• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2002년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.248-249
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• 2002

The gaseous molecular condensation retardation by laser excitation has been known, but with limited success. Condensation inhibition between the gas phase molecules by laser excitation was clearly shown in many experiments.(1)-(2) However, surface condensation inhibition of the excited molecules has been controversial for the last several decades.(3)-(4) In 1994, S. J, Sibener and Y. T. Lee published an experimental evidence of the internal energy dependence of the surface condensation of gaseous $SF_{6}$ and $CCl_4$ molecules. (omitted)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2009

The presence of a non-condensable gas can considerably reduce the level of condensation heat transfer. The non-condensable gas effect is a primary concern in some passive systems used in advanced design concepts, such as the Passive Residual Heat Removal System (PRHRS) of the System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor (SMART) and the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) of the Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR). This study examined the capability of the Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS) code to predict condensation heat transfer in a vertical tube containing a non-condensable gas. Five experiments were simulated to evaluate the MARS code. The results of the simulations showed that the MARS code overestimated the condensation heat transfer coefficient compared to the experimental data. In particular, in small-diameter cases, the MARS predictions showed significant differences from the measured data, and the condensation heat transfer coefficient behavior along the tube did not match the experimental data. A new method for calculating condensation heat transfer coefficient was incorporated in MARS that considers the interfacial shear stress as well as flow condition determination criterion. The predictions were improved by using the new condensation model.

• 건설안전기술
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• 통권41호
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• pp.88-101
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• 2007

Recently, the condensation of walls often occurring in domestic high-rise apartment buildings is an important problem. The main purpose of this study is to develop the prediction method for the surface condensation on curtain wall in high-rise apartment buildings. Therefore, in this study, we first analyzed exterior climate factors through the analysis of the Seoul climate data and predicted the change of indoor temperature by using Apache program to find the cause of the condensation state and to prevent condensation. Also, according to this result, exterior climate factors and interior factors, which caused the condensation, was examined. The thermal performance of the curtain wall and the range of potential condensation were analyzed to focus on high-rise apartment buildings through computer simulation programs. The results are as $follows;^1$) The frame edge of curtain wall has a higher U-value than in the center by $30%^2$) Because of stack effect, the rooms on the higher floor have a lower external ventilation rate resulting to a higher relative humidity3) Installing a ventilation system($20m^3$/h. person) makes it possible to have a higher external ventilation rate, resulting to a lower relative humidity.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.582-589
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 작동유체로서 습공기를 사용하였을때 수반되는 응축에 의한 전 압손실을 실험과 수치해석을 통하여 정체점에 있어서의 습공기의 온도, 과포화도 및 노즐 팽창율의 효과와 액적 질량비 (g)과의 관계로서 구명하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.2066-2077
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• 2003

The time-dependent behavior of unsteady condensation of moist air through the Ludwieg tube is investigated by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) work. The two-dimensional, compressible, Navier-Stokes equations, fully coupled with the condensate droplet growth equations, are numerically solved by a third-order MUSCL type TVD finite-difference scheme, with a second-order fractional time step. Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is employed to close the governing equations. The predicted results are compared with the previous experiments using the Ludwieg tube with a diaphragm downstream. The present computations represent the experimental flows well. The time-dependent unsteady condensation characteristics are discussed based upon the present predicted results. The results obtained clearly show that for an initial relative humidity below 30% there is no periodic oscillation of the condensation shock wave, but for an initial relative humidity over 40% the periodic excursions of the condensation shock occurs in the Ludwieg tube, and the frequency increases with the initial relative humidity. It is also found that total pressure loss due to unsteady condensation in the Ludwieg tube should not be ignored even for a very low initial relative humidity and it results from the periodic excursions of the condensation shock wave.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2002

R410A and R407C are considered to be alternative refrigerants to R22 for the air-conditioners. Experimental investigation is made to study the condensation heat transfer characteristics of slit fin-tube heat exchanger using alternative refrigerants R410A and R407C. R407C, a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, exhibited a quite different condensation phenomenon from those of R22 and R410A and its condensation heat transfer coefficient was much lower than that of R22 and R410A. Between the R22 and R410A, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of R410A, near-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, was a little higher than that of R22. R410A also showed the lowest condensation pressure drop across the test section. For all refrigerants, the condensation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increase as the mass flux increases.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2003

R410A and R407C are considered to be alternative refrigerants of R22 for the air-conditioners. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of the change of mass flow rate on the characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop in three row slit finned-tube heat exchanger for R407C, R410A and R22. R407C, a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, exhibited a quite different condensation phenomenon from those of R22 and R410A and its condensation heat transfer coefficient was much lower than that of R22 and R410A. On the other hand, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of R410A, near-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, was a little higher than that of R22. R410A also showed the lowest condensation pressure drop across the test section. For all refrigerants, the condensation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increase as the mass flux increases. The condensation heat transfer coefficient correlation proposed by Kedzierski shows the best agreement with the experimental data within $\pm$20%.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.402-409
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 이동물체의 궤적을 인식하기 위하여 Condensation 알고리즘을 이용하였고, 인식된 궤적을 추적하기 위해서 퍼지추론을 이용한 퍼지제어기를 사용하였다. Condensation 알고리즘은 사전분포(prior distributions)를 통해서 사후분포(posterior distributions)를 얻는 베이지안 조건확률(Bayesian conditional probabilities)을 기반으로 한다. 추적시스템은 요(raw)운동과 롤(roll)운동을 통해 3차원 공간을 추적한다. 추적 시스템으로는 2링크 매니플레이터를 사용하였고, 매니플레이터의 관절각 ${\theta}_1$은 $0^{\circ}$ 에서 $360^{\circ}$ 까지 회전할 수 있으며, 관절각 ${\theta}_2$는 $0^{\circ}$ 에서 $180^{\circ}$ 까지 회전할 수 있다. 속도를 가진 움직이는 물체 궤적을 Condensation 알고리즘을 이용하여 거의 에러 없이 인식함을 보였고, 추적 시스템으로 하여, 공간상에서 주어진 궤적에 대해 시뮬레이션를 통해 제안한 알고리즘의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2005

실시간 객체 추적(Real-time object tracking)은 비디오 감시 시스템, 비전 기반 네비게이터와 같은 비전 응용 산업이 발달하면서 그 중요성이 더해지고 있는 분야이다. 객체 추적을 위해 많이 이용되고 있는 알고리즘으로 Mean-shift와 Condensation 알고리즘이 있다. Mean-shift 알고리즘을 기반으로 한 객체 추적 알고리즘은 구현이 간단하고, 적은 계산 복잡도를 갖는 장점이 있다. 따라서 실시간 객체 추적 시스템에 적합하다고 할 수 있지만, 지역 모드(Local mode)로 수렴하는 특성으로 인해 복잡한 환경(Cluttered environment)에서는 좋은 성능을 나타내지 못하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 반면, 여러 개의 후보들을 이용해 객체의 위치를 추정하는 Condensation 추적 알고리즘은 복잡한 환경에서 특정 객체를 추적하는데 많이 사용된다. 하지만 Condensation 알고리즘을 기반으로 한 추적 알고리즘은 정확한 추적을 하기 위해서 복잡도가 높은 객체 모델과 많은 수의 후보가 요구된다. 따라서 높은 복잡도를 갖게 되고, 이것으로 인해 복잡한 환경에서는 실시간 구현이 어렵다는 단점을 갖게 된다. 본 논문에서는, 복잡한 환경에서 실시간 객체 추적에 적합하도록 Condensation 알고리즘과 Mean-shift 알고리즘을 결합해서, 적은 수의 후보들을 이용하는 모델을 제안한다. 적은 수의 후보들을 이용하더라도, Mean-shift 알고리즘을 이용해 보다 높은 유사도를 가지는 후보들만을 이용함으로써, Condensation 알고리즘이나 Mean-shift 알고리즘만을 이용할 때보다 더 나은 성능을 얻을 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Purpose: The current study analyzed trends in thermal insulation performance with aging, and condensation characteristics caused by the former. Method: Thermal insulation and condensation prevention performance of an architecture were assessed using Temperature Difference Ration Inside, or TDRi. Subjects of this quantitative analysis in thermal insulation performance change due to aging included recently constructed apartments and aged apartments older than 40 years. Time series comparison and analysis were conducted to observed changes in the thermal insulation performance and condensation characteristics. Result: Analysis showed that wall insulation performance degraded with aging regardless of fortified insulating material usage or insulating material type, which caused increased danger of condensation. In addition, when fortified insulating material was installed on the connection between the walls, insulation performance degradation was lower compared to cases in which fortified materials were not used. In all cases from 1 to 10, the rate of thermal insulation performance degradation increased after 20 years of aging.