• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 1986

Effects of vinblastine(VLB) and vincristine(VCR) on cell-mediated immunity(CMI) were studied with the microcytotoxicity test(MCT) after normal or pre-sensitized Balb/c mice had been treated in vivo with a combination of two different doses of VLB or VCR(single dose of 20% and 60% $LD_{50}$, i.p.) at different times (from day -6 to day +4) plus allo-transplantation antigen(allo-TA, cells from C3H mice at day 0). The results were that $LD_{50}$ of VLB for female Balb/c mouse was 7.3mg/kg body weight (i.p.) and $LD_{50}$ of VCR was 4.3mg/kg body weight and that VLB and VCR acted as immunosuppressive agents on the primary CMI when administered after allo-TA(antigen-drug-phase), but showed no effect when administered prior to allo-TA(drug-antigen-phase). Change of doses of VLB and VCR(20% $LD_{50}$, 60% $LD_{50}$) caused quantitative or qualitative variations in the immunomodulating effects of these two drugs. Neither VLB nor VCR had any immunomodulating effect on the secondary CMI. Lastly, the results support that the four parameters (type of drug, sensitization status, time of drug treatment in relation to antigen injection, and drug dosis) are significant for the effects of the VLB and VCR on the CMI, and that VLB and VCR may inhibit the proliferation of antigen-stimulated T effector lymphocytes but not memory-cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-177
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• 2011

Nowadays, a capital flow and intimacy of financial system among countries have been increasing in global financial environment. So it is easily possible that the risk of some countries which are in financial crisis infects other countries in the world. A recent global financial crisis reminds countries in East Asia of advancing the financial cooperation as well as financial integration. Countries in East Asia agreed with the Chiang Mai Initiative to prevent a recurrence of financial crisis in East Asia. A bilateral swap arrangement of the CMI has several purposes in order to offer foreign currency liquidity against economic crisis, remove the opportunity cost of foreign exchange reserve, push ahead the financial integration, increase the export-import logistics and so on. This paper analyzes the effect of financial cooperation in East Asia on the export-import logistics with random effect estimation and fixed effect estimation. As a result, each of country in East Asia is able to increase almost 10.3% of the export-import logistics on average.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.64.1-64.1
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• 2019

The first high-resolution spectroscopic and new multiband photometric observations of the semi-detached Algol type binary XZ CMi were performed at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) and the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO), respectively. A total of 34 spectra were obtained using the 1.8 m reflector of the BOAO equipped with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph to construct the radial velocity (RV) curves of the eclipsing pair. New BVRI photometric light curves were also covered by using the SOAO 61cm reflector and a CCD camera. A detailed analysis of all eclipse timings shows that the orbital period of XZ CMi has varied in an upward parabolic variation superposed on a sinusoidal oscillation with a period of 38.0 yr and a semi-amplitude of 0.0071 days. From the spectral analysis, the effective temperature and the projected rotational velocity of the primary component were determined to be T_eff,1 = 7387±161 K and v₁sini = 122±6 km s^-1, respectively. Our simultaneous synthesis of the double-lined RV and BVRI light curves gives the reliable system parameters of XZ CMi with a mass ratio (q) of 0.314, an orbital inclination (i) of 81.9 deg and a large temperature difference (∆T) of 2481 K. The individual masses and radii of both components are M₁ = 1.91±0.08M_⊙, M₂ = 0.60±0.02M_⊙, R₁ = 1.60±0.02R_⊙, R₂ = 1.13±0.02R_⊙, respectively. Although the primary component is located inside the δ Sct and γ Dor instability strips, no evidence of pulsation in the system was detected. The possible evolutionary status of XZ CMi is discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to classify elderly in long-term care hospitals for using Resource Utilization Group(RUG-III) and to consider feasibility of payment method based on RUG-III classification system in Korea. Method: This study designed by measuring resident characteristics using the Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set(RAI-MDS) and staff time. The data were collected from 382 elderly over sixty-year old, inpatient in the five long-term care hospitals. Staff time was converted into standard time based on the average wage of nurse and aids. Result: The subjects were classified into 4 groups. The group of Clinically Complex was the largest(46.3%), Reduced Physical Function(27.2%), Behavior Problem(17.0%), and Impaired Cognition(9.4%). The average resource use for one resident in terms of care time(nurses, aids) was 183.7 minutes a day. Relative resource use was expressed as a case mix index(CMI) calculated as a proportion of mean resource use. The CMI of Clinically Complex group was the largest(1.10), and then Reduced Physical Function(0.93), Behavior Problem(0.93), and Impaired Cognition(0.83) followed. The difference of the resource use showed statistical significance between major groups(p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the RUG-III classification system differentiates resources provided to elderly in long-term care hospitals in Korea.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1992

To evaluate Helhimo's Anamnestic Dysfunction Index(AI), Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), and Friction's Craniomandibular Index(CMI) in Korean Young population, clinical examinations were performed in 207 dental college students who were healthy and had no evidence of the craniomandibular disorders. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The mean values of the Helkimo's Anamnestic Index(AI), Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), Fricton's Palpation Index(PI), Dysfunction Index(DI), and Craniomandibular Index(CMI) were 0.35, 0.71, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.04 in male subjects. 2. The mean values of the Helkimo's Anamnestic Index(AI), Clinical Dysfunction Index(HDI), Fricton's Palpation Index(PT), Dysfunction Index(DI), and Fricton's Craniomandibular Index(CMI) were 0.42, 0.72, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.03 in female subjects. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female subjects in each parameter. 4. The palpation index(PI) observed in Korean Young Population was lower than that in American population.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Cost reduction of products is and will always be a key objective of industrials. However, it is well identified that the wiping process reaches its limits at high line speed in general and especially thin coatings. If wiping models predict that it is possible to reach 32-37 g/$m^2$ of pure Zinc at 180 m/min provided the nozzle to strip distance can be reduced to 6mm, the possibility to reach that process window industrially with sufficient robustness is debated. 3 key problems are reviewed and analyzed: Zinc splashing and liquid drop emissions of various forms, the production of skimming and the noise generated by the nozzles. The available data and models are firstly used to predict phenomena. Secondly, videos and pictures from the lines showing what really happens on the edges especially in case of a strip width change are analyzed. Whereas the predicted level of skimming to remove from the pot is expected very high, it turns out that the target may be very close to the full splashing phenomena and that the most critical industrial situation is related to strip specification changes. It is then expected that the industrial feasibility of the 32-37 g/$m^2$ at 180 m/min will depend strongly on the amount of incoming strip with the same width that can be processed continuously.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.14-27
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify health promoting behaviors and health problems in contact center consultants, and to provide basic data in order to develop health promoting interventions for these people. The subjects were 680 consultants randomly selected from 6 contact centers out of 31 in D city. The data were collected from March 20, to March 28, 2008. Methods: The tools for this study were HPLP II developed by Walker et al. (1995) that was modified and translated by Park (2005) and modified CMI for contact center consultants based on CMI developed by Bordman (1994). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program. Results and Conclusion: The contact center consultants' health promoting behavior was in a low level and they had certain health problems related to their job such as eye, ear and throat. In consideration of contact center consultants' job characteristics, health education should be provided with the development of systematic health programs.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2023

We present the results of using small telescopes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for observing variable stars and asteroids. Two telescopes, namely, 5" apochromatic refractor and 14" Schmidt-Cassegrain, at Al-Khatim Observatory (M44) were used for the observations. The targets were the three variable stars RR GEM, AG LMi, and DL CMi and the asteroid 22 Kalliope. We found a good consistency between our light curves and published ones for the calibration targets, i.e., the asteroid 22 Kalliope and the variable star RR GEM. According to previous studies, AG LMi has two suggested periods, 16.3 hours and 32.62 hours. Our results clearly confirm the second one, with a period of 32.6175 hours. The star DL CMi has several suggested periods as per previous studies, such as 4.0173 days, 1.9606 days, and 2.0086 days. Our observations confirm the first one, with a period of 4.0159 days. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using small telescopes for observing variable stars and asteroids. This work provides some recommendations on using small telescopes for such observations.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.305-317
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• 2008

As a mobile computing environment is rapidly changing, increasing user demand for multimedia-over-wireless capabilities on embedded processors places constraints on performance, power, and sire. In this regard, this paper proposes color media instructions (CMI) for single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) parallel processors to meet the computational requirements and cost goals. While existing multimedia extensions store and process 48-bit pixels in a 32-bit register, CMI, which considers that color components are perceptually less significant, supports parallel operations on two-packed compressed 16-bit YCbCr (6 bit Y and 5 bits Cb, Cr) data in a 32-bit datapath processor. This provides greater concurrency and efficiency for YCbCr data processing. Moreover, the ability to reduce data format size reduces system cost. The reduction in data bandwidth also simplifies system design. Experimental results on a representative SIMD parallel processor architecture show that CMI achieves an average speedup of 6.3x over the baseline SIMD parallel processor performance. This is in contrast to MMX (a representative Intel's multimedia extensions), which achieves an average speedup of only 3.7x over the same baseline SIMD architecture. CMI also outperforms MMX in both area efficiency (a 52% increase versus a 13% increase) and energy efficiency (a 50% increase versus an 11% increase). CMI improves the performance and efficiency with a mere 3% increase in the system area and a 5% increase in the system power, while MMX requires a 14% increase in the system area and a 16% increase in the system power.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Therapy Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 1988