• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.529-534
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• 2009

Climate models, both global and regional, have increased in sophistication and are being run at increasingly higher resolutions. The Land Surface Models (LSMs) coupled to these climate models have evolved from simple bucket models to sophisticated Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) schemes needed to support complex linkages and processes. However, some underpinnings of terrestrial hydrologic parameterizations so crucial in the predictions of surface water and energy fluxes cause model errors that often manifest as non-linear drifts in the dynamic response of land surface processes. This requires the improved parameterizations of key processes for the terrestrial hydrologic scheme to improve the model predictability in surface water and energy fluxes. The Common Land Model (CLM), one of state-of-the-art LSMs, is the land component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). However, CLM also has energy and water biases resulting from deficiencies in some parameterizations related to hydrological processes. This research presents the implementation of a selected set of parameterizations and their effects on the runoff prediction. The modifications consist of new parameterizations for soil hydraulic conductivity, water table depth, frozen soil, soil water availability, and topographically controlled baseflow. The results from a set of offline simulations are compared with observed data to assess the performance of the new model. It is expected that the advanced terrestrial hydrologic scheme coupled to the current CLM can improve model predictability for better prediction of runoff that has a large impact on the surface water and energy balance crucial to climate variability and change studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1993

With the purpose to utilize cage layer manure (CLM), whole crop corn forage was ensiled with 30% CLM (MS silage) and without CLM (CS silage). MS silage was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in pH value, total VFA, propionic and butyric acids, and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen, but lower (p < 0.05) in lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents than CS silage. Digestibility was evaluated using Shiba strain Japanese goats. Urea was supplemented to CS silage at feeding to adjust nitrogen intake to MS silage (US silage). There were no differences in digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and energy among the three silages. However, US silage showed higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of crude protein, but digestibilities of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose were higher (p < 0.05) in MS silage. Nitrogen retention was positive in US and MS silages, but it was negative in CS silage. Voluntary feed intake of goats was 11.02, 12.03 and 13.34 g of DM per metabolic body weight ($kg^{0.75}$) for 10 minutes, for CS, US and MS silages, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 1991

Four fibrous feedstuffs from alfalfa meal (AFM), cassava leaf meal (CLM), rubber seed meal (RSM) and leucaena meal (LM) were included in semi-purified diets for growing pig (45 kg body wt.) at 20%, to investigate the effects of these fiber sources and fractions on amino acid digestibility. Cellulose (C), a purified fiber source was included in another diet at 5% level for comparison. The barrows fitted with ileal T-cannula were used in the digestion trials with latin square design. The digestibilities of amino acids were measured at both terminal ileum and fecal level. NDF and hemicellulose content were the highest in AFM-diet whereas LM-diet had the highest ADF and lignin content. RSM-diet contained the highest crude fiber and cellulose content. The digestibilities of amino acids at ileal level were found the highest with CLM-diet, while LM-diet was the least. At fecal level, control diet and CLM-diet were the highest in amino acid digestibility while AFM-diet was the least. The digestibility of amino acids was higher at ileal than fecal level. The digestibility of arginine was not affected with fiber fractions but was found to be the most disestible across all diets. The most depressed amino acid was methionine at both levels; praline and glycine, in the dispensable amino acid group, were depressed at ileal and fecal level, respectively. Lignin did not depress amino acid digestibility in general but specifically depressed methionine, histidine, isoleucine and threonine digestibility. Cellulose content did not affect amino acid digestibility but undesirable factors might be responsible.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of composted liquid manure (CLM) on soil properties and turf quality of zoysiagrass. The CLMs were produced at 5 facilities for livestock excretions treatments located in Cheongwon, Gunwi, Iksan, Nonsan, and Yeoju in Korea, respectively. Field experiments were conducted at 5 golf courses and a sod farm located near each facility for livestock excretion treatments. Chemical fertilizer (CF) with N at $12g\;m^{-2}year^{-1}$ and CLMs were applied four times, respectively. The constituents of the different CLMs were variable based on when and where the fertilizer was produced. Soil K content significantly increased when the soil was treated with CLMs. The soil treated with CF showed a higher content of total P than that treated with CLM. CF and CLMs treatments significantly increased the turf color index compared with control. Tiller density and shoot dry weight of fertilized plots were also higher than those of non-fertilized plots. However, there was no significant difference in turf color index and tiller density among plots treated by CLMs or CF. The results of this study demonstrated that CLMs could be a substitute for CF.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1548-1553
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to study the nutritional quality of whole crop corn silage ensiled with cage layer manure in sheep. Treatments were designed as a $3{\times}3$ Latin square with 16-day periods. Sheep were allotted in one of three diet-treatments, which were whole crop corn silage (CS), whole crop corn+30% cage layer manure (CLM) silage (based on DM; MS) and rice straw+concentrate (SC) mixed at 8:2 ratio (on DM basis). Silage ensiled with CLM significantly increased (p<0.05) digestibilities of crude protein, NDF and ADF, TDN over the other treatments. Ruminal pH in sheep fed SC was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the other diets at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after feeding. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration of the MS treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the other treatments at 0, 1, 2 h after feeding. The MS treatment highly increased (p<0.05) feed intake, digestibility of organic matter and crude protein, nitrogen intake and retained nitrogen. The MS treatment highly increased (p<0.05) purine derivative (PD) excretion leading to higher microbial protein synthesis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2001

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a rare serpiginous cutaneous eruption caused by accidental penetration and migration in the skin with infective larvae of nematode that normally do not have the human as their host. Although CLM has a worldwide distribution, the infection is most frequent in warmer climates. More recently, they have been increasingly imported from the tropics or subtropics by travelers. We experienced two patients who had prutitic serpiginous linear eruption in their skin for a few weeks after traveling to the endemic areas (Brazil and Thailand, respectively) . After the treatment with albendazole, the skin lesions resolved with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. We report herein two cases of cutaneous larva migrans successfully treated with albendazole.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.31-31
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• 2019

잎의 생태 계절학적 변화는 지상의 탄소/질소 순환에 큰 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 토양 수분, 증발산과 같은 물 순환에 중요한 인자로 작용한다. 이를 모의하기 위하여 많은 지면-생태 생태모형들이 개발되어져 왔지만, 자연현상을 충분히 이해하지 못함으로 인하여 모델 결과값과 실제 관측 값에 차이가 발생된다. 이러한 한계점을 해결하기 위하여 실제 모형과 관측되어진 자료를 실시간으로 융합하는 자료동화 기법이 개발되어져 모델들의 오차를 줄여주거나, 실제 모델의 파라미터들을 보정하는데 사용되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지상기후모형인 Community Land Model(CLM)을 기반으로 하여 2003년부터 2010년까지 동아시아지역을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 지면-대기-해양 모델로부터 발생되어진 40개의 앙상블 기상자료를 이용하여 도출된 잎면적 지수와 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) 잎면적 지수를 실시간으로 융합하는 앙상블 칼만 필터기법을 이용하여 잎면적지수 자료동화가 생태 생태 수문에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 특히 잎면적 지수 자료동화가 동아시아 지역의 가뭄에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 1~3 m 의 토양수분의 변화를 이용하여 가뭄을 정의하였다. 이러한 토양수분 가뭄을 시 공간적으로 나타내어 동아시아지역의 가뭄의 기간, 심도 와 같은 가뭄을 특성을 이해하여 보고자 하였으며, 잎면적 지수 자료동화가 가뭄에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.

• 대기
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2018

This study investigated future changes in the Arctic permafrost features and related biogeochemical alterations under global warming. The Community Land Model (CLM) with biogeochemistry (BGC) was run for the period 2005 to 2099 with projected future climate based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario. Under global warming, over the Arctic land except for the permafrost region, the rise in soil temperature led to an increase in soil liquid and decrease in soil ice. Also, the Arctic ground obtained carbon dioxide from the atmosphere due to the increase in photosynthesis of vegetation. On the other hand, over the permafrost region, the microbial respiration was increased due to thawing permafrost, resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions. Methane emissions associated with total water storage have increased over most of Arctic land, especially in the permafrost region. Methane releases were predicted to be greatly increased especially near the rivers and lakes associated with an increased chance of flooding. In conclusion, at the end of $21^{st}$ century, except for permafrost region, the Arctic ground is projected to be the sink of carbon dioxide, and only permafrost region the source of carbon dioxide. This study suggests that thawing permafrost can further to accelerate global warming significantly.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.69-69
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• 2023

격자 기반의 지면모형을 구동하기에 앞서 사용자의 목적에 따른 모델의 정확도와 모델의 구동 시간의 적절한 균형을 이루는 지면 모델의 격자 크기의 설정은 중요하다. 특히, 격자 크기에 따라 화재 모의 결과 영향이 매우 클 수 있지만, 이에 관한 연구들을 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 화재 모의는 탄소 순환뿐만 아니라 물 순환에도 직접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 이를 위한 적절한 격자 크기 설정은 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 지면모형인 NCAR Community Land Model version 5(CLM 5)-biogeochemistry (BGC) 모형과 2000년부터 2019년의 The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) 기상자료 이용하여서 지면 모델 격자 크기(1.9°×2.5°, 0.47°×0.63°, 0.25°×0.25°)에 따른 전 지구 규모의 화재 시뮬레이션 결과들을 분석하였다. 연평균 화재면적은 격자 크기가 제일 큰 1.9°×2.5° 격자의 시뮬레이션에서 연평균 450M ha로 가장 작게 나타났으며 격자의 크기가 작아질수록 화재의 크기는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 지면 모델의 격자가 작아짐에 따라 토양 입자의 분포가 세분화되고 이에 따라 투수 계수값이 증가하며 높은 토양수분의 분포들을 줄어들고 낮은 토양수분의 분포는 증가함을 확인하였다. 토양수분이 줄어듦에 따라 화재 연소성 정도를 나타내는 변수의 값이 증가하고 이에 따라 화재 발생빈도 및 화재 확산이 증가하여 지면 모델의 화재면적을 더 증가시키는 요인이 됨을 확인하였다. 이 연구를 바탕으로 하여 화재 모의의 불확실성 요소를 이해하고, 격자 크기에 따라 화재 모의 관련 매개변수의 수정이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제16권5호통권71호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2001

본 고에서는 최근 IETF를 중심으로 새롭게 제안되고 있는 Xcast(Explicit Multicast) 기술에 관해 소개한다. Xcast 멀티캐스트 방식은 IBM의 SGM(Small Group Multicast), Alcatel의 CLM(Connectionless Multicast), Fujitsu의 MDO6(Multiple Destination Option for IPv6) 제안을 수정, Xcast로 통합한 것으로 기존 IP 멀티캐스트 방식과는 달리, IP 패킷 내에 수신자 목록을 명시적으로 포함하여 전송함으로써 소규모 그룹 통신을 위해 적합한 새로운 멀티캐스트 통신 방식이다. 본 고에서는 Xcast 기본 프로토콜 규격을 중심으로 최근 기술동향 및 국내 Xcast-KR 연구동향 등을 소개한다.