• 보존과학연구
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• s.30
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• pp.63-77
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• 2009

Scientific studies of conservation techniques and materials in Korea have experienced fast development since international practice and academic knowledge have been introduced to Korea from Japan, France, Germany, and etc from the late 1960s. In recent years, it has been observed that the academic standard of research and the level knowledge of the field in Korea at present are far advanced to compete with many countries. However, many Korean cases still have displayed that the standard and the quality of conservation practice need to be improved. This research examined several cases of derelict restoration of metal relics executed by non-conservators and the effects of their ignorant use of irreversible materials on the valuable objects. The purpose of the study is to display the problem of such treatments and to suggest a need of framework to prevent the loss of original form from them. Metal Buddha statue (Cosmic Buddha) in Borim Temple (National Treasure No. 117), which was conserved by an unexperienced non-conservator, has suffered from a serious problem of corrosion because of the use of destructive material, iron chloride. Another case for metal Buddha statue in Dopian Temple (National Treasure No. 63) displays a representative example of using irreversible materials, Cashew and such ignorant application made a later conservation treatment so difficult in removing the material from the surface of the statue. In conclusion, the research argued that the understanding of materials used in the objects, and the value of relics is important, and pre-experiments before applying conservation materials to a valuable heritage are essential in the conservation treatment.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.355-363
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• 2015

DMZ(Demilitarized Zone) created as part of the Armistice Agreement is important zone in the way that historic and eco-cultural value as well as military and political image of this are remarkable. Furthermore, the concern of DMZ has been rising at home and abroad. Even though various studies on this subject have been constantly spurring according to the significance, the practical researches on spatial range of DMZ are very weak. The Purpose of this research is to show the factual spatial extent of DMZ from the mouth of the Imjingang River in the west to the town of Goseong in the east. This study proved the area of corresponding DMZ is approximately $570km^2$ contrary to the previous studies and claims it is difficult to measure the actual length of MDL(Military Demarcation Line) regarded as 155mile in this situation of Korea peninsula.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2009

We have investigated the suitable measuring method and condition on the hardness testing for the earthenwares excavated from Poongnap mud castle in Hanseong Baekje period. The earthenwares which used on hardness testing have been classified according to Mohs hardness and external form and color. The Ultrasonic and Equotip testing method have used to the hardness testing on the surface of the earthenwares and the Rockwell and Micro-vickers testing methods have used to the hardness testing on the cross section of the earthenwares. As the results, the two methods applied to the surface of the earthenwares were very hard on the precise measurement and the measuring values were incompatible with the tendency classified according to Mohs hardness and external form and color. On the testing for the cross section of earthenware, the Rockwell-superficial hardness testing method was more suitable for the soft texture earthenware and highest reproducibility of the measuring value obtained at the test load and indentor are 15kgf and 1/16 “iron ball, respectively. The Micro-Vickers hardness testing method was suitable for the hard texture earthenware and highest reproducibility and accuracy of the measuring value obtained at the test load is 100gf. This results show strong possibility of progress on the classifying and comparing study for hardness of the earthenware and therefore active studies are expected on the field.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.896-907
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• 2016

The habitat characteristics of Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. were investigated to provide basic data for conservation and restoration. The altitude ranged from 260m to 728m with inclinations of $4-39^{\circ}$. As a result of vegetation survey within natural populations, a total of 147 taxa were identified inside 20 quadrates in 7 natural habitats. The importance value of Aconitum austrokoreense was 23.0% based on the coverage and frequency of the herbaceous layer and sat is more dominant. Species diversity was 1.23, and dominace and evenness were found to be 0.22 and 0.77, respectively. The soil type were silty loam (four sites), sandy loam (two sites) and loam (one site). The average field organic matter was 7.83% and the total nitrogen and pH were 0.35, and 5.69. Correlation analysis between environmental factors and population characteristic showed the correlations between chlorophyll content and slope, flowering rate and soil humidity. Conservation on habitats conditions is important for stable maintenance the flora and the surrounding area including habitats has to be designated a protection area for habitats conservation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2012

We investigated the ecological characteristics of Jilmoe-neup conservation area which is one of wetlands designated as a Ramsar convention site in Mt. Odae from 2007 to 2011. Average out-flow of water was 0.80 $m^3/min$ during observation period. Average pH of water was 6.1, electric conductivity was 19 ${\mu}S/cm$ and contents of potassium, calcium and ammonium, nitrate and available phosphorus in water were recorded below average 2.0 mg/L. Peat layer was less developed than in other montane wetlands such as Yong-neup and Wangdeungjae-neup. Plants were recorded as 49 family, 118 genus, 163 species, 3 subspecies, 29 variety and 6 forma, total 163 taxa. Trientalis europaea L., which was designated in endangered level 2 by Ministry of Environment, inhabited at Sphagnum dominated area and Carex tussocks. Vegetation analysis showed that dominance value was changed as species distribution area were increased or decreased periodically. Although Jilmoe-neup deserved conservation value for Sphagnum fen which has diverse flora, it was affected from various factors such as ranch in the vicinity. Therefore, it must be monitored and managed continuously.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.444-457
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• 2014

Dangsan forests are traditional village forests which have been established by local residents. They represent unique cultural landscape of Korea with a history of more than several hundred years. It is necessary for a cultural contents to have locality and globality so as to represent Korea. Cultural heritage can retain their value when they are fully sustained their authenticity and management scheme. Although many Dangsan forests have been on the verge of disappearance, the four villages in Sinwon-ri have retained Dangsan forests with Dangsan ritual. In this study, a designation of 'Conservation area of agricultural landscape ecology' including Dangsan forests, Bibo forests, rice paddy field, and stream in Sinwon-ri was suggested. This 'Conservation area of agricultural landscape ecology' can be developed to unique glocal cultural content of rural Korea, and will contribute to enhance the value of the Dangsan forest's, and revitalization of rural villages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.171-184
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• 2016

Suncheonman-Bay and its surrounding areas play important roles as habitats for migratory birds. However, sustainable management of these areas is difficult because of the development pressure of private lands. Therefore, the areas surrounding Suncheonman-Bay must be classified as additional protected areas; for this, it is necessary to gather concrete and objective evidence and ensure protected area management. Further, compensation measures must be considered when acquiring a private property as an additional protected area. In this study, we distinguish protected areas, such as core, buffer, and transition areas, within a private area by using data from the Winter Waterbird Census of Korea and MARXAN software, a spatial conservation prioritization tool. We applied ecosystem services to apply Payment for Ecosystem services (PES) as compensation measures. Watershed conservation (supply), climate control (regulation), supporting habitats (support), and recreation (culture) etc. were evaluated by calculating the economic value of these ecosystem services. Eastern, western, and northern forests and rice fields of Suncheonman-Bay were shown to have a number of core areas for the preservation of endangered species. The ecosystem service value of the additional protected areas was estimated at 17.5 million KRW/ha/year. We believe that our study result could be used to establish protected areas to preserve major habitats, as well as include areas adjacent to such major habitats that play a vital role in endangered species conservation. In addition, through this study, we highlight the need for an objective basis to establish protected areas.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

This study analyzes the material characteristics of stone tools of the Paleolithic period excavated from the Osong site, located at the project site for the creation of the Osong 2nd Life Science Complex, and estimates the provenance of the stone materials. Because the stones had been buried for a long time, their surfaces had become heavily weathered yellow or yellowish-brown, and the magnetic susceptibility values varied from 0 to 15(${\times}10^{-3}SI$). The excavated stone tools were rocks with various magnetic susceptibility values that could not be specified. Five stone tools subjected to destructive analysis were divided into two groups, one with a value of 1-3(${\times}10^{-3}SI$) and the other with a value of 5-9(${\times}10^{-3}SI$), both based on visible characteristics. The results of the thin-section analysis showed that most of the stone tools were basaltic rocks comprising plagioclase, quartz, and pyroxene, and some had iron content as high as 20 wt.%. These findings and the present geological map suggest that the stone tools were not made from the surrounding rocks because there are no areas containing basaltic rocks surrounding Bongsan-ri in Osong-eup. Andesite and tuff are distributed along with basaltic rocks in the Doan-myeon area in Jeongpyeong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, but the distance from the excavation site is too far. To determine whether this region is actually related to the provenance of the raw rock, it is necessary to conduct additional field surveys and comprehensive and precise analyses.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

This work aims to clarify the character and selection of repair papers, based on fibre orientation information of paper cultural properties under restoration; using nondestructive image analysis applied to micrographs of paper surfaces. Image analysis using fast Fourier transform with suitable modifications was demonstrated to be an effective means to determine angle and intensity of fiber orientation as a nondestructive method. In the case of contemporary repair papers, the Japanese handmade paper exhibited a high anisotropy value, while the Korean handmade papers exhibited low anisotropy values. Korea and Japanese traditional hand making papers were well distinguished. Korea and Japanese papers made in the traditional ways showed its own characteristic orientation behavior in accordance with the motion of a bamboo wire.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.495-509
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• 2017

With the accuracy of the nonlinearity guaranteed, plenty of time and large memory space are needed when we solve the finite element numerical solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. In this paper, we use the Group Element Method (GEM) to deal with the non-linearity of the BBM-Burgers Equation with Conservation form and perform a numerical analysis for two particular initial-boundary value (the Dirichlet boundary conditions and Neumann-Dirichlet boundary conditions) problems with the Finite Element Method (FEM). Some numerical experiments are performed to analyze the error between the exact solution and the FEM solution in MATLAB.