• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2019

Objectives: This study analyzes the electronic medical record (EMR) data of the spine specialist oriental hospital and clinic in various regions, and reports the actual number and used cases of Chuna therapy. Methods: 2,470,772 data was extracted retrospectively from electronic medical records of all inpatients and outpatients who were treated chuna therapy at 21 Korean medicine hospitals and clinics from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The characteristics of medical treatment using chuna therapy reflect the minimum, maximum and average values of the number of hospitalized patients, length of hospitalization, frequency of hospitalization, number of outpatients, frequency of treatment and frequency of visit. Diseases were classified in the proportion of Chuna treatment according to the KCD, 7th edition. The chuna and blindness charts were derived accordingly from illness and disease of each part of the body. Results: During the study period, a total 1,342,022 inpatients and outpatients visited the study sites. The male proportion was a little higher than the females' (male: 53.7%, female: 46.3%). According to age, the 30s and 40s were more than half the total(30s: 33.0% and 40s: 20.1%). Chuna therapy was treated to more outpatients than hospitalized patients (outpatient: 83.6%, hospitalization: 16.4%), and most treatments were related to musculoskeletal illness(99.06%). Conclusions: As a result of this study, 1,342,389 chuna therapy was performed in 21 hospitals for one year. As highly demanded by the public, we look forward to ensuring national health care options and medical access when health insurance for chuna therapy is applied beginning March 2019.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.245-261
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• 2000

Based on the literature, status and role the music therapist in America was reviewed for this study. The process of developing a music therapy program in America suggests to us many things: In America, music therapists have sustained a mutually beneficial status with their clients for, over fifty years. Excellence in academic education and clinical training enable music therapists to continue to provide quality music therapy. The magnitude of change in to music therapy in the United States, however creates the challenge of providing real access to music therapy continues in the future. Music therapy is the use of music in the accomplishment of therapeutic aims: the restoration, maintenance, and improvement of mental and physical health. Music therapists work with individuals of all ages who require special services due to behavioral. social. learning, or physical disabilities. Employment may be in hospitals, clinics, day care facilities, schools, community mental health centers, substance abuse facilities, nursing homes, hospices, rehabilitation centers, correctional facilities, or private practices. The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) was founded in 1998 as a result of a union between the American Association for Music Therapy (founded in 1971) and the National Association for Music Therapy(founded in 1950). Music therapists are highly qualified professionals who have completed approved degree programs and had clinical training in order to receive Board Certification(MT-BC), with the designation of Registered, Certified, or Advanced Certified Music Therapist(RMT. CMT - or ACMT). AMTA provides several mechanism for monitoring the quality of music therapy programs: Standards of Practice. a Code of Ethics, a system for Peer Review, a Judical Review Board, and an Ethics Board. According to the results of this study, the suggestions were as follows: 1. It is concluded that music therapy as a nursing intervention can be effective for the clients. 2. It is a great challenge to develope a music therapy program for nursing intervention however, it is also task and responsibility to further the development of nursing.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.130-140
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• 1990

A field test using Nophazin (drying off period therapeutics) was done from May, 1989 to October, 1989. 299 quarters of 75 cows from 28 herds were tested. The results were summarized as follows. 1. At the day 7 after parturition, CMT-was 81.60%, clots were removed perfectly, removal rate of hard, hot, pain was 99.6%, only one hard 0.35% was maintained. Recovery rate of general symptoms was 100%. 2. Recovery rate in Nophazin treatment was 100% in Micro-coccus SPP, Corynebacterium SPP, and unisolated, 97.06% in Enterobacterid SPP, 95.58% in Staphylococcus SPP, 91.67% in other Bacilli, 89.19% in Streptococcus SPP, Overall recovery rate was 95.32%, And fungi did not react. 3. The ratio of isolated microorganisms was Staphylococcus SPP 49.8%, Streptococcus SPP 16.3%, Enterobacteria SPP 15.0%, Micrococcus SPP 7.9% Corynebacterium SPP 4.4%, Pseudomonas SPP 2.6%, Bacilli 2.6% and Fungi 1.3%. 4. The range of sensitivity of each microorganism to therapeutics is as follow : Staphylococcus SPP 61.1∼94.7%, Streptococcus SPP 51.4∼91.9%, Micrococcus SPP 44.4∼94.4%, Corynebacterium SPP 70∼80%, Enterobacteria SPP 11.8∼88.2%, and other Gram negative bacilli 8.3∼83.3%. Overall sensitivity was in the range of 50.4∼92.0%, Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity (80∼94.7%) to Nophazin. 5. New intramammary infection rate was 3.96% (9 strains) at paturition, 8.37% (19 strains) at the day 7 after paturition. Persistent organism wits 6.17% .(14 strains). 6. There was no side effect of Nophazin treatment.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1985

To probe the subclinical mastitis in a herd of cows in Chonnam district, the electrical conductivity(EC) of 825 foremilk samples were measured for 2 years. Normal (n=487) and mastitic(n=110) foremilk samples were classified by the California mastitis test (CMT) and direct somatic cell count(DSCC) and investigated the relations between the changes of the EC value and the calving history, age, days of postpartum, estrus and causative organism isolated. Obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. In the normal foremilk samples, positive correlation, though not significant, was found between the EC value and calving history (r=0.573) and age (r=0.247). 2. In the normal foremilk samples, the EC values were lowered at 30～120 days of postpartum through the whole lactation period and revealed a tendencies to higher values following the day of postpartum increased untill to the drying off (r=0.823), and the days of postpartum was recognized as one of a influencing factor on the EC value(p<0.05). 3. In the mastitic foremilk samples, significant correlation between EC value and resazurin reduction test (RRT) were observed (r=0.904, p<0.05). 4. In the mastitic foremilk samples, EC values were obtained in the E. coli infection as 63.9mM-NaCl, in the Streptococcus spp. infection as 60.5mM-NaCl and in the Staphylococcus spp. infection as 57.0mM-NaCl. 5. At day 0 of estrus, the mean EC values of normal and mastitic foremilk samples were 41.2mM-NaCl and 68.3mM-NaCl respectively and the EC value of day 0 of estrus was higher than that of days before and after estrus.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.619-634
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• 2002

배 경 : Matrix metalloproteinase(MMPs), 특히 주로 염증세포에서 분비되는 MMP-9은 여러 가지 급성폐손상 모델 및 급성호흡곤란증후군 환자에서 증가하고, 최근에는 주기적인 물리적 스트레스가 폐포대식세포 및 결체조직세포에서 MMP-9의 생성 및 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기계환기로 인한 백서의 급성폐손상에서 MMP-9의 발현 및 MMP 억제제(MMPI)의 효과에 대해서 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : Sprague-Dawley 백서를 적은 일호흡량(tidal volume, $V_T$)과 적절한 호기말양압(positive end-expiratory pressure, PEEP)을 적용한 LVT군과 많은 일호흡량과 PEEP을 적용하지 않은 HVT군 및 동일한 조건에서 MMPI를 투여한 HVT+MMPI의 세 군으로 나누어 실험하였다. MMPI로는 CMT-3(chemically modified tetracycline-3)를 기계환기 3일 전부터 구강으로 투약하였다. 폐손상의 정도는 습건중량비와 급성 폐손상지수로 측정하였고, MMP-9의 발현은 면역조직화학염색으로 고찰하였다. 결 과 : 습건중량비, 급성 폐손상지수 및 MMP-9의 발현이 HVT 군에서 다른 두군에 비하여 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), HVT+MMP군에서 HVT군에 비하여 폐손상의 정도 및 MMP-9의 발현이 현저하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결과적으로 MMPI의 투여가 MMP-9의 발현을 저하시킴으로써 기계환기로 인한 폐손상의 정도를 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 관찰되었다 결 론 : 많은 일호흡량과 PEEP을 적용치 않은 기계환기는 폐조직에서 MMP-9의 발현을 유의하게 증가시켜 폐손상을 유발하고, MMPI는 MMP-9의 작용을 억제함으로써 기계환기로 인한 폐손상의 정도를 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical application status in papers related to Chuna Manual Therapy after musculoskeletal disorder surgery. Methods : We searched 6 electronic databases(RISS, DBpia, KISS, NDSL, OASIS, Pubmed) and 2 associated journals (Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine for Spine & Nerves, Korean Medicine Rehabilitation). We classified the papers by related musculoskeletal region and analyzed them in detail. Results : 1. Of the 24 papers included in the final analysis list, 13 were carried out for fascia and 18 for joints. 2. There were positive effects on the improvement of symptoms, including the relief of pain in patients, and there were no cases of severe side effects and adverse events. 3. Thus, CMT can be used as a safe and effective treatment if a skilled practitioner makes proper use of the follow-up procedure based on accurate judgment of the patient's postoperative condition. Conclusions : Through this paper, we expect that there will be active research on the clinical applications of Chuna Manual Therapy in Korean rehabilitation treatment after musculoskeletal disorder surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2003

배경 : 본 연구에서는 세균성 리포다당질(lipopolysac-charide, LPS)로 인한 호중구성 염증이 EGFR 시스템을 통해서 배상 세포의 이형성 및 점액의 과다 분비를 유발할 것이라는 가설 하에, LPS와 MMPs 억제제(matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, MMPI)를 투여한 후 EGFR 및 MMP-9의 발현을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : Pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley 를, 다양한 농도의 LPS를 투여한 군과 투여하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 기도의 조직학적인 변화를 날짜 별로 관찰하였고, MMPI(CMT-3)를 LPS 투여 3일 전부터 매일 구강을 통해 섭식시켰다. 호중구의 침윤은 다섯 개의 고배율 시야에서 관찰된 호중구의 수로 정량화하여 비교하였고, mucus glycoconjugate에 대한 AB/PAS 염색 및 MUC5AC, EGFR, MMP-9에 대한 면역조직화학 염색 (immunohistochemical stain)을 시행하였다 결과 : LPS를 투여한 경우 기도 상피의 AB/PAS 및 MUC5AC의 염색 정도는 시간 및 용량 의존적으로 증가하였고, MMPI를 치료할 경우에 LPS로 인한 배상세포의 과형성이 유의하게 감소하였다. LPS를 주입할 경우 호중구의 침윤이 증가하였고 기도 상피에서 EGFR의 발현을 증가시켰다. MMPI로 치료할 경우 LPS로 인한 호중구의 침윤 및 EGFR의 발현 그리고 배상세포의 과형성이 현저하게 감소되었다. 결론 : Matrix metalloproteinase는 호중구성 염증 및 EGFR에 의해 발생하는 LPS에 의한 배상 세포의 과형성 및 점액 과다분비의 기전에 있어서 밀접하게 관련되고, 따라서 점액 과다분비를 특징으로 하는 세균 감염으로 인한 기도 질환의 치료에 있어서 MMPI가 잠재적인 임상적 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1992

The bioequivalence of two commercial choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) tablets was evaluated in 10 normal male subjects (age 21-27 yr, mean 23 yr) following single oral administrations of two products. Test product was $Trimax^{\circledR}$ tablet (Hyundai Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd., Korea) and reference product was $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ tablet (Purdue Frederick, U.S.A.). Both products contained 500 mg salicylate. In the study, ten volunteers were administered one tablet of $Trimax^{\circledR}$ or $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ with randomized two period cross-over study. The pharmacokinetic parameters of two products were statistically compared using Student's t-test and ANOVA. When Student's t-test was applied, mean area under the curves (AUC) of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ and $Trimax^{\circledR}$ were $388.88{\pm}74.99\; {\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$ and $390.63{\pm}63.02\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$ hrlm!, respectively, which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean peak concentrations $(C_{max})$ and mean times to peak $(T_{max})$ of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ and $Trimax^{\circledR}$ were $71.1{\pm}12.2$ and $72.9{\pm}10.7\;{\mu}g/ml$, and $72{\pm}33$ and $57{\pm}36min$, respectively, which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean terminal phase half-lives $(t_{l/2ter})$ of the two products were $2.57{\pm}0.47$ and $2.43{\pm}0.40$ hr, and also they were not significantly different (p>0.05). When ANOVA was applied, the parameters of the two products were not also significantly different each other. Based on the above results, it has been concluded that the bioavailability of $Trimax^{\circledR}$ tablet was not significantly different from that of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ tablet.