• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.719-722
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of fucosterol isolated from the marine algae Pelvetia siliquosa were investigated. Fucosterol exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication in rats. Fucosterol inhibited the sGOT and sGPT activities by 25.57 and 63.16%, respectively. Fucosterol showed the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities by 33.89, 21.56 and 39.24%, respectively, in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that fucosterol possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the hepatoprotective activities in rats.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 1992

The present study examined the effects of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication and aging on learning and memory deficit in young($5{\sim}8$ weeks) and aged($52{\sim}66$ weeks) mice, using the step down and step through passive avoidance failure techniques. We also investigated the effects of ginseng saponins on memory deficit. Significant decrease in memory registration, retention and retrieval function in young mice and decrease in memory registration and retention function in aged mice were observed. Normal young mice were apt to perform to a great degree of passive avoidance response than normal aged mice, but there was no difference between both groups by CO exposure. Administration of ginseng saponins showed an improvement on passive avoidance failure induced by CO exposure.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.299-303
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• 2004

The number of acute drug intoxication who visiting to emergency department which is located near urban and rural area concomitantly is inclined to increase slightly, The purpose of this study was the investigation of methods and strategies of management of acute drug intoxication in emergency department Clinical trials were done on 92 cases of acute drug intoxication visiting to Emergency Department of Chungnam National University Hospital during 4 months from April to July 2003. 1. The total number of acute drug intoxication during this period was 92 patients, which presented 0.95％ of all the emergency department visiting patients during the study. The intentional ingestions were observed in 84 cases (91.3％). 2. The maximal point of age distribution was 4th decade. The number of that was 21 cases (22.8％). 3. The number of patients who had ingested benzodiazepines and doxylamine succinates was 26 cases (28.2％), organophosphorus was 20 (21.7％), paraquat was 10 (10.8％), others were 36 (39.3％). 4. Five kinds of po1ydrug ingestion was observed in 3 cases, four kinds was observed in 3, three kinds was observed in 5 and co-ingestion of alcohol was observed in 28 cases (30.4％). 5. The mortality was occurred in 4 cases, 2 of them were caused by paraquat, 1 of them was caused by organophosphorus (OP), 1 of them was caused by acetic acid. 6. The gastric larvage as a mean of treatment modality was done in 57 cases (61.9％). The use of activated charcoal was done in 8 (8.69％). The maintenance of tracheal intubation was done in 6 (6.52％). 7. The mean observational period in emergency department was 8 hours 42 minutes in benzodiazepine and doxylamine succinate group, 21 hours 46 minutes in OP, 20 hours 39 minutes in other germicidal except OP, 23 hours 9 minutes in paraquat group. Without a drug information and intoxication center in Korea, We should minimize the exhaustion of medical resources by establishment of determinant criteria which can be seen in relatively less-complicated cases of acute drug intoxication. Thus, we should consider the introduction of simple toxicology treatment protocol and toxicologic observation unit in emergency department as possible means to reduce economical and social burdens.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.957-966
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• 2019

Carbon monoxide intoxication leads to hypoxia, which eventually leads to tissue ischemia. Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) can be a consequence and appears in the form of cognitive impairment and movement disorders after a lucid interval. A 58-year-old Korean male was admitted to our hospital with delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after an 11-day lucid interval following recovery from acute carbon monoxide intoxication. We treated him with herbal medication, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. The effects were assessed by the activity index and Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K) scores, and by changes in gait disturbance. In this case, the clinical symptoms, including gait disturbance, and the activity index and MMSE-K scores, improved after traditional Korean treatment. The findings of this case report suggest that traditional Korean medicine treatment can be effective for treatment of symptoms of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae due to CO intoxication.

• Korean Journal of Family Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.360-363
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• 2018

Background: Acute alcoholic intoxication patients (AAIP) are a common public health problem. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive laboratory analysis for these patients to investigate the co-morbid medical problem. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed laboratory findings of AAIP who were transferred to the emergency department (ED) from January 2017 to June 2017. Results: A total of 160 male patients were enrolled. Sixteen patients (16/160, 10.0%) and three patients (3/160, 1.9%) had macrocytic anemia and microcytic anemia, respectively. A total of 33 patients (33/160, 20.6%) showed thrombocytopenia ($<150{\times}10^9/L$). Twelve patients (12/159, 7.5%) showed low serum albumin level (<3.5 g/dL). Three patients (3/160, 1.9%) had chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 based on estimated glomerular filtration rate. Six patients (6/27, 22.2%) had high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (>7.0%). Positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen and antiHBs antibody (anti-HBs Ab) were 3.5% (5/141) and 49.0% (68/141), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with AAIP who were transferred to ED had various laboratory abnormalities (anemia, thrombocytopenia, high HbA1c). They had low positive rate of anti-HBs Ab. This might be a public health problem, suggesting the need of hepatitis B virus vaccination program for AAIP. Our data suggest the need of further nationwide studies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.106-110
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• 2004

The antioxidant activities of Acanthopanax senticosus stems were evaluated in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. The n-butanol fraction from the water extract of the stems, when pretreated orally at 200 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days in rats, was demonstrated to exhibit significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activities such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase by 30.31, 19.82 and 155%, respectively. The n-butanol fraction whereas showed a significant inhibition of serum GPT activity (65.79% inhibition) elevated with hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication. Eleutheroside B, a lignan component, isolated from the n-butanol fraction was found to cause a moderate free radical scavenging effection DPPH, its scavenging potency as indicated in $IC_{50}$ value, being 58.5$\mu$ M. These results suggested that the stems of A. senticosus possess not only antioxidant but also hepatoprotective activities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2008

Purpose: The hypnotic effect of zolpidem is comparable to benzodiazepines, but has less abuse and addiction potential than benzodiazepines, so is one of the most commonly prescribed hypnotics. The frequency of acute zolpidem overdose has increased, but clinical analysis and severity predictors are not known in Korea. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of histories, clinical courses, and laboratory findings of each patient treated from June, 2000, to May, 2006, in a university hospital for acute zolpidem intoxication. Results: We evaluated 30 patients, including 16 co-intoxication cases. Twenty-five patients presented mental alterations but became alert within 2 days. All patients recovered completely. The median zolpidem concentration was 0.9 mg/L (range: $0.2{\sim}7.4\;mg/L$). There was a weak correlation between the amount ingested and zolpidem concentration (r=0.25). None of them presented severe laboratory abnormalities, and these abnormalities did not relate to zolpidem concentration. Conclusion: The clinical progress of acute zolpidem intoxication is mild. We could not predict zolpidem concentration or clinical severity from the amount ingested and could not predict the clinical course from laboratory findings in the emergency department.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.384-394
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• 1990

We studied the effect of carbon monoxide(CO)-induced bypoxia on monoamine neurotransmitter and their syntheitc enzyme in rat brain. When the rats were acute or chronic intoxicated at CO 5000 ppm for 30 minutes or 2000 ppm for 1 week each 3 hours, dopamine content increased significantly with decreasing of its turnover in striatum and norepinephrine content was diminished in hypothalamus. 5-hydroxytryptamine content was increased significantly and its turnover was decreased both in striatum and hypothalamus. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was reduced in striatum. These results suggest that inhibition of TH activity in CO-induced hypoxia is owing to lack of oxygen supply threfore NE content is decreased. We suggest that increasing of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine are due to reduction of its turnover.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1107-1112
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• 2011

Over-consumption of alcohol leads to many side-effects such as malnutrition, liver disease, and neuronal disorders and many investigators have tired to identify methods for preventing the side-effects of drinking. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effect of a new food component, SAC-1, containing Hovenia dulcis Thumb and Lonicera caerulea Thumb extract against the side-effects of drinking. We observed that blood alcohol concentration, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, lipid peroxidation, and total glutathione level decreased significantly in plasma and liver of mice fed the SAC-1 extract before alcohol intoxication. In particular, SAC-1 had more of a protective effect than that of Hovenia dulcis Thumb extract alone. These results suggest that SAC-1 should further be developed to treat alcohol detoxification and stimulate antioxidative potentials.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.191.1-191.1
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of Acanthopanax senticosus stems were investigated. The n-BuOH fraction of A. senticosus stems exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by CCl$_4$-intoxication in rats. The n-BuOH fraction inhibited the sGPT activities by 65.79%. The n-BuOH fraction showed the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytoso1ic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by 30.31, 19.82 and 155%, respectively, in CCl$_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that the stems of A. senticosus possess not only the hepatoprotective, but also the anti-oxidant activities in rats.