• 공업화학
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.312-316
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 원시 활성탄에 질산을 이용한 산 처리 또는 LiOH를 첨착한 후, 이에 대한 이산화탄소의 흡착 특성을 수분의 공존 유, 무 상태에서 고정층 파과 실험을 통해 평가하였다. 질산 처리 및 LiOH 첨착에 따른 활성탄의 표면 성상 및 물리, 화학적 특성은 SEM, EDS, 질소 흡착, FTIR, XRD를 이용하여 고찰하였다. 질산 처리로 인해 원시 활성탄의 비표면적은 감소하였지만 활성탄 표면에서 산소 함량은 증가하였으며, 질산의 산화 반응으로 활성탄 표면에 탄소 및 산소 외에 질소를 포함한 새로운 관능기가 생성되었다. LiOH 첨착으로 인한 비표면적의 감소 폭은 질산 처리한 활성탄이 원시 활성탄에 비해 작게 나타났다. LiOH를 2 wt% 이상으로 첨착하면 상당 부분의 LiOH가 활성탄 세공 내부에 들어가지 못하고 외부 표면에 존재하였다. 고정층 파과 실험을 통해 질산 처리 및 LiOH 첨착량 증가에 따라 활성탄의 이산화탄소 흡착 성능은 향상되었다. 또한 공급가스 내에 수분이 공존함에 따라 이산화탄소 흡착량이 증가하였다. LiOH가 첨착된 활성탄에서 이산화탄소 흡착 후 LiOH는 화학반응에 의해 $Li_2CO_3$로 전환함을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.365-369
• /
• 2018

We perform density functional theory calculations to study the CO and $O_2$ adsorption chemistry of Pt@X core@shell bimetallic nanoparticles (X = Pd, Rh, Ru, Au, or Ag). To prevent CO-poisoning of Pt nanoparticles, we introduce a Pt@X core-shell nanoparticle model that is composed of exposed surface sites of Pt and facets of X alloying element. We find that Pt@Pd, Pt@Rh, Pt@Ru, and Pt@Ag nanoparticles spatially bind CO and $O_2$, separately, on Pt and X, respectively. Particularly, Pt@Ag nanoparticles show the most well-balanced CO and $O_2$ binding energy values, which are required for facile CO oxidation. On the other hand, the $O_2$ binding energies of Pt@Pd, Pt@Ru, and Pt@Rh nanoparticles are too strong to catalyze further CO oxidation because of the strong oxygen affinity of Pd, Ru, and Rh. The Au shell of Pt@Au nanoparticles preferentially bond CO rather than $O_2$. From a catalysis design perspective, we believe that Pt@Ag is a better-performing Pt-based CO-tolerant CO oxidation catalyst.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.576-580
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 plate-type의 $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ SCR 촉매의 열적 비활성화 특성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 plate type의 촉매를 $500{\sim}800^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 3 h 동안 열처리하였다. 촉매의 특성 변화를 고찰하기 위하여 XRD, $N_2$ adsorption-desorption에 의한 비표면적과 기공특성, SEM-EDS 등을 측정하였으며, 열처리 온도에 따른 NOx 전환율을 측정하였다. NOx 전환율은 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데 $700^{\circ}C$ 이상인 경우에 크게 감소하였다. 이는 $TiO_2$의 결정상이 anatase에서 rutile로 변하고, $TiO_2$의 입성장 및 $CaWO_4$와 같은 결정상이 생성되어 촉매의 비표면적과 기공부피가 감소하였기 때문이다. 또한 $700^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 촉매 활성물질인 $V_2O_5$가 승화/기화되었으며, 촉매의 담지체로 사용되는 금속 지지체는 Cr 탄화물 형성에 따른 입계 부식과 산화가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.191.2-191.2
• /
• 2014

Cu/ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ is widely used methanol synthesis catalyst at elevated pressures P (50 to 100 bar) and temperatures T (473 to 573 K) using $CO_2$, CO, $H_2$ syngas mixture. Although Cu step and planar defects have been regarded as active sites in this catalyst, detailed $CO_2$ hydrogenation procedure has been still unknown and debated as well as initial intermediate. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of $CO_2$ hydrogenation on Cu(111) model surface at P (1 bar) and T (298 to 450 K) using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Two distinct formates by hydrogenation of $CO_2$, on step and on terrace, show different behavior with elevating temperature. The peak intensity of on step formate was continuously decreased above 360 K up to 450K in contrast to the increase of on terrace formate. These phenomena are strong possibilities that the formate is initial intermediate and is desorbed by hydrogenation reaction because thermal desorption temperature of formate (~470 K) is much higher than desorption of on step formate. And the formate production peak of on step site was weakly correlated with CO formation.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.591-599
• /
• 2019

To convert sewage sludge to energy, drying-gasification characteristics during microwave heating were studied. During the gasification of carbon dioxide, the main products were gas, followed by char, and tar in terms of the amount. The main components of the producer gas were carbon monoxide and hydrogen including a small amount of methane and light hydrocarbons. They showed a sufficient heating value as a fuel. The generated tar is gravimetric tar, which is total tar. As light tars, benzene (light aromatic tar) was a major light tar. Naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene (light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tars) were also generated, but in relatively small amounts. Ammonia and hydrogen cyanide (precursor for NO_x) were generated from thermal decomposition of tar containing protein and nitrogen in sewage sludge. In the case of sludge char, its average pore diameter was small, but specific area, pore volume, and adsorption amounts were relatively large, resulting in superior adsorption characteristics.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.436-442
• /
• 2017

Fischer-Tropsch 합성(F-T 합성)은 석탄, 바이오매스, 천연가스 등을 개질하여 얻은 합성 가스(CO, $H_2$)를 촉매를 이용하여 탄화수소로 전환 하는 기술이다. Fischer-Tropsch 합성에 이용되는 촉매는 활성 금속, 조촉매, 지지체로 구성되는데 이들의 종류와 조성은 반응의 활성 및 생성물 선택도에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$와 $SiO_2$ 혼합 지지체의 조성이 Fiscsher-Tropsch 반응의 활성과 생성물 선택도에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기위해, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ 혼합 지지체를(100/0 wt%, 75/25 wt%, 50/50 wt%, 25/75 wt%, 0/100 wt%) 이용하여 함침(impregnation)법으로 철 촉매를 제조하였다. 촉매의 물리적 특성은 질소 물리 흡착 법과 X-선 회절 분석법을 통해 분석 하였고, 고정층 반응기에서 Fischer-Trosch 반응을 $300^{\circ}C$, 20bar에서, 60시간 동안 수행 하였다. 촉매의 물리적 특성 분석 결과 촉매의 BET 표면적은 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 조성이 감소함에 따라 감소하였으며, 촉매 기공의 부피 및 평균 크기는 지지체 조성이 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ (50/50 wt%)인 경우를 제외 하고 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, X-선 회절 분석법을 통해 ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$의 입자 크기를 계산한 결과 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 조성이 감소함에 따라 입자 크기가 감소 하였다. Fischer-Tropsch 합성 결과 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 조성이 감소함에 따라 CO 전환율은 감소 하였으며, C1-C4의 선택도는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 조성이 25 wt%일 때 까지 감소하였으며 이와 반대로, C5+의 선택도는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 조성이 25 wt%일 때 까지 증가 하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.703-706
• /
• 2012

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2011

The oxyfluorination effects of activated carbon nanofibers (OFACFs) were investigated for $CO_2$ storage. Electrospun CFs were prepared from a polyacrylonitrile/N,N-dimethylformamide solution via electrospinning and heat treatment. The electrospun CFs were chemically activated in order to generate the pore structure, and then oxyfluorination was used to modify the surface. The samples were labeled CF (electrospun CF), ACF (activated CF), OFACF-1 ($O_2:F_2$ = 7:3), OFACF-2 ($O_2:F_2$ = 5:5) and OFACF-3 ($O_2:F_2$ = 3:7). The functional group of OFACFs was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The C-F bonds formed on surface of ACFs. The intensities of the C-O peaks increased after oxyfluorination and increased the oxygen content in the reaction gas. The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of OFACFs were calculated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and density functional theory equation. Through the $N_2$ adsorption isotherm, the specific surface area and pore volume slightly decreased as a result of oxyfluorination treatment. Nevertheless, the $CO_2$ adsorption efficiency of oxyfluorinated ACF improved around 16 wt% due to the semi-ionic interaction effect of surface modificated oxygen functional groups and $CO_2$ molecules.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제32권9호
• /
• pp.3348-3354
• /
• 2011

Oleanolic acid (OA) as template molecule, polyamide-6 (PA6) as basement membrane and poly(styrene-comaleic acid) (PSMA) were used to prepare PA6/PSMA-OA molecularly imprinted composite membranes by phase inversion method in supercritical $CO_2$ ($ScCO_2$). The template molecule (OA), [poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMAH), PSMA, molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) imprinting OA and MIMs after elution were all characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The conditions that were the mass ratio between PSMA and OA from 3:1 to 8:1, temperature of $ScCO_2$ from $35^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ and pressure of $ScCO_2$ 12 MPa to 17 MPa were studied. It was obtained the largest adsorption rate and purity of OA after adsorption of the resultant MIMs, 50.41% and 96.15% respectively. After using PA6 film and non-woven fabrics as basement membrane respectively, it was found that smaller aperture of PA6 was used as basement membrane, a higher adsorption rate and a higher purity of OA after adsorption of the MIMs were obtained, and so were the stability and reproducibility of the resultant MIMs. After template molecules being removed, the MIMs had effective selectivity hydrogen bonding to separately bind in the binary components to the template molecules-oleanolic acid.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.921-928
• /
• 2004

The photocatalytic decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) was studied using immobilized $TiO_2$ and fluidized bed reactor. Immobilized $TiO_2$(length: 1$\~$2 mm, width: 1$\~$3 mm, thickness: 0.5$\~$2 mm) onto silicone sealant was employed as the photocatalyst and a 30 W germicidal lamp was used as the light source and the reactor volume was 4.8 L. The effects of parameters such as the amounts of photocatalyst, initial concentration, initial pH, superficial velocity, $H_2O_2$ and anion additives. ($NO_3^{-},\;SO_4^{2-},\;Cl^{-},\;CO_3^{2-}$) The results showed that the optimum dosage of the immobilized $TiO_2$ were 87.0 g/L. Initial removal rate of RhB of the immobilized $TiO_2$ was 1.5 times higher than that of the powder $TiO_2$ because of the adsorption onto the surface of immobilized $TiO_2$ In the conditions of acidic pH, initial reaction rate was increased slowly and reaction time was shorted. The effect of anion type on the reaction rate was not much.