• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

The fruit of the black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) has been employed in traditional medicine, and recent studies have demonstrated its measureable biological activities. However, the root of the black raspberry has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of the root and unripe fruit polyphenols of the black raspberry. Both polyphenols proved to have anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the decreased nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. However, root polyphenols showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than fruit polyphenols. LPS-induced mRNA and protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels were also decreased, confirming the anti-inflammatory activity. Root polyphenols showed lethal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Bacillus anthracis. In contrast, the black raspberry fruit did not demonstrate these properties. These data provide the first demonstration that black raspberry root has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-superbacterial properties that can be exploited as alternatives for use in the food and cosmetic industries and/or as pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2006

This study conducted the following experiment to examine and compare transdermal permeation effects according to parameters of ultrasound and physiochemical characteristics of meloxicam. Permeation by ultrasound among these experimental drugs was relatively higher and it was involved in COX-2 inhibition unlike other drugs. Recently use of oral agents has been rapidly increased, but it was not generalized to transdermal agent and this study selected meloxicam that transdermal permeation research using ultrasound was not performed and conducted transdermal permeation experiment with skin of hairless mouse and analyzed permeation with HPLC. It made gel first and analyzed permeation depending on frequency and intensity of ultrasound of meloxicam with the same experimental procedures as the above experiment. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Transdermal permeation by ultrasound frequency was higher in 1.0 MHz and it was higher as intensity increased. In comparison by parameters of ultrasound, there was similar permeation in $1.0\;W/cm^2$ of continuous mode and $3.0\;W/cm^2$ of pulsed mode and it was effective to high intensity for using pulsed mode. It was found that duty cycle of ultrasound affected transdermal permeation in meloxicam gel used in this experiment and transdermal permeation was higher in used ultrasound as phonophoresis than non-ultrasound for anti-inflammatory effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1105-1109
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• 2012

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in India and the disease burden is increasing annually. The lack of awareness initiatives, structured screening, and affordable treatment facilities continue to result in poor survival. We present a breast cancer survival scenario, in urban population in India, where standardised care is distributed equitably and free of charge through an employees' healthcare scheme. We studied 99 patients who were treated at our hospital during the period 2005 to 2010 and our follow-up rates were 95.95%. Patients received evidence-based standardised care in line with the tertiary cancer centre in Mumbai. One-, three- and five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Socio-demographic, reproductive and tumor factors, relevant to survival, were analysed. Mortality hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard method. Survival in this series was compared to that in registries across India and discrepancies were discussed. Patients mean age was 56 years, mean tumor size was 3.2 cms, 85% of the tumors belonged to T1 and T2 stages, and 45% of the patients belonged to the composite stages I and IIA. Overall 5-year survival was 74.9%. Patients who presented with large-sized tumors (HR 3.06; 95% CI 0.4-9.0), higher composite stage (HR 1.91; 0.55-6.58) and undergone mastectomy (HR 2.94; 0.63-13.62) had a higher risk of mortality than women who had higher levels of education (HR 0.25; 0.05-1.16), although none of these results reached the significant statistical level. We observed 25% better survival compared to other Indian populations. Our results are comparable to those from the European Union and North America, owing to early presentation, equitable access to standardised free healthcare and complete follow-up ensured under the scheme. This emphasises that equitable and affordable delivery of standardised healthcare can translate into early presentation and better survival in India.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bony malignancy and its survivorship has been progressed markedly through refined chemotherapy and surgery. But still there are many non-responders and analysis of prognostic factors may be helpful for them. Two hundred and sixty-six patients were enlisted between Mar, 1985 and Sep. 1994. Among them our inclusion criteria were: 1)primary, nonmetastatic classical osteosarcoma 2)extremity in location 3)no prior treatment at other institute and completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery according to our protocol. One hundred and eleven cases were eligible. Analyzed factors were:age, sex, location, tumor size, and pathologic response. Statistical methods were log-rank test for univariate and Cox's test for multivariate analysis. Male to female ratio was 69:42 with an average age of 17.2 years. Locations of tumor were distal femur 59, proximal tibia 29, and proximal humerus 8. Tumor size were measured by its maximal diameter and 48 cases were above 10cm and 47 cases were below 10cm. For pathologic response, 57 cases showed more than 90% and 54 cases were less than that. Limb salvage procedure was 101 cases and amputation was 10 cases and their local recurrence rate were 3.6%. Average follow-up period was 24(9-78.2) months and their final status was CDF 86, AWD 8, NED 5, and DOD 12 cases. In univariate study: type of operation(p=0.005), tumor size(p=0.005), and pathologic response(p=0.02) were significant variables. Pathologic response(p=0.03) and type of operation(p=0.01) were meaningful prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. But the latter result was interpreted as a bias, so pathologic response remained as a sole meaningful prognostic factor. More aggressive chemotherapy will be needed to improve the survival.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1987

Fiber mats were made at various density levels, using fibers from papermill sludge, ricestraw and various mixtures of the two. The paper mill sludges were collected from Moorim Papermill Co, and Jeonjoo Papermill Co. They were soaked in the liquid sulfur compounds, sulfur-tall oil and sulfurpolyester compounds, and made into fiber-reinforced, sulfur-based composition board. Under optimum conditions of fiber mat preparation and saturation with molten sulfur and modified sulfur, the Young's moduls of the manufactured tiber-reinforced composition board are superior to those of conventional wood-based composition boards. For example, the moduli of elasticity of the composition board made from papermill sludge, with a density of 0.40gm/$cm^3$, were greater than 1,400,000psi as compared 800,000psi for high density hardboard(1.28gm/$cm^3$). The modulus of rupture of the best reinforced composition board manufactured was over 9000psi, comparable to 6000psi of high density hardboard. The proposed Bryant and Lee's theory, "Modified Rule of Mixtures" can be applicable to the nonoriented and short fibrous composition board, when it was modified from "Rule of Mixtures" established by Paul an Jones, and supplemented by Smith and Cox's theory, In the Bryant and Lee's theory of $E_c=\frac{1}{3}aE_fV_f+bE_mV_m$, the constants "a" and "b" for the composition boards made from papermill sludge and the mixtures of ricestraw and the sludge were identified to be in the ranges of 3.29~3.54 and -2.47~-2.80 respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.287-298
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of early implant failure using a single implant system and to identify the factors contributing to early implant failure. Methods: Patients who received implant treatment with a single implant system ($Luna^{(R)}$, Shinhung, Seoul, Korea) at Dankook University Dental Hospital from 2015 to 2017 were enrolled. The following data were collected for analysis: sex and age of the patient, seniority of the surgeon, diameter and length of the implant, position in the dental arch, access approach for sinus-floor elevation, and type of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. The effect of each predictor was evaluated using the crude hazard ratio and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively. Results: This study analyzed 1,031 implants in 409 patients, who comprised 169 females and 240 males with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47-61 years) and were followed up for a median of 7.2 months (IQR, 5.6-9.9 months) after implant placement. Thirty-five implants were removed prior to final prosthesis delivery, and the cumulative survival rate in the early phase at the implant level was 95.6%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that seniority of the surgeon (residents: aHR=2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-5.94) and the jaw in which the implant was placed (mandible: aHR=2.31; 95% CI, 1.12-4.76) exerted statistically significant effects on early implant failure after adjusting for sex, age, dimensions of the implant, and type of GBR procedure (preoperative and/or simultaneous) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the factors contributing to early implant failure. In the meantime, surgeons should receive appropriate training and carefully select the bone bed in order to minimize the risk of early implant failure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-203
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of serum CYFRA21-1, CEA and hemoglobin levels regarding long-term survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: Age, gender, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), tumor location, tumor length, T stage, N stage and serum hemoglobin, and CYFRA21-1 and CEA levels before concurrent CRT were retrospectively investigated and related to outcome in 113 patients receiving 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for ESCC. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze prognosis, the log-rank to compare groups, the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis, and ROC curve analysis for assessment of predictive performance of biologic markers. Results: The median survival time was 20.1 months and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- year overall survival rates were 66.4%, 43.4%, 31.9% and 15.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that factors associated with prognosis were KPS, tumor length, T-stage, N-stage, hemoglobin, CYFRA21-1 and CEA level. Multivariate analysis showed T-stage, N-stage, hemoglobin, CYFRA21-1 and CEA level were independent predictors of prognosis. By ROC curve, CYFRA21-1 and hemoglobin showed better predictive performance for OS than CEA (AUC= 0.791, 0.704, 0.545; P=0.000, 0.000, 0.409). Conclusions: Of all clinicopathological and molecular factors, T stage, N stage, hemoglobin, CYFRA21-1 and CEA level were independent predictors of prognosis for patients with ESCC treated with concurrent CRT. Among biomarkers, CYFRA21-1 and hemoglobin may have a better predictive potential than CEA for long-term outcomes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.152-160
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• 2004

Objective : Recently, an increasing portion of cancer patients use various therapies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) including traditional oriental medicine, which is believed to improve the consequence of cancer according to clinical experience and laboratory data. But the clinical-based systemic statistic validity of these therapies is lacking, so this study was aimed to validate the traditional oriental therapies (TOT) for terminally ill cancer patients. Patients and methods : This retrospective study was performed on 273 patients who were diagnosed with terminally ill cancer in Korea and treated with TOT in the oriental hospital of Daejeon University, from March 1997 to June 2003. We examined the median duration of the terminal period and the correlations between 9 factors and survival of terminally ill cancer patients. Results : During the study period, we could confirm 142 patients' death (52.01%) in 273 subjects. The median length of survival in terminally ill cancer patients was 16 weeks (95%CI 14.0∼20.0) and 40.15% (95%CI 40.07∼40.22) of patients had survived more than 24 weeks. According to Cox's proportional hazard model including gender, age, conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), performance status and clinical symptoms as independent variables, history of conventional therapies (RR 0.581, 95%CI 0.381∼0.885), higher performance status (RR 1,855, 95%CI 1.454∼2.366) and absence of ascites and pleural effusion (RR 1.631, 95%CI 1.047∼2.538) showed independent prognostic value of survival. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that TOT offer potential benefits for cancer patients at the terminal stage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2643-2648
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• 2016

Background: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are lower in Japanese compared with Western subjects. Since it is uncertain whether hsCRP is a potent predictor of mortality at low CRP concentrations, the present study examined associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large population of Japanese. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 4,737 men and 6,343 women aged 49-76 years participating in the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study of lifestyle-related diseases between February 2004 and July 2006. Hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with hsCRP levels were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: A total of 436 all-cause deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 8 years. The main cause of death was cancer. In men, hsCRP levels were positively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality as well as deaths from cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). All-cause mortality hazards for the 2nd (0.34-0.84 mg/L) and the 3rd (${\geq}0.85mg/L$) tertiles of hsCRP were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-1.73) and 1.75 (1.30-2.37), respectively (p for trend=0.001). In women, increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with elevated hsCRP levels was observed, but the associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions: HsCRP may be an independent predictor of all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality in apparently healthy Japanese men, but not women. The differential effect of hsCRP in predicting mortality risk by sex warrants further investigation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2020

This study analyzed the longevity of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) in first permanent molars and evaluated factors influencing their survival during a long-term follow-up period. In all, 115 first permanent molars treated with PMCs between June 2008 and June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall combined success rate for the study group was 84.3%. The 5-year survival rate was 82.8%. Multivariate Cox regression analyses identified distal cavities and mandibular PMC placement as risk factors for restoration failure. Careful placement of PMCs at the final try-in stage augments the longevity of the crown.