• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권18호
• /
• pp.8293-8298
• /
• 2016

Background: Urinary stones are known predisposing factors for upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTC) which are commonly detected at advanced stage with poor outcome because of rarity and lack of specific criteria for early detection. Aims and objectives: The main aim was to evaluate the impact of age, gender andstone characteristics on risk of developing UUTC in patients with chronic nephrolithiasis. We also discuss the role of aberrant angiogenesis (AA) and immunohistochemical expression of p53, p16INK4a, CK20 and Ki-67 in diagnosis of pelvicalyceal neoplastic (NL) and pre-neoplastic lesions (PNL) in these patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of pelvicalyceal urothelial lesions from 88 nephrectomy specimens were carried out in a tertiary care centre from June 2012 to December 2014. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 37 selected cases. Computed image analysis was performed to analyse aberrant angiogenesis. Results: All UUTC (5.7%) and metaplastic lesions were found to be associated with stones. Some 60% were pure squamous cell carcinoma and 40% were transitional cell carcinoma. Odd ratios for developing NL and PNL lesions in presence of renal stone, impacted stones, multiple and large stag horn stones were 9.39 (95% CI 1.15-76.39, p value 0.05), 6.28 (95% CI 1.59-24.85, p value 0.000) and 7.4 (95% CI, 2.29-23.94, p value 0.001) respectively. When patient age was ${\geq}55$, the odds ratio for developing NL was 3.43 (95% CI 1.19-9.88, p value 0.019). IHC analysis showed that mean Ki-67 indices were $3.15{\pm}3.63%$ for non-neoplastic lesions, $10.0{\pm}9.45%$ for PNL and $28.0{\pm}18.4%$ for NL. Sensitivity and specificity of CK20, p53, p16INK4a, AA were 76% and 95.9%; 100% and 27.5%; 100% and 26.5%; 92.3 % and 78.8% respectively. Conclusions: Age ${\geq}55years$, large stag horn stones, multiple stones and impacted stones are found to be associated with increased risk of NL and PNL in UUT. For flat lesions, a panel of markers, Ki 67 index >10 and presence of aberrant angiogenesis were more useful than individual markers.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제11권11호
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 단시간 들기 내리기 작업을 실시한 누적피로 대상자에게 미세전류자극 및 휴식을 적용하여 피로 지수에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 2012년 12월부터 2013년 2월까지 S대학에서 연구가 진행되었으며, 말초질환 및 근골격계 질환이 없고 오른손을 사용하는 20대의 신체 건강한 남자 22명을 대상자로 선정하였다. 모든 대상자는 10 kg 상자를 15분 동안 들기 내리기를 100회 실시한 직후, 표면근전도기를 이용한 근피로지수(Median Frequency : MF)와 혈액피로지수(Creatine Kinase Lactate : CK, Lactate Dehydrogenase : LDH)를 측정하였다. 두 그룹으로 나누어 실험군에는 미세전류자극을 대조군에는 휴식을 각각 20분간 중재하였다. 중재 후, 근피로지수와 혈액피로지수를 측정하여 누적 피로지수의 변화를 비교하였다. 그 결과 휴식그룹의 왼쪽 척주세움근 피로지수를 제외한 두 그룹 모두에서 중재방법 적용 전보다 적용 후 유의한 누적피로의 감소(p<.05)가 있었고, 미세전류의 자극은 휴식과 비교했을 때, 근피로지수의 유의한 감소(p<.05)를 보였지만, 혈액피로지수는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 미세전류자극은 반복적인 들기와 내리기 작업 종사자들의 근피로회복에 도움이 될 것이라 사료되며, 장시간 피로지수 추적조사 및 중재 적용시간에 따른 피로회복의 상관관계 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2019

Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI; H9N2) and Newcastle disease (ND) are economically important poultry diseases in Korea. In this study, we investigated pathological features and virus distribution in the lymphoid tissues of chicks experimentally infected with H9N2 and/or ND virus. Six-weeks-old SPF chickens were divided into 4 groups, Control (C), H9N2 (E1), NDV (E2), and H9N2+NDV (E3). E1 group was challenged with 0.1 ml A/Kr/Ck/01310/01 (H9N2) $10^{5.6}$ $EID_{50}$ intranasally, E2 group was challenged with 0.5 ml KJW (NDV) $10^{5.0}{\sim}10^{6.0}$ $ELD_{50}$ intramuscularly, and E3 group was challenged with H9N2, followed 7 days later by NDV. In histopathological examination, E1 group showed depletion and necrosis in bursa of Fabricius, thymus, cecal tonsil, and spleen, whereas E2 and E3 groups were noted severe lymphocyte depletion and necrosis with destruction of lymphoid organs structures. In TUNEL assay, apoptotic bodies were detected in lymphoid organs of all experimental groups, which was most severe in E3 group. H9N2 and ND viruses were predominantly detected in cecal tonsil of E1, E2, and E3 groups by PCR and immunohistochemistry (ICH). In conclusion, co-infection of H9N2 with NDV caused severe pathologic lesions and apoptosis in lymphoid tissues compared to single infections.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 경량콘크리트에 매립된 쉬어 커넥터의 전단거동 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 본 연구는 기존 실험결과와 유한요소해석에 의한 해석결과를 비교분석하여 유한요소 해석의 타당성을 확인하고 경량콘크리트의 압축강도($f_{ck}$) 변화에 따른 쉬어 커넥터의 전단강도를 기존 설계식(AISC-LRFD 및 Eurocode 4)과 비교분석하였다. 유한요소해석 결과 경량콘크리트에 매립된 쉬어 커넥터의 전단강도는 Eurocode 4의 쉬어 커넥터의 전단강도와 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.8-19
• /
• 2001

A number of atomization and droplet breakup models have been developed and used to predict the diesel spray characteristic. Most of these models could not provide reasonable computational result of the diesel spray characteristic because they have only considered the primary breakup. A hybrid model is, therefore, required to develop by considering the primary and secondary breakup of liquid jet. according to this approach, wave breakup(WB) model was used compute the primary breakup of the liquid jet and droplet deformation and breakup(DDB) model was used for the secondary breakup of droplet. Development of hybrid model by using KIVA-II code was performed by comparing with the experimental data of spray tip penetration and SMD from the literature. A hybrid model developed in this study could provide the good agreement with the experimental data of spray tip penetration. The prediction results of SMD were in good agreement between 0.5 and 1.0 ms after the start of injection. Numerical results obtained by the present hybrid model have the good agreement with the experimental data with the breakup time constant in WB model of 30, and DDB model constant Ck of 1.0 when the droplet becomes less than 95% of maximum droplet diameter injected.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.2735-2738
• /
• 2012

Background: Our objective was to clarify the clinical and biological characteristics of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and non-basal-like breast cancer (TN3BKE) in Heilongjiang. Methods: We examined, by immunohistochemistry, expression of biological markers cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B cell specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1( Bmi-1) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We studied the correlation between BLBC and several factors related to tumor progression, along with its prognostic value. Results: In the 229 cases of operable TNBC, BLBC was detected in 178 (77.7%) and TN3BKE- in 51 (22.2%). There was no significant difference in clinicopathological factors between them, However, BLBC was significantly associated with Bmi-1 expression (P=0.000) and shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.045) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.041). Conclusions: Compared with the non-basal group, patients with BLBC have a high expression of Bmi-1 and a poor prognosis.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.14-18
• /
• 2007

SCM415 alloy was implanted with nitrogen ions using plasma source ion implantation (PSII), at a dose range of $1{\times}10^{17}\;to\;6{\times}10^{17}N^{+}cm^{-2}$. Auger electron spectrometry (AES) was used to investigate the depth profile of the implanted layer. Friction and wear tests were carried out on a block-on-ring wear tester. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the micro-morphology of the worn surface. The results revealed that after being implanted with nitrogen ions, the frictional coefficient of the surface layer decreased, and the wear resistance increased with the nitrogen dose. The tribological mechanism was mainly adhesive, and the adhesive wear tended to become weaker oxidative wear with the increase in the nitrogen dose. The effects were mainly attributed to the formation of a hard nitride precipitate and a supersaturated solid solution of nitrogen in the surface layer.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 2018

The antioxidant properties of mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf added to Kimchi were investigated by total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS anion scavenging, FRAP reducing power, and ORAC value. Total phenolic content of functional Kimchi (FK) was significantly higher than that of control Kimchi (CK). DPPH radical and ABTS anion scavenging activities of functional Kimchi were significantly higher than those of control Kimchi by 2.7 and 1.7 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Also, the FRAP reducing power and ORAC value of functional Kimchi increased compared to those of the control Kimchi by 1.6 and 1.1 fold, respectively (p<0.05). Our results suggest that functional Kimchi made by mushroom and sea tangle extracts and mustard leaf may be a potent antioxidant source and could be developed as a antioxidant functional food that may be for the effective treatment of oxidant conditions. Through continuous research and development of functional Kimchi by the use of mushroom and sea tangle extracts, it will be necessary to try to identify other functions that could be useful for preventing various diseases.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2007

Using the belongs to relation (${\in}$) and quasi-coincidence with relation (q) between fuzzy points and fuzzy sets, the concept of (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$)-fuzzy subalgebras where ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ areany two of {${\in}$, q, ${\in}{\vee}q$, ${\in}{\wedge}q$} with ${\alpha}{\neq}{\in}{\wedge}q$ was already introduced, and related properties were investigated (see [3]). In this paper, we give a condition for an (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy subalgebra to be an (${\in}$, ${\in}$)-fuzzy subalgebra. We provide characterizations of an (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy subalgebra. We show that a proper (${\in}$, ${\in}$)-fuzzy subalgebra $\mathfrak{A}$ of X with additional conditions can be expressed as the union of two proper non-equivalent (${\in}$, ${\in}$)-fuzzy subalgebras of X. We also prove that if $\mathfrak{A}$ is a proper (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy subalgebra of a CK/BCI-algebra X such that #($\mathfrak{A}(x){\mid}\mathfrak{A}(x)$ < 0.5} ${\geq}2$, then there exist two prope non-equivalent (${\in}$, ${\in}{\vee}q$)-fuzzy subalgebras of X such that $\mathfrak{A}$ can be expressed as the union of them.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 2000

In R.C. flat slab system, a brittle punching failure is a very fatal problem. But there is no generally well-defined answer to the problem and there are wide differences in current practical design codes. therefore, in this study, the factors affecting to punching failure mechanism have been studied to find out the punching shear behavior in R.C. flat slabs by comparing other investigations and practical design codes. Therefore, In this study, the factors affecting to punching failure mechanism have been studied to find out the punching shear behavior in R.C. flat slabs by comparing other investigations and practical design codes. The conclusions in this study are summarized as follows; 1) The factors affecting to punching shear are concrete strength ($f_\alpha$), ratio of column side length to slab depth (c/d), ratio of distance from column center to radial contraflexure (l/d), yield strength of steel ($f_y$), flexural reinforcement ratio ($\rho$) and size effects. 2) It is shown that th use of $\surd{f_{ck}}$in applying($f_\alpha$ to punching shear strength estimation may be more sensitive in high concrete strength. 3) The effects of l/d, ($f_y$, size are no clear in the punching failure mechanism, so in the future, it should be investigated with the effects of various composed load.