• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-82
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not the increased availability of legalized gambling leads to increase in the prevalence of gambling-related problems, and the relationship between gambling behaviors and gambling-related problems and residents' perceptions of their own satisfaction with life among the residents who live at the location of casinos. Three casino communities, designated by a special law as run-down mining areas, were chosen for the survey research. One community consisted of two towns, Kohan and Sabuk in Chongsun county at which the casino is located. The other communities were Taeback city and other rural areas in Chongsun county. 559 samples from three communities completed self-administered questionnaires(gambling behavior participation, K-NODS, perceived impacts coward casino development, and scales of the satisfaction with life). Results were as follows; it was found that there was a positive relationship between gambling behaviors and gambling-related problems, and a negative relationship between gambling-related problems and the satisfaction with life. While residents who live Kohan and Sabuk community were likely to perceive negative impacts of the casino development, the residents in Taeback city were likely to perceive the casino development positively. It was found that the increased casino accessibility led co the increase in the gambling problems; the prevalence rates of pathological gambling in Kohan and Sabuk community were higher than both in Taebak city and in more rural areas in Chongsun county. The nagative impacts of legalized casino industry on community where the casino located were discussed.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

In the last five years, 45 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. CO poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of CO gas released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of CO alarm was made certain and suggested.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

Purpose: Alcohol ingestion enhances impulsivity and aggression, and has been proven to have a close relationship with suicide. This study investigates whether alcohol co-ingestion affects the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) grade in patients with intentional poisoning. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of intentional poisoning patients who visited the emergency department (ED) from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Patients were divided into non-drunken and drunken groups. We collected the data based on the medical records of the patients and serum ethanol level results recorded during initial blood tests at the ED. To grade the PSS, the highest score was assessed through clinical signs and test results during the hospital stay. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups. Results: A total of 277 patients were included in the study. 163 (58.8%) were in the non-drunken group, and 114 (41.2%) were in the drunken group. The PSS grade showed a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.002). While grade 1 (mild) was observed more in the non-drunken group, grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe) were seen more in the drunken group. In an ordinal logistic regression analysis, alcohol co-ingestion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.557, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.554-4.208, p<0.001) was considered to be a risk factor for a higher PSS grade. There was no significant correlation between the serum ethanol level and the PSS grade. (p=0.568) Conclusion: Intentional poisoning patients with alcohol co-ingestion had a higher PSS. Hence close observation and aggressive treatment in the ED is warranted in such cases.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

In recent years, in accordance with the rapidly increasing number of smartphone users, various social problems have started to occur. Examples of these problems are the overuse of smartphones and bad usage habits of smartphone users that can cause new social problems such as smartphone addiction and other smartphone related diseases. With the aim of preventing these social problems, this paper proposes a new smartphone addiction and disease prevention system. This system was developed by collecting and analyzing smartphone usage patterns. This proposed system analyzes the usage patterns and working hours of smartphone users in real time. If the detected smartphone usage patterns reach a dangerous level, the system will send warning messages to the user. This will enable users to recognize the unhealthy situation in advance by themselves. In addition, this solution could possibly prevent smartphone addiction and other smartphone related illness by preventing overuse and encouraging abstinence from using smartphones to the extent that it becomes harmful to the user.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.153-156
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• 1983

1950년(年) 이후(以後) 무연탄(無煙炭)으로 만든 연탄(煉炭)을 취사(炊事), 난방용(煖房用)으로 가정(家庭)에서 광범위(廣範圍)하게 사용(使用)하게 되면서 연탄(煉炭)가스내(內)의 일산화탄소(一酸化炭素)로 인(因)한 중독사고(中毒事故)가 빈발(頻發)하여 심각(深刻)한 국민보건(國民保健)의 문제(問題)가 되어왔다. 저자(著者)들의 실태조사(實態調査)(1975년도(年度))에 의(依)하면 서울특별시일원(特別市一圓)에 있어 일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 년간발생(年間發生)은 인구(人口), 10만당(萬當) 경증(輕症) 260명(名), 혼수상태(昏睡狀態)의 중증중독(重症中毒) 45명(名), 사망(死亡) 1명(名)으로 위험인구(危險人口)를 3,000만명(萬名)으로 하였을 때 전국적(全國的)으로 일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 추정발생수(推定發生數)는 년간(年間) 경증(輕症) 78만명(萬名), 중증(重症) 13만(萬) 5천명(千名), 사망(死亡) 3,000명(名)으로 그 피해(被害)의 규모(規模)가 100만을 육박(肉薄)하는 가공(可恐)할 수자(數字)를 보여주고 있다. 저자(著者)들은 이러한 심각(深刻)한 국민보건(國民保健)의 문제(問題)를 우선(于先) 실천가능(實踐可能)한 제이차예방(第二次豫防)에 역점(力點)을 두어 고압산소요법(高壓酸素療法)을 보급(普及)할 목적(目的)으로 일인용고압산소장치(一人用高壓酸素裝置)를 개발(開發)하고 1969년(年) 1월(月)에 서울대학교병원(大學校病院)에 고압산소치료실(高壓酸素治療室)을 개설(開設)하여 급성일산화탄소(急性一酸化炭素) 중독환자(中毒患者)에 대(對)한 응급치료(應急治療)를 실시(實施)하여 1978년(年)까지 10년간(年間)의 치료결과(治療結果)를 요약(要約)한바 다음과 같다. 1. 총치료환자수(總治療患者數)는 2,242명(名)이고 회복(回復)된 수(數)는 2,202명(名)으로 98.2%의 회복률(回復率)을 보였다. 2. 계절적(季節的)으로 10월(月)에서 4월(月)까지가 연중최성기(年中最盛期)이나 5월(月)에서 9월(月)까지도 적지않은 환자(患者)의 발생(發生)을 볼 수 있었다. 3. 연령별분포(年齡別分布)를 보면 15세(歲)${\sim}29$세군(歲群)이 전체환자(全體患者)의 반이상(半以上)인 52.7%를 차지하고 있고 $0{\sim}14$세군(歲群)은 인구비(人口比)에 대해 발생(發生)이 훨씬 적은 결과(結果)를 보이고 있다. 4. 도착시간별(到着時間別) 입원율(入院率)은 오전(午前) 10시이후(時以後) 도착군(到着群)서부터는 입원율(入院率)이 급증(急增)하는데 이는 병원도착(病院到着)이 늦일수록 당일회복(當日回復)이 되지못하고 입원가료(入院加療)하게 됨을 나타내주는 결과(結果)라 할 수 있다. 5. 병발증(倂發症)으로는 급성욕창, 폐렴(肺炎) 및 신경학적(神經學的) 이상등(異常等)의 소견(所見)을 많이 볼 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2868-2873
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• 2008

Carbon Monoxide(CO) poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. In the last five years, 36 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of incomplete combustion gas(CO) released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of carbon monoxide alarm was made certain and suggested.

• Journal of the Korean neurological association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.358-362
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• 2018

Delayed anoxic encephalopathy after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is characterized by neurological deterioration that occurs after recovery from acute CO intoxication. There has been no established therapy. We report a patient recovered from acute CO intoxication developed various neurological symptoms. After the administration of high dose prednisolone and anticholinesterase inhibitor, the therapeutic effect was remarkable and confirmed by quantitative analysis of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). DTI could be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect for delayed anoxic encephalopathy after CO poisoning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

We devised the system to automatically shutdown the boiler and to fundamentally block the harmful gases, including carbon monoxide, into the indoor when the exhaust system swerves: (1) The discharge pressure of the exhaust gas decreases when the exhaust pipe is disconnected. The monitoring system of the exhaust pipe is implemented by measuring the output voltage of APS(Air Pressure Sensor) installed to control the amount of combustion air. (2) The operating software was modified so that when the system recognizes the fault condition of a flue pipe, the boiler control unit displays the fault status on the indoor regulator while shutting down the boiler. In accordance with the ventilation facility standards in the "Rules for Building Equipment Standards" by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, experiments were conducted to ventilate indoor air. When carbon monoxide leaked in worst-case scenario, it was possible to prevent poisoning accidents. However, since 2013, the number of indoor air exchange times has been mitigated from 0.7 to 0.5 times per hour. We observed the concentration exceeding TWA 30 ppm occasionally and thus recommend to reinforce this criterion. In conclusion, if the flue pipe fault detection and the indoor air ventilation system are introduced, carbon monoxide poisoning accidents are expected to decrease significantly. Also when the manufacturing and inspection steps, the correct installation and repair are supplemented with the user's attention in missing flue, it will be served to prevent human casualties from carbon monoxide poisoning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-25
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• 2013

It may occur health hazards or death by suffocation or acute poisoning in case of oxygen deficiency in ambient or exposure to harmful gas. As a part of accident prevention, we studied the change of activity and lethal dose by changing the concentration of several hazardous gas with inhalation exposure chamber and laboratory animals. We investigated the lethality and motility change during either the 4 hrs whole body exposure to oxygen, nitrogen, toluene, $H_2S$, CO and 48 recovery. As results, it is estimated that 5% oxygen concentration as lethal concentration and 5.5% as $LC_{50}$ (rat, 4 hrs) with statistics for dose-response. The results of lethality in oxygen deficient condition (approximately 6%), the lethalities were 40%, 20% with 20 ppm $H_2S$, 600 ppm CO respectively, and was not increased the lethality with 8% CO. Thus, it was confirmed that the $H_2S$, CO had influence to lethal dose, while toluene had low fluence.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2006

Purpose: It is not easy to detect carbon monoxide (CO) leakage, and CO-intoxicated patients do not show a specific set of symptoms. The aims of this study are to clinically evaluate patients with CO gas intoxication from a CO leak at an underground shopping center, and to discuss the establishment of a disaster prevention plan. Methods: A total of 51 patients intoxicated by CO gas exposure in a gas disaster at a underground shopping center in Seoul on September 8, 2006 were enrolled in this study, and the patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean patient age was $29.4{\pm}6.3$. The initial mean COHb level was $14.98{\pm}6.97%$. The number of patients with COHb greater than 25% was three, and six patients experienced a syncopal attack. Only one patient-was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. However, none of the patients complained of severe neurologic or cardiovascular symptoms. Conclusion: The symptoms of CO intoxication are non-specific and difficult to define, and the detection of CO leak-age is difficult. Thus, workplaces should be equipped with leakage sensors and automatic alarm systems and should have develop disaster prevention plans.