• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

CPV system in the desert areas or areas near the equator, as is suitable for high-temperature region. As compared to silicon solar cells, CPV system have a high proportion of a BOS (balance of system). Solar cells because of its low proportion when designing a module technology is applied in a variety of ways. Applied to the CPV system is classified into two kinds of optical technology. One of those using fresnel lens uses refraction of light energy. The other is a mirror reflection of the structure using sprays. Both of these two ways to condense the sun to collect solar cell is a form of light. And goals by using a small solar cell materials is to produce more energy. In this paper, suitable for a domestic environment, with the aim CPV Manufacturing Technology, built on a variety of modular process technology to the development of a prototype performance analysis was carried out. In particular, silicone coated on the glass by the method of implementation of the Fresnel lens SOG(Silicon on glass) by applying the lens to absorb the solar spectrum was broad. In addition to, for the analyze to characteristics of the CPV module, developed CPV module performance and generating characteristics studied. These related technology through research and development of high-performance multi-junction solar cells, modules, development of concentrating solar power systems to facilitate the growth of the market is considered to be.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.96-101
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• 2012

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the performance of a concentrating photovoltaic cell (CPV) against temperature. It is know that a high efficiency of a CPV can be achieved only with proper cell temperature as well as high concentration ratio (CR). This study is concerned with appropriate cooling condition for a liquid-convection cooler for the best performance of a specific CPV. A series of experiments was conducted in a range of cell temperatures as a result of varying cooling conditions, while the concentration ratio was 390 and the solar irradiation flux was higher than 900 $W/m^2$ in outdoor environment. The CPV had a planar dimension of 10 by 10 mm. A Fresnel lens was used as a concentrator, of which the dimension was 221 mm(W) ${\times}$ 221 mm(L) ${\times}$ 3 mm(t) and the transmissivity was known to be 0.8. The cooler was attached to the bottom side of the CPV and had a contact area of 21 mm(W) ${\times}$ 26 mm(L), which was identical to the size of the base plate of the CPV. The coolant temperature was controlled by an isothermal bath and the flow rate was controlled and measured by a flowmeter. The experimental results showed that the average of power efficiency of the CPV decreased from 28.6 % to 24.7 % as the cell temperature increased from $36^{\circ}C$ to $97^{\circ}C$. An appropriate cooling method of a CPV might increase the power conversion efficiency by about 4% for the same concentration ratio. Discussion is included from the viewpoint of the combined efficiency in addition to the power efficiency.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system consists of high-quality complex optical elements, mechanical devices, and electronics components and can have the advantages of high integration and high-efficiency energy sources. III-V compound semiconductor cells have proven performance based on high reliability in the aerospace field, but have characteristics that require absolute support of the balance of systems (BOS) such as solar position trackers, receivers with heat sinks, and housing instruments. To determine the optimum parameters of secondary optical elements (SOEs) design for CPV systems, we designed three types of CPV modules, classified as non-SOEs type, reflective mirror type, and CPC lens type. We measured the I-V and P-V characteristics of the prototype CPV modules with the angle of inclination varying from 0° to 12° and with a 500-magnification Fresnel lens. The experimental results assumed misalignment of the solar position tracker or module design of pinpoint accuracy. As a result, at the 0° tilt angle, the CPC lens produced lower power due to the quartz transmittance ratio compared to that by other SOEs. However, for tilt angles greater than 3°, the CPC lens type module achieved high efficiency and stability. This study is expected to help design high-performance CPV systems.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2015년도 제46회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1080-1081
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• 2015

CPV system in the desert areas or areas near the equator, as is suitable for high-temperature region. As compared to silicon solar cells, CPV system have a high proportion of a BOS (balance of system). Solar cells because of its low proportion when designing a module technology is applied in a variety of ways. Applied to the CPV system is classified into two kinds of optical technology. One of those using fresnel lens uses refraction of light energy. The other is a mirror reflection of the structure using sprays. Both of these two ways to condense the sun to collect solar cell is a form of light. And goals by using a small solar cell materials is to produce more energy. This research proposes rational design approach to calculate proper system capacity in consideration of the aforementioned factors in CPV system.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2023

개 파보바이러스(canine parvovirus type 2, CPV-2)와 코로나바이러스(canine coronavirus, CCoV)는 개에서 위장관염을 일으키는 주요 병원체이다. 두 바이러스는 전염성과 이환율이 높고 특정한 치료법이 없어 신속 정확한 진단이 필요하다. 동물용 신속진단키트 (rapid diagnostic test, RDT)는 빠르고, 간편하여 진료현장에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성능평가를 통해 CPV-2/CCoV RDT의 임상적 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 성능평가 항목으로 최소검출한계(limit of detection, LoD), 교차반응, 간섭, 민감도, 특이도, 음성우도비(negative likelihood ratio, NLR), 카파통계량(kappa value, κ) 등을 확인하였다. 성능평가 결과, LoD는 CPV-2 9.7×10 50% tissue culture infections dose (TCID₅₀)/mL, CCoV 2.5×10² TCID₅₀/mL로 나타났다. 병원체 9종에 의한 교차반응과 간섭물질에 대한 간섭은 관찰되지 않았다. RDT는 두 바이러스의 검출에 있어 민감도 90.0%, 특이도 100.0%, NLR=0.1, κ=0.90으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 CPV-2/CCoV RDT는 높은 민감도, 특이도, κ와 낮은 NLR을 보여 선별검사로써 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.876-884
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• 2012

The worldwide CPV(Concentrated Photo Voltaic) market has been increased rapidly due to the increase in large-scale PV(Photo Voltaic) plants which are situated in sun-rich areas with either a Mediterranean or equatorial-type climate. CPV systems are arguably some of the most important devices in the production of electricity within regions with a sun-rich climate, particularly those which benefit from abundant direct solar irradiation. We have developed a 500X CPV module with rated power of 170Wp. The CPV module must satisfy the constraint of having a sensitive tracking accuracy due to the limited tolerance of the acceptance angle in intrinsic optical design. In this study, the module's acceptance angle used was designed with a tolerance angle of ${\pm}1^{\circ}$ in the secondary optics design. In general, non-concentrated module type 2-axis trackers have a tolerance angle larger than ${\pm}1^{\circ}$ due to standard silicon-type modules which are insensitive to the tracking accuracy of the sun. They have a tolerance angle of ${\pm}2{\sim}4^{\circ}$, which fails to exert a significant influence on the performance of the module. This paper provides a study of an experimental variation of the efficiency of the CPV module in terms of its tracking accuracy. Also, the performance of the module is studied from the perspective of temperature and direct irradiation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2022

Background: Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, also known as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), is the main pathogen in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs, with a high mortality rate. Three subtypes (a, b, c) have been described based on VP2 residue 426, where 2a, 2b, and 2c have asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, respectively. Objectives: This study examined the presence of CPV-2 variants in the fecal samples of dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus in Bogotá. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 54 puppies and young dogs (< 1 year) that tested positive for the CPV through rapid antigen test detection between 2014-2018. Molecular screening was developed for VP1 because primers 555 for VP2 do not amplify, it was necessary to design a primer set for VP2 amplification of 982 nt. All samples that were amplified were sequenced by Sanger. Phylogenetics and structural analysis was carried out, focusing on residue 426. Results: As a result 47 out of 54 samples tested positive for VP1 screening, and 34/47 samples tested positive for VP2 980 primers as subtype 2a (n = 30) or 2b (n = 4); subtype 2c was not detected. All VP2 sequences had the amino acid, T, at 440, and most Colombian sequences showed an S514A substitution, which in the structural modeling is located in an antigenic region, together with the 426 residue. Conclusions: The 2c variant was not detected, and these findings suggest that Colombian strains of CPV-2 might be under an antigenic drift.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1271-1279
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• 2009

To develop low endotoxic and multi-immunogenic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a deletion mutant of the msbB gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was used as a source of low endotoxic OMV, and an expression vector of the canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 epitope fused to the bacterial OmpA protein was constructed and transformed into the Salmonella ${\Delta}msbB$ mutant. In a lethality test, BALB/c mice injected intraperitoneally with the Salmonella ${\Delta}msbB$ mutant survived for 7 days, whereas mice injected intraperitoneally with the wild type survived for 3 days. Moreover, all mice inoculated orally with the ${\Delta}msbB$ mutant survived for 30 days, but 80% of mice inoculated orally with the wild type survived. The OmpA::CPV VP2 epitope fusion protein was expressed successfully and associated with the outer membrane and OMV fractions from the mutant S. Typhimurium transformed with the fusion protein-expressing vector. In immunogenicity tests, sera obtained from the mice immunized with either the Salmonella msbB mutant or its OMVs containing the OmpA::CPV VP2 epitope showed bactericidal activities against wild-type S. Typhimurium and contained specific antibodies to the CPV VP2 epitope. In the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay as a measurement of CPV-neutralizing activity in the immune sera, there was an 8-fold increase of HI titer in the OMV-immunized group compared with the control. These results suggested that the CPV-neutralizing antibody response was raised by immunization with OMV containing the OmpA::CPV VP2 epitope, as well as the protective immune response against S. Typhimurium in BALB/c mice.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2013

To evaluate utilization of persimmon peels as novel bio-materials, the general composition and antioxidant activities of Daebong persimmon vinegar (DPV), Daebong persimmon peel vinegar (DPPV) and commercial persimmon vinegar (CPV) were investigated. The pH of DPPV had slightly higher than that of other vinegars. The titratable acidities of vinegars were 3.24% (DPV), 2.77% (DPPV) and 7.78% (CPV), respectively. The reducing sugar contents showed that DPV had slightly higher than that of other vinegars. The browning degree of DPV was lower than CPV in contrast to the turbidity. The results of Hunter's color value have showed that overall values of CPV had significantly higher than DPPV and DPV. The total phenolic contents of DPV and CPV were 19.49 and 17.13 mg/100g GAE, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of DPPV (8.04 mg/100g CE) were two fold higher than that of DPV (3.85 mg/100g CE). The antioxidant activities, by DPPH and FRAP assays, of DPV showed stronger than those of other vinegars. Free sugars were mainly composed of fructose and glucose. Organic acids were presented in the order acetic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and oxalic acid. These results suggest that the Daebong persimmon peels could be utilized for vinegar production as a health-benefit material.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.269-274
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• 2011

A solar cell is primary parts to produce electrical energy from the Sun. And, we can utilize those solar cells as a power generation system in home, factory, and so on. In order to make proper power, the solar cells are configured in series and parallel lay down. In condition of uniform illumination, the solar array will produce an enough power by photovoltaic effects from the solar cells. In case of non-uniform illumination on the solar cells, the power will be dramatically decreased compared to design. Fortunately, there were so many research outputs regarding the illumination effects on solar array. In this work, we tried to find out the non-uniform effects on unit CPV solar cell, because there were no research outputs for unit CPV solar cell considering illumination. The CPV solar cell was used in CPV system to make a power by the Sun. We chosen the triple junction solar cell of GaAsInP2Ge for simulation, which has a 30 % of conversion efficiency. By simulation, we obtained the output performance of CPV solar cells in condition of various illumination by using Hamming Window function. Its performance was degraded by 10 % to 50 % depending illumination conditions.