• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2012

The quality changes of vegetables including cucumbers, young pumpkins, carrots, radishes, onions by different cooking methods in $90^{\circ}C$ water, 0.5% NaCl solution, 1.0% NaCl solution and $400^{\circ}C$ superheated steam were investigated. The changes in pH of cooked vegetables were increased. Hunter color system values for L(lightness), a(redness) and b(yellowness) of the vegetables cooked in $400^{\circ}C$ supetbeated steam for 30 seconds were less compared with those in $90^{\circ}C$ water, 0.5% NaCl solution and 1.0% NaCl solution. The microbial growth was inhibited very effectively when the vegetables cooked in $400^{\circ}C$ superheated steam for 30 seconds. After cooked in $90^{\circ}C$ water, 0.5% NaCl solution, 1.0% NaCl solution, $400^{\circ}C$ superheated steam, vitamin C content decreased by different ratio depending on cooking methods and vegetable varieties. Based on the results of the quality changes of cooked vegetables, the superheated steam cooking method showed a positive effect on sterilization and maintaining pH, color, hardness of vegetable tissues, vitamin C content. The data obtained from this study could be utilized as basic information for the optimum conditions of superheated steam cooking to develope HMR(Home Meal Replacement).

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2009

Electrochemical behaviors of $U^{3+}$ and $Gd^{3+}$ were investigated in LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salt by using various electrochemical techniques. The electrodeposition and dissolution currents for uranium show the maximum at -1.51V and -1.35V, respectively while, for gadolinium,at -2.15V and -1.9V, respectively. In case of LiCl-KCl molten salt containing both of $U^{3+}$ and $Gd^{3+}$, the peak potential of electrodeposition of gadolinium shifts to more positive potential than in the solution without $U^{3+}$. The potentials in chronopotentiometric data suddenly dropped to negative value as soon as the reduction currents were applied and became constant at the potential around which the $U^{3+}$ and $Gd^{3+}$ are electrodeposited. The results of normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) and square wave voltammetry show that those methods can be used to qualitatively analyze the elements in the melts. Especially, the differentiation of NPV result was found to be useful for the separation of the peaks of which potentials are close each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1284-1288
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• 2009

Identification of various inorganic compound crystals contained in solar salts, which are produced from 12 areas of Jeonnam, was firstly made by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The analysis of the XRD spectra was carried out on the basis of Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) data and the results of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDX) measurements. In particular, the analysis of the XRD spectra supported that each solar salt contains $Na_2S$ (Shinan Jeungdo and Sinui), $KMgCl_3$ (Shinan Bigeum), $Ca(ClO_3)_2$ (Shinan Docho), $CaAl_4O_7$ (Haenam Songji), $CaSiO_3$ and $CaCl_2$ (Goheung) as inorganic compound crystals, which have not been reported for the solar salts. Also, the XRD results indicated that the solar salts maintain a cubic NaCl crystal structure without any change of lattice parameters etc. However, it was shown in the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images that an external form of the solar salts has a lamination layer shape of a cubic structure, which is different from a simple cubic form for the purified salts and the reagent NaCl.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is the development of more effective filter-type polymer adsorbent for removal of anionic pollutants from wastewater. In order to synthesize the polymer adsorbent that possesses anionic exchangeable function, carboxyl(-COOH) group of PP-g-AA nonwoven fabric was converted into amine($-NH_2$) group by the chemical modification using diethylene triamine(DETA). FT-IR data indicate that amine group was introduced into PP-g-AA through amidation of grafted acrylic acid by reaction with DETA. The degree of amination increased with increase in the reaction time and temperature of the chemical modification process, and was significantly improved by the pre-swelling treatment of PP-g-AA with solvent and addition of metal chlorides as a catalyst in following order as $NH_4OH>MeOH{\geq}HCl{\geq}H_2O\;and\;AlCl_3>FeCl_3{\geq}SnCl_2{\gg}ZnCl_2{\geq}FeCl_2$, respectively. However, the addition of catalyst limited the reusability of DETA, hence was less useful from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness and waste management. The anion exchange capacity of the aminated PP-g-AA(PP-g-AA-Am) increased with increase in the degree of amination, but it reached maximum value at the degree of amination as about $50{\sim}60%$. The anion exchange capacity of PP-g-AA-Am was higher than those of commercial anion resins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate chemical properties of wild $Lactuca$ $indica$ (WL) and cultivated $Lactuca$ $indica$ (CL). The proximate composition, reducing sugar, free amino acids, organic acid, vitamin C, minerals, chlorophyll, and crude saponin were analyzed. WL and CL contained high levels of carbohydrate. The leaves and roots of CL contained higher levels of free amino acid than those of WL. Especially, the proline content of CL leaf was 12 times higher than that of WL leaf, and the arginine content of CL root was 100 times higher than that of WL root. The major organic acid and mineral of $Lactuca$ $indica$ were tartaric acid and potassium, respectively. CL showed significantly higher value of reducing sugar than WL. The vitamin C content of the samples ranged from 0.4 to 24.1 mg%, and CL leaf was the highest amount of vitamin C among the samples. CL leaf had a higher amount of chlorophyll than WL leaf, but WL root contained a higher amount of crude saponin than CL root. As in this study, CL showed better nutritional properties than WL, and these results will provide fundamental data in order to activate the cultivation of wild plants.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.940-945
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• 1995

The SS-epm(N,N '-bis-[2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine) ligand having stereospecificity has been prepared and reacted with $CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ or trans-$[Co(pyridine)_4Cl_2]Cl.$ The resultants are green crystals, both of which are identified to be trans-$[Co(SS-epm)Cl_2]_2(COCl_4)$ by elemental analysis and absorption spectra. CD spectrum of trans complex shows negative (-) cotton effect at long wavelength due to the vicinal effect of the stereospecifically chelated ligands. The conformation of SS-epm in trans complex is ${\delta}{\lambda}{\delta}$(SRRS) for each of the five membered chelated ring. $Co(II)Cl_4^{2-}$ as counter ion plays an importance role in the ionic association of the formation of trans complex with SS-epm. Furthermore, according to orientation of secondary amine, total strain energy on each isomers was calculated by molecular mechanics (MM) to verify structural characterization and spectral data.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 1999

In order to obtain data for use of algin in drink making process solution properties of algin have been investigated at various condition of algin concentration temperature pH and various food additives. At same revolution velosity viscosities of algin were increased as algin concentration raised. Algin solution showed dilatnat type flow in concentration of 0.25% to 0.4% but pseudoplastic type flow in above 0.5% showed dilatant type flow in concentration of 0.25% to 0.4% but pseudoplastic type folw in above 0.5% A maximum viscosity of algin was observed at pH 5.5 and its viscosities were also decreased as the tem-perature increased and heating at 8$0^{\circ}C$ above. Organic acids affected on the viscosity of algin with pH dependently and gel formed in pH below 3.0 Sweetners have no effect to the viscosity of algin. How-ever addition of NaCl and KCL upto 1.0% decreased a little its viscosity and CACl2 MgCl2 and FeCl3 increased the viscosity of algin Glutamic acid decreased the viscosity of algin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.384-384
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• 2010

The surface reaction characteristics of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) in $Cl_2/BCl_3$/Ar gas ratio using inductively coupled plasma system were investigated. It was found that ZnO etch rate shows a non-monotonic behavior with increasing both Ar fraction in $Cl_2/BCl_3$ plasma, RF power, and gas pressure. The maximum ZnO etch rate of 53 nm/min was obtained for $Cl_2$(3 sccm)/$BCl_3$(16 sccm) /Ar(4 sccm) gas mixture. The chemical state of etched surfaces was investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the etched surface was investigated to the rms by atomic force microscopy (AFM). From these data, the suggestions on the ZnO etch mechanism were made by secondary ion mass spectrometery (SIMS).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.222-224
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• 1993

In this paper, The optimum oxidation conditions for the formation of Cu-Zn ferrite were investigated using precipitates obtained by the mixture of $CuCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$, $ ZnCl_2$, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ and NaOH. The precipitates were prepared by coprecipitation method on various temperatures and oxidation conditions. The oxidation products were examined by SEM, XRD, and VSM. The particles obtained at 70($^{\circ}C$) were more spherical and fine than that of prepared at 25($^{\circ}C$), 50($^{\circ}C$), 60($^{\circ}C$), respectively. By $H_2O_2$ oxidation, the saturation magnetization of the powders was little influenced, But, by air oxidation the saturation magnetization of the powders was influenced intricately. According to our experimental data, the saturation magnetization of the powders increased with reaction time and was saturated at 9 hours.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61.2-61.2
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• 2018

ZwCL 1447.2+2619 is a merging galaxy cluster at z=0.37 with clear substructures in X-ray emission and galaxy distribution. In addition, the system possesses distinct radio relics. In order to constrain the merger scenario, it is necessary to measure both the distribution and mass of the cluster dark matter. We perform weak lensing analysis of ZwCL 1447.2+2619 using Subaru imaging data. We detect clear lensing signal from the cluster after carefully addressing instrumental systematics. In this poster, we present our preliminary results on our mass reconstruction and discuss the comparison with X-ray and radio results.