• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1997

Penicillium sp.-L4, a causative fungus of rot in citrus fruits, was isolated and its mode of hydrolytic enzyme production was investigated. Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), polygalacturonase(PGase), extra- & intra-cellular $\beta$-glucosidase and cellobiase were produced drastically by addition of substrates in minimal media. Production of the hydrolytic enzymes were induced efficiently by cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides which were the products of cellulose hydrolysis, but repressed by addition of mono-saccharide such as glucose, raffinose, galacturonic acid. The relative activity of p-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG) hydrolysis was higher than that of cellobiose hydrolysis in extracellular enzymes, and reverse is true in intracellular enzymes. Intact enzyme production of P. sp.-L4 on lemon peel lesion was sequential. $\beta$-Glucosidase and CMCase were produced first and followed by PGase. The enzyme productivities and pH in lesions were coincident with optimal pH of each enzyme activities.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.192-198
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• 1981

Protoplasts from Trichoderma koningii were fractioned at varing digestion periods. There were distinct differences between the fractionated protoplasts in CMCase activity and protein content ; namely, protein contents and CMCase activities in the early-protoplasts were higher than the late-produced protoplasts. Reversion frequencies of the early-produced protoplasts. Reversion frequencies of the early-produced protoplasts (0-1hr.) and the late-produced protoplasts (1-2.5 hr.)were 1.25% and 0.56%, respectively. From these results it was assumed that the early-produced protoplasts were more active in physiological metabolism. Meanwhile, in osmotically stabilized liquid medium two distinct reversion patterns of these protoplasts were found. In the first, normal germ tube was developed from the opposite side of the protoplast after the production of an aberrent tube. In the second, reversion occurred through germination of protoplast, but this patterns was uncommon. It is suggested that the the physiological and morphological heterogeneities in protoplast reversion are related to the heterogeneous origins of protoplasts from highly differentiated mycelium.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.799-806
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• 2012

Approximately 80 species of bacteria were isolated from the fermented mushroom first and the HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism was selected to the final isolation bacteria. It has a high degree of CMCase, amylase, and protease activity as well as high antibacterial activity against mushroom pathogenic bacteria without affecting the growth and development of Flammulina velutipes and Lentinus edodes mushrooms. The finally selected HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism was identified as Bacillus sp. HJ-57. The initial pH for culture was pH7 and its optimum culture temperature was $35^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial material produced by Bacillus sp. HJ-57 showed a little antibacterial activity even in the 12 hr of culture, but showed the highest antibacterial activity in the 36~48 hr of culture. The HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism also showed a high antibacterial activity against mushroom pathogenic bacteria and molds in the corn cob contained culture medium is used in Flammulina velutipes cultivators.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.403-410
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• 2021

This paper aimed to increase the functionality and competitiveness of rice bran, which is used as an alternative food and cosmetic raw material, through fermentation. As a result of comparing the enzyme activity of 𝛼-amylase, CMCase, 𝛽-glucosidase, protease, etc. of fermented rice bran using standard strains with 6 strains with excellent enzyme activity among 50 strains of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera isolated from 5 types of Nuruk, A8 strain showed excellent enzyme activity of 13.7%, 21.1%, 50.3%, and 10.0% compared to the KCTC 7806 strain. As a result of the ABTS and DPPH tests as a result of fermentation, it was confirmed that rice bran fermented with A8 had 1.12 times and 1.28 times more antioxidant activity than rice bran fermented with KCTC 7806 strain. In this paper, it was possible to confirm the S. fibuligera A8 strain superior to the standard S. fibuligera strain KCTC 7806.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.629-632
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• 2001

The strain FJ1 isolated from a rotten wood showed high activity to hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. The strain produced largely enzymes related in hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, such as CMCase, xylanase, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ , and avicelase. The culture conditions(pH, temperature, inoculation concentration) and substrate specificity to various cellulosic materials were examined to elevate productivity of the enzymes. The enzyme activities of CMCase and xylanase were 13.5U/ml and 24.3U/ml in agitation culture using Mandel's medium, respectively. The high activity of the enzymes was earned when mixed cellulosic materials of rice straw, sawdust, and pulp as substrates, indicating that the strain FJ1 could use crystalline substrates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1995

Endoglucanase gene of Pseudomonas sp. LBC505 was previously cloned in pUC19 to yield plasmid pLCl. The Pseudomonas sp. LBC505 endoglucanase gene was subcloned in a temperature-regulated Es-cherichia coli expression vector, pAS1, containing the leftward promoter $P_L$ of bacteriophage lambda. The level of gene expression was controlled by the thermal inactivation of the heat-sensitive lambda cI857 repressor. Best yield of endoglucanase was obtained by lowering the incubation temperature to $37^{\circ}C$ after induction at $42^{\circ}C$ for 1h. Under these conditions enzyme production continued for about 5h at a gradually decreasing rate. Ecoli harboring recombinant plasmid pASC10 expressed 4.3 times as much CMCase activity as E.coli containing pLCl. To enhance the expression level of endogl, ucanase gene, we have also changed the presumptive Shine-Dalgamo sequence (AGAGGT) of the gene to consensus sequence (AGGAGGT) by site-directed mutagenesis. The genes mutated were subcloned in pASl resulting in the formation of recombinant plasmid pASS50. E.coli harboring the plasmid pASS50 expressed 6.2-fold higher levels of CMCase activity than that of E.coli harboring pLC1.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 1995

Endoglucanase gene of Pseudomonas sp. LBC505 was previously cloned in pUCl9 to yield plasmid pLC1. overproduction of endoglucanase was attempted by following ways. First, the endoglucanase gene of Pseudomonas sp. LBC505 cloned in pUCl9(pLC1) was tandemly inserted, step by step, into a expression vector pKK223-3 in a directly repeated form to enhance productivity of endoglucanase. Escherichia coli containing pKCC30 among the resulting plasm ids showed the higher yield of the endoglucanase. Ecoli harboring pKCC30 which had three inserted endoglucanase genes expressed about 12.3 times as much CMCase activity as Ecoli harboring pLCl. Second, the endoglucanase gene was subcloned into Bacillus subtilis expression vector pgnt41 for both overproduction and extracellular secretion of the endoglucanase. A resulting plasmid pgntc15 in Bacillus subtilis expressed 4.3-fold higher levels of CMCase activity than that of E.coli harboring pLCl and the endoglucanase produced was entirely secreted into the culture medium.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

Microbes in forest are very important due to not only to enhance soil fertility but also maintain a healthy ecosystem by supplying the energy available to living organisms by producing various kinds of enzymes related to degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. In order to isolate a lignocellulosic biomass degrading bacterial strain from the Jurassic park located in Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, We used the Luria-Bertani-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar trypan blue method containing 0.4 % carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.01 % trypan blue. As a result, we isolated a bacterial strain showing both activity on the CMC and xylan. To identify the isolated strain, 16S rRNA sequencing and API kit analysis were used. The isolated strain turned out to belong to Bacillus species and then named Bacillus sp. GJY. In the CMC zymogram analysis, it showed that one active band of about 28kDa in size is present. Xylan zymogram analysis also showed to have one active band of about 25kDa in size. The optimal growth temperature of Bacillus sp. GJY was $37^{\circ}C$. The maximal activities of CMCase and xylanase were 12 hour after incubation. The optimal pH and temperature for CMCase were 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively, whereas the optimal pH and temperature for xylanase was 4.0 and $40^{\circ}C$. Both activities for CMCase and xylanase showed to be thermally stable at 40and $50^{\circ}C$, while both activities rapidly decreased at over $60^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1610-1613
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• 2003

The aim of the experiment was to study the changes in the activities of various rumen fibre degrading enzymes due to the feeding of chemically treated mustard (Brassica campestris) straw in sheep. Mustard straw (MS) (<5 cm particle size) was treated either with urea (4% (w/w), or with 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (2% NaOH and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)) and/or supplemented with 2% (w/w) urea. Seven maintenance type rations were prepared using MS (70 parts) with molasses (5 parts) and concentrate (25 parts). They were untreated MS (CMS), urea treated MS (UMS), urea supplemented MS (MSUS), alkali treated MS (AMS), alkali treated and urea supplemented MS (AMS-US), alkali $H_2O_2$ treated MS (AHMS) and alkali $H_2O_2$ treated and urea supplemented MS (AHMS-US). They were then compressed into a complete feed block with the help of block making machine. Forty two male hoggets of Malpura breed sheep were equally distributed into each treatment group and (were) offered feed and water ad libitum. At the end of 21 days of feeding trial, rumen liquor was collected through stomach tube from three animals in each group at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h of post feeding. Results showed that the level of enzyme varied from 8.52 to 11.12, 40.85 to 50.37, 3.22 to 3.78, 2.09 to 2.77 and 31.44 to 44.24 units/100 ml SRL respectively for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), $\alpha$-amylase, microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase), filter paper (FP) degrading enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase. Processing of MS affected the enzyme activities, in a way, that NaOH and AHP treatment significantly reduced CMCase and FP degrading enzyme. The effect of urea treatment showed an increase in the activity of MCCase and $\alpha$-glucosidase. But the supplementation of urea increased the activity of CMCase, FP degrading enzyme and $\alpha$-glucosidase. The CMCase, $\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase activities were highest at 4hr whereas MCCase and FP degrading enzyme had maximum activities at 12 h post feeding Results suggested that MS might need longer time in the rumen for its effective degradation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.709-718
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• 2006

In order to know the effects of Garlic, Scallion, Flavonoid, Urushiol, Anthocyanidin and Bio-MOS?? on pathogenic microbes and rumen anaerobic microbes, the growth rate of pathogens (including Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella paratyphi, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and in vitro rumen microbial growth, gas production, ammonia concentration, carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase) activity, and microbial populations were investigated.The growth of pathogens was inhibited by supplementation of 0.1% Flavonoid, Scallion or Bio-MOS?? as biological active materials. And Scallion and Flavonoid had powerful antimicrobial properties on the pathogens applied in paper disc method.Although few effects by biological active materials disappeared in rumen fermentation in vitro, CMCase activity removed with supplementation of 1% of Flavonoid which had antimicrobial property in paper disc method. Scallion, having powerful antimicrobial property on pathogens and no inhibiting on rumen fermentation, might be a source in development of natural antimicrobial agent for ruminants.