• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.527-538
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the Data of Continuing Nursing Education(CNE) in Seoul from 2008 to 2012. The subjects were collected from the data of Seoul Nurses Association. Descriptive statics, t-test, ANOVA were performed using SPSS 12.0 program for a total of 165,759 subjects' data. The number of continuing education recipients increased about 28% by the year of 2012. Over 50% of subjects worked at advanced hospitals and about 80% of subjects received education in self-developed program type. According to years since licensed, more than half(55.5%) of the subjects were under 7 years since licensed, followed by 4-6years since licensed(18.5%), 2-3years since licensed(16.2%), and 1year since licensed(9.7%). This study showed significant differences in contents, continuing education programs, workplace, type of continuing education. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying current trends of continuing education for nurses and provide fundamental data for developing continuing nurses education.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

Groundwater flow in confined aquifer and heat transport in underground geologic media are using same governing equation(line source) like well fuction. Therefore the conventional slope method using only later data obtained from in-situ thermal response test to determine the thermal conductivity of vertical geothermal heat exchanger(GHEX) is basically identical with one of Theis straight line method of aquifer test under artesian condition. In case that the pumping rate(Q, $m^3$/d) and drawdown(s,m) which are used for input data of existing hydrogeologic computer programs for aquifer test are replaced and converted to supplying heat energy per unit length of bore hole(Q/L,w/m or Kcal/h.m) and temperatures (T,$^{\circ}C$)measured at in and out-let of GHEX as in put data respectively, thermal conductivity around geothermal heat exchanger can be easily estimated without any special modification of the existing hydrogeologic computer program. Two numbers of time series temperature variation data obtained from in situ geothermal response test are analized using Theismethods(standard curve and straight line method) by using existing aquifer test program and conventional Slope method proposed by ASHRAE. The results show that thermal conductivity values estimated by two straight methods are identical and the difference of estimated values between standard curve methods and Slope method are also within acceptable ranges. In general,the thermal conductivity estimated from Theis straight linemethod gives more accurate value than the one of Slope method due to that Slope method uses only visual matching otherwise Theis method uses automatic curve matching estimation with reducing RSS.