• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 1999

거제도 노자산지역의 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위해 43개 조사구(각 조사구당 10m$\times$10m)를 거제휴양림 임도 주변과 노자산 북사면에 설정하고 식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생조사자료를 이용 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification과 DCA에 의한 ordinationqnstjr을 실시하였다. TWINSPAN분석과 DCA분석 결과 소사나무군집(군집I), 소나무군집(군집II), 졸참나무군집(군집(III), 고로쇠나무, 느티나무, 비목나무, 까치박달 등을 우점종으로 하는 낙엽활엽수군집(군집IV)의 4개 군집으로 분리되었다. 식물군집구조 분석 결과 노자산지역의 식생은 소나무$\longrightarrow$졸참나무군집$\longrightarrow$낙엽활엽수군집으로 생태적 천이가 이루어질 것으로 판단되었으며, 소사나무군집은 해발고도가 높고 건조한 지역에 나타나는 토지극상으로 판단되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.791-797
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• 1998

An attempt to clarify the landscape structure of urban areas was carried out on Mt. Hwangryung located in the center of Pusan, southern Korea. By means of aerial photographs and field survey, a vegetation map including land-use pattern was made. Landscape structure was described by analyzing the vegetation map. Landscape element types were classified into secondary forest, introduced plantation, and other elements including urbanized area. almus firma and Pinus thunbergii communities, introduced plantation elements, formed matrix and some secondary forest elements and the other artificial plantations of small scale tended to distribute as small patches in such matrix. The number of patches per unit area in secondary forest elements was more than that in introduced plantation element. The result on patech size was vice versa. As the results of landscape ecological analyses, it was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to artificial interference and those in sub-communities levels to natural process such as progression of succession. On the other hand, restoration plans in viewpoints of restoration and landscape ecology were suggested to improve ecological quality of Mt. hwangryung.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2024

This study aims to explore a biological interpretation of farming practices mentioned in 'Sallimgyeongje(山林經濟)', an agricultural literature published in late 18C, in order to substantiate its scientific practicality and suggest the sustainable direction of modern agriculture. First, the research revealed that weeds and pests were effectively controlled by interspecies interactions such as allelopathy, mutualism, and interplanting. Second, qualified seeds were selected without dependence on chemical treatments by using specific gravity and cold water immersion. Third, the literature proposed plowing methods based on the properties of the soil, which implicated an establishment of healthy landscape mosaic by imitating the succession and introducing the moderate disturbance. Fourth, the genotypes of 37 native rice varieties were speculated based on six phenotype standards, and some of them are expected to have high nutritional value and abiotic stress resistance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2012

This study presented the phytoplankton communities of the three lakes (Sayeon, Daeam, Hoeya ) using for drinking water in the Ulsan reservoir. The water storage of the Lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya were 25, 13, 21 million ton respectively and most of which were being utilized for industrial and residential purposes. The total precipitation of the Ulsan region in 2010 was 1,162 mm, decreasing 10 % from 1,275 mm of the annual. As for pollutant loads, BOD and TN discharge loads of Daeam was the highest with 3,277 kg/day, 1,931 kg/day and 90 % of them were came from non-point pollutant sources. TP discharge loads showed the highest in the lake Hoeya with 643 kg/day and 97 % of them were came from point sources as household, industry and livestock. We assessed water quality of the lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya using 17 variables. The water quality assessment found that the lake Daeam met the fourth to fifth grade because of high concentration of COD, SS and chlorophyll-a. Eutrophication assessment was conducted by revised Carlson's Index (TSIm, Aizaki) and found that Lake Daeam was more eutrophicated than the other two lakes all the year through as for chlorophyll-a, transparency and the total phosphorus (TP). A total of 95~111 phytoplankton species were identified from the three lake samples. Among them, the largest number of species were Chlorophyceae with 35~51, followed by Bacillariophyceae with 36~45, Cyanophyceae with 9~11, and Cryptophyceae with 6~9 species. The total cell number of phytoplankton was the highest in February (15,254 cells/mL) with Bacillariophyceae in the lake Daeam and the seasonal succession shows that Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the spring, Cyanophyceae (Anabaena spp.) in the summer and the autumn, Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the winter.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2013

The present Namgang Dam had been completed in 2000, Salix subfragilis communities began to form in 2003 and their distribution area have been rapidly extended into nine times in 2010. In order to deduce correlation between water level and distribution of Salix subfragilis communities under this background in Namgang-dam reservoir, distribution characteristics and widening direction of Salix subfragilis communities have been analyzed by aerial photographs and water levels has been reviewed, also heights and ages of Salix subfragilis have been surveyed in field. The water levels of Namgang-dam related germination of Salix subfragilis have been analyzed in May and June from 2000 to 2010, mean water level, minimum water level and maximum water level were 37.87m, 36.99m and 38.82m, respectively. The oldest ages were 9-13 years, average diameters of breast height, average heights, average numbers and average crown area were respectively 3.9-8.8cm, 3.8-7.5m, $0.53/m^2$ and $0.98m^2/m^2$ in sites. Therefore, this results showed that the first recruitment of Salix subfragilis was in May 2002 when water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m and the widening of Salix subfragilis communities was in May 2004 and 2005 when mean minimum water levels have been maintained as 38.76-41.31m. Salix subfragilis communities formed climax forest in Namgang-dam shore, this phenomena were different from the succession processes of Salix in rivers appeared landforming by deposition of sediment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2015

Ever since the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), the livestock death rate has increased owing to pathogenic bacterial infections. There is a need of developing AGP alternatives; however, the mechanisms by which AGP enhances livestock growth performance are not clearly understood. In this study, we fed 3-week-old swine for 9 weeks with and without AGPs containing chlortetracycline, sulfathiazole, and penicillin to investigate the effects of AGPs on swine gut microbiota. Microbial community analysis was done based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes using MiSeq. The use of AGP showed no growth promoting effect, but inhibited the growth of potential pathogens during the early growth stage. Our results showed the significant increase in species richness after the stabilization of gut microbiota during the post-weaning period (4-week-old). Moreover, the swine gut microbiota was divided into four clusters based on the distribution of operational taxonomic units, which was significantly correlated to the swine weight regardless of AGP treatments. Taxonomic abundance analysis indicated a negative correlation between host weight and the abundance of the family Prevotellaceae species, but showed positive correlation to the abundance of the family Spirochaetaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, and Peptostreptococcaeae species. Although no growth performance enhancement was observed, the use of AGP inhibited the potential pathogens in the early growth stage of swine. In addition, our results indicated the ecological succession of swine gut microbiota according to swine weight. Here, we present a characterization of swine gut microbiota with respect to the effects of AGPs on growth performance.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.241-255
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• 2020

Background: The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. Over the past 11 years (2009-2019), we observed a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Albongbunji Basin in Ulleungdo, South Korea in its stem exclusion stage, where Fagus engleriana (Engler's beech) is the dominant species, thereby analyzing the changes in the structure (density and size distributions), function (biomass and species richness), and demographics. Results: The mean stem density data presented a bell-shaped curve with initially increasing, peaking, and subsequently decreasing trends in stem density over time, and the mean biomass data showed a sigmoidal pattern indicating that the rate of biomass accumulation slowed over time. Changes in the density and biomass of Fagus engleriana showed a similar trend to the changes in density and biomass at the community level, which is indicative of the strong influence of this species on the changing patterns of forest structure and function. Around 2015, a shift between recruitment and mortality rates was observed. Deterministic processes were the predominant cause of tree mortality in our study; however, soil deposition that began in 2017 in some of the quadrats resulted in an increase in the contribution of stochastic processes (15% in 2019) to tree mortality. The development of horizontal heterogeneity was observed in forest gaps. Conclusions: Our observations showed a dramatic shift between the recruitment and mortality rates in the stem exclusion stage, and that disturbance increases the uncertainty in forest development increases. The minor changes in species composition are likely linked to regional species pool and the limited role of the life-history strategy of species such as shade tolerance and habitat affinity. Our midterm records of ecological succession exhibited detailed demographic dynamics and contributed to the improvement of an ecological perspective in the stem exclusion stage.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.206-217
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• 1987

서울의 남산자연공원(南山自然公園)의 식물군집구조(植物群集構造)를 분석하기 위하여 30개의 조사구(調査區)를 선정, 각 조사구에 $10{\times}10m$의 방형구(方形區) 5개씩을 설치 조사하였고, 또한 1978년과 1986년의 8년간의 식생군집변천(植生群集變遷)을 조사하기 위하여 17개 지점에 $5{\times}50m$의 "트란섹트"를 설치, 조사하였다. 남산(南山)의 현존식생(現存植生)의 비율은 아까시나무군집(群集) 29.39%, 신갈나무군집(群集) 21.25%, 소나무군집(群集) 17.58%이었다. 신갈나무림은 북사면(北斜面), 아까시나무림은 도로(道路) 등 시가지(市街地)와의 경계부(境界部), 소나무림은 동(東) 남사면(南斜面)에 주로 분포(分布)하였다. 녹지자연도(綠地自然度) 8, 7, 6의 비율은 각각 43.2, 7.8, 30.8%이었다. 남산삼림(南山森林)에서 소나무개체군(個體群)은 신갈나무, 팥배나무, 아까시나무, 산벚나무 등의 활엽수와의 경쟁에서 도태 되어 가고 있으며, 천이계열분석(遷移系列分析)에서도 소나무림은 신갈나무림으로 천이(遷移)가 진행되고 있었다. 지난 8년간의 식생구조(植生構造)의 변화(變化)는 종다양도(種多樣度)와 균재도(均在度)는 증가하였고, 우점도(優占度)는 감소(減少)하여, 하층(下層)의 종구성(種構成)이 다양(多樣)하여졌다. Raunkiaer 빈도계급(頻度階級)에서는 1986년이 1978년보다 A, E 급(級)이 증가하고, B 급(級)이 감소하여 남산(南山)의 식생(植生)은 동질화(同質化)되어 가고 있었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.934-940
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• 2012

본 연구는 경주국립공원 토함산지구 무장사지계곡의 서어나무 출현지역을 대상으로 서어나무군락의 식생구조를 밝히고 천이 극상림으로서 군락의 유지가능성을 살펴보고자 서어나무가 출현하는 지역에 한해서 서어나무의 우점도를 고려하여 $10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$ 조사구 16개소를 설치하여 조사하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락분류 결과 5개 군락으로 유형화되었는데, 아우점종의 종구성에 다소 차이가 있는 서어나무군락이 3개 유형이었으며 졸참나무군락, 졸참나무-서어나무군락이 각각 1개 유형이었다. 서어나무군락은 호습성 낙엽활엽수가 함께 나타나는 군락과 졸참나무가 함께 나타나는 군락, 여타의 낙엽활엽수가 함께 나타나는 군락으로 구분할 수 있었다. 종다양도지수는 0.4899~0.9490으로 나타났다. 군락별로 살펴보면 서어나무가 우점하는 군락은 서어나무군락으로의 지속이 예측되었으나, 서어나무와 졸참나무가 경쟁하고 있는 군락의 경우에는 서어나무의 세력이 현 상태를 유지하거나 축소될 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구결과 우리나라 온대중부지방에서 서어나무림을 극상림으로 판단하기 위해서는 보다 많은 조사자료의 분석이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2009

본 연구는 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 충청북도 충주시 노은면 보련산 일대의 삼림식생을 분류하고 그 환경조건을 해석할 목적으로 실시되었다. 삼림식생은 일본잎갈나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 소나무군락, 갈참나무군락, 졸참나무 군락, 굴참나무군락, 신갈나무-단풍취군집(신갈나무-철쭉나무군단, 신갈나무-당단풍군목, 신갈나무군강) 등 1개의 식재림군락, 5개의 이차림군락, 1개의 군집으로 구분되었다. 이들 각삼림군락에 대해 종조성과 인위적 영향, 고도, 경사, 지형, 토양의 화학성 등 생육지의 환경조건과의 관계를 해석하였다. 또 군락별로 생활형을 서로 비교하였다. 그 결과 신갈나무-단풍취군집은 식별된 군락 중 가장 안정된 군락으로 판단되었다. 한편 각 군락의 구성종의 우점도에 기본을 둔 집괴 분석의 결과는 식물사회학적 표조작에 의해 구분된 군락구분과 유사하게 나타났다. 진행적 천이가 계속된다면 이 지역의 우점군락은 잠재자연식생인 신갈나무-단풍취군집으로 이행될 것으로 추리되었다.