• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between axial length/corneal radius ratio and refractive error for human eye. Ocular components were measured Baush & Lomb keratometer, Holden-Payor pachometer, and Stoz Compuscan. Refractive error was measured by subjective refraction. The results were as follows; 1) Spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length/corneal radius ratio was very highly correlated with the correlation coefficient for -0.89. 2) Axial length/corneal radius ratio and axial length, vitreous chamber depth were highly correlated that the correlation coefficients were 0.82, 0.80 respectively. 3) Axial length/corneal radius ratio and anterior chamber depth, corneal power, corneal radius, lens power were correlated with the correlation coefficients for 0.57, 0.40, -0.39, -0.35 respectively. 4) There were no significant correlation between axial length/corneal radius ratio and lens thickness, and corneal thickness.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2014

As frequency resource has taken on greater importance, Cognitive Radio(CR) technology has been considered as the solution to improve spectrum utilization by allowing a secondary user to utilize a licensed band when the primary user is absent. So spectrum sensing is significant part of CR for high performance. Recently, cooperative spectrum sensing that secondary users share each sensing results is proposed to improve spectrum sensing accuracy. In this paper, OR rule based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme using reporting error probability which occurs in user to fusion center(FC) channel The simulation results show that proposed scheme mitigates false alarm probability limitation which appears in existing cooperative spectrum sensing scheme by restricting the number of cooperating users using reporting error probability.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1996

The adsorption mechanism of Chromium(VI) uptake in silk fibroin fibers was discussed. The adsorption equilbrium of Chromium(VI) is significantly influenced by the initial adsorption rate and it showed 52% of the equilibrium uptake. The Chromium(VI) uptake by silk fibroin in increased with the acidic range of pH, which react upon Chromium(VI) oxidations. The enthalpy change in the Chromium(VI) on the temperatures, $\Delta$H, was found to be 39.7 KJ.mol-1, It means that the Chromium(VI) adsorption proceeds via a certain complex chemical reaction and the Chromium complex was found to be coordinated with carbonyl group of amides from the result of infrared spectra. The chroming of silk fibroin fibers in moderated in the conditions of 5$0^{\circ}C$, pH 2.4, and 3 hours, which prevent from the loss of physical properties. The equilibrium adsorption is attained at 5 X 10-3M of Chromium(VI) solutions.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

Recently, Cognitive radio (CR) has been focused for the effective utilization of the limited spectrum. Since an overlay CR system shares the given spectrum with the unlicensed system simultaneously, its spectral efficiency is high. However, most of the studies on an overlay CR system have been focused on the performance enhancement of the licensed receiver (LR). Correspondingly, the performance of the unlicensed receiver (UR) is degraded. Therefore, we propose an overlay CR NOMA system to improve the performance both of the LR and UR, which has a selected relay for the UR and adjusts the power allocation for the LR. The analytical performance of the proposed system is derived and verified the results through simulation. It is noticed that the UR can be obtained signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains by the selected relay, consequently, the system performance can be improved. Also, we show that the performance of the proposed system can be controlled by the number of the relays as well as the power allocation ratio. The results reveal that the required performance of the system can be satisfied with the use of the selected relay under the limited transmit power.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 1997

Creep rate the elevated temperature is known to be controller by the softening process of microstructure especially in the solid solution alloys such as 125 Cr rotor steel. The change of structure is a decreasing process of the free energy of the state including stress, diffusivity of the material, and tmeperature. This study shows that diffusion coefficient, D of 12% Cr rotor steel at 953K with 74.8 MPa is 1.084~3.140*$10^{15}mm^2sec^1$ compared to $1.658*10^{24}mm^2sec^1$at 963K without stress. During creep, the growth of martensite laths accelerates the diffusion coefficient under stress due to incoherency of interface between carbides and matrix.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1609-1613
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus (P) in copra expellers (CE), palm kernel expellers (PKE), and cassava root (CR). Eight barrows (initial BW of 40.0 kg, SD = 4.5) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A replicated $4{\times}3$ incomplete Latin square design was employed involving 4 dietary treatments, 3 periods, and 8 animals. Three experimental diets contained 40% CE, PKE or CR as the only source of P. A P-free diet mainly based on corn starch, sucrose, and gelatin was also prepared to estimate the basal endogenous loss of P. The marker-to-marker method was used for fecal collection. Values for the ATTD of P in the CE and PKE were greater than in the CR (46.0 and 39.7 vs -14.0%; p<0.05). However, the STTD of P did not differ greatly among the test ingredients (56.5, 49.0, and 43.2% in the CE, PKE, and CR, respectively). In conclusion, the ATTD of P values in CE and PKE were greater than that in CR, but the STTD of P did not differ greatly among CE, PKE, and CR.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigate the throughput capacity of a multi-hop relay with cognitive radio (CR) enabled relay stations (RS). We suggest a TDMA/FDMA based frame structure where RSs dynamically select unused channels to communicate with the base station (BS) using CR techniques to analyze the throughput capacity. We develop the throughput capacity model for the proposed system based on utilization factor. The analytical results based on those equations show significant improvement in throughput capacity for CR enabled multi-hop relay system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2008

Closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering 방법을 이용하여 CrZr-Si-N 박막을 증착하였다. Si Target power의 변화에 따라 박막을 증착하여 XRD, SEM, XPS, GDOES, AFM, XPS, Nanoindentation을 이용하여 박막의 미세구조, 성분분석, 표면 조도, 경도를 측정하였다. $500^{\circ}C$에서 annealing한 후 상온에서의 박막의 경도와 비교하였고, 상온과 $500^{\circ}C$에서 마모 실험을 행한 후 마찰 계수를 측정하여 비교하였다. $Cr_{39.4}Zr_{12.3}N_{48.3}$ 박막은 $500^{\circ}C$ annealing 후 경도는 30 GPa에서 24 GPa로 감소하였고 마찰계수는 0.23에서 0.81로 약 4배 증가하였다. $500^{\circ}C$ annealing 후 $Cr_{34.6}Zr_{10.6}-Si_{6.4}-N_{48.4}$ 박막의 경도는 30 GPa로 상온에서의 경도 32 GPa과 비슷하였고 $500^{\circ}C$와 상온에서 수행된 마모시험 결과는 $500^{\circ}C$에서 마찰계수 0.43으로 상온 마모시험 결과와 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 상온의 경우 Si 함량에 따른 기계적 특성 및 마모특성의 변화는 거의 없었다. 그러나 $500^{\circ}C$ annealing 후 CrZi-Si-N 박막의 기계적 특성 및 마모특성은 Si 함량에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 Si 첨가가 CrZrN 박막의 고온 안정성 향상에 기여함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.680-686
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• 2002

The solidification/stabilization mechanism of each cementious material was investigated. It was found that when $C_3$S was hydrated , the Pb element could be transferred to the insoluble Ca[Pb(OH)$_3$.$H_2O$]$_2$and the Cr element to the CaCr $O_4$$H_2O$. The addition of heavy metal tends to delay the hydration until initial 7 days. The Pb element as also delayed the hydration and the Cr element was substituted for the ettringite. On the occasion of the hydration of $C_4$ $A_3$ $S^{S}$, the Pb and Cr ions were solidified/stabilized by the substitution into the ettringite and/or monosulfate. Leaching of the Pb, Cr and Zn elements in the solidified material was extremely little, indicating that heavy metals were effectively solidified/stabilized in the hydrated cementious materials. Solidification/stabilization of heavy metal ions in the industrial wastes such as the STS, BF and COREX sludge was investigated. In case of the mixing ratio of cement and slag was 3 : 7, leaching of hazardous heavy metal ions was very little, indications that the solidification and stabilization was very successful.l.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2002

In this study, limits of detection (LOD), accuracy and precision of four sampling/ analytical methods were evaluated and compared for the determination of airborne hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI). The methods include : (1) a combination of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 7600/U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 218.6 (NIOSH/EPA Method) proposed by Shin and Paik, 2) two impinger methods using 2% NaOH/3% Na$_2$CO$_3$. (3) same as (2) but with 0.02 N NaHCO$_3$absorbing solution, and (4) the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) Method ID-215. An ion chromatograph/visible absorbance detector was used for the analysis of Cr (VI) in sample solution. Limit of detection (LOD) , analytical accuracy, and precision were also tested using Cr (VI) spike samples. Recoveries (as index of accuracy) and coefficient of variation (CV) (as a index of precision) were determined. Two-way ANOVA and Turkey's test were performed to test the significance in differences among recoveries and CVs of the methods. In all the methods, the peaks of Cr (VI) were separated sharply on chromatograms and exhibited a strong linearity with Cr (VI) concentrations in solution. The correlation coefficients of calibration curves typically ranged from 0.9997 to 0.9999, and the analytical LODs from 0.025 to 0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/sample. All the method had good sensitivities and linearities between Cr (VI) levels and peak areas. The accuracies (% mean recoveries) of the methods ranged from 80.1 to 104.2%, while the precisions (pooled coefficient of variation) ranged from 3.16 to 4.43%. The impinger methods showed higher recoveries ( > 95%) than those of the PVC filter methods (the OSHA Method and the NIOSH/EPA Method). It was assumed that Cr (VI) on PVC filter was exposed to air and reduced to trivalent chromium, Cr (III), whereas it was stabilized in alkali solution contained in impinger. Thus, a special treatment of Cr (VI) samples collected on PVC filters may be required.