• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.415-437
• /
• 2011

The increased interest in consumer health information(CHI) has brought about a rapid increase in CHI resources. There are diverse means for obtaining such information, and one CHI acquisition route is the public library. In the U.S. public libraries, the demand for CHI reference services is increasing, and a variety of projects to promote these services are in progress. On the other hand, Korean public library services for CHI is at a very basic level, and thus a very small amount of such research could be found. This study drew suggestions from a literature review of research studies in the U.S. and Canada, and analyzed public library CHI services in Korea. The findings are as follows. 1) Only 17.25% of public libraries in Korea provided CHI service, and it evidences very low needs and awareness for CHI services in Korea. 2) Only three kinds of services including CHI-related websites, users training, and promotional and marketing were provided, and only 13(1.74%) of libraries surveyed offered more than two kinds of services. 3) There were no CHI librarians, nor did any librarians receive CHI-related education. 4) ILL services, outreach services, and cooperation with CHI- and medical-related institutions for CHI services were not found. Therefore, this study suggests that more research on delivery strategies for CHI services should be conducted in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.313-337
• /
• 1999

In oriental medicine, 'chi(痔)' is 'the prolapsed nodule' in 'Ku-gyu(九竅)', but in this paper, I will write about prolapsed nodule only in anus or around it, chi-jil(痔疾), it called hemorrhoid in western medicine. So in the literatual studies on chi(痔) in anus or around it, the results are as follows. 1. The etiology and pathogenesis of ch.i-jil(痔疾) is wind, wetness, dryness, and heat caused by inrregular diet habit, severe drinking and sexual action, deficiency of ki(氣) and hyeol(血). 2. Characteristic symptoms of chi-jil(痔疾) is the prolapsed nodule in the anus or around it, and general symptoms are hematochezia, pain, hernia, swelling, abcess, and mucosal secretion. 3. Chi-jil(痔疾) is classified eight types by characteristic symptom, shape, etiology and pathogenesis. They are mac-chi(脈痔), jang-chi(腸痔), ki-chi(氣痔), hyeol-chi(血痔), joo-chi(酒痔), mo-chi(牡痔), bin-chi(牡痔), and loo-chi(屢痔)(or young-chi(영痔), choong-chi(蟲痔)). Additionally, they are divided into two parts, internal and external chi-jil(痔疾), as likely as classification of internal and external hemorrhoid in western medicine. 4. Treatment of chi-jil(痔疾) is two methods, internal treatment and external treatment. Internal treatment is per os herb-pharmacotheraphy, external treatment is surgical or the other external pharmacotheraphy. There are several external treatment, these are fumigation-theraphy(熏痔法). irrigation-theraphy(洗痔法), paint-theraphy(塗痔法). withering-theraphy(枯痔法), bending-therphy(結紮法) and incisal -theraphy(切開法).

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.25-55
• /
• 2011

These results of surveying public librarians can contribute to clearly identifying the status of CHI(consumer health information) services in Korea and to exploring future developments in CHI services. In this study, we investigated whether or not currently Korean public libraries are offering CHI services, whether or not they provide CHI reference services and the frequency of their use, and analyzed librarians' recognition of the need for Korean public libraries to provide the CHI services. The findings are as follows: 1) 70% of Korean public libraries are equipped with health-related books and medical journals, but the rate of libraries that are building CHI-related websites was very low at 5%. 2) The rate of providing the CHI reference services was only 30% of the surveyed public libraries. 3) 82.1% of public libraries did not provide educational programs related to CHI. 4) 82.1% of public libraries did not provide CHI-related services for vulnerable groups. 5) The rate of providing the CHI-related outreach programs and collaborating with CHI-related institutions was no more than about 20% each. These research findings can induce public librarians to provide CHI services in public libraries, and will contribute to activate the CHI-related research in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.381-402
• /
• 1999

Let {Rn($\chi$)}{{{{ { } atop {n=0} }}}} be a discrete Sobolev orthogonal polynomials (DSOPS) relative to a symmetric bilinear form (p,q)={{{{ INT _{ } }}}} pqd$\mu$0 +{{{{ INT _{ } }}}} p qd$\mu$1, where d$\mu$0 and d$\mu$1 are signed Borel measures on . We find necessary and sufficient conditions for {Rn($\chi$)}{{{{ { } atop {n=0} }}}} to satisfy a second order difference equation 2($\chi$) y($\chi$)+ 1($\chi$) y($\chi$)= ny($\chi$) and classify all such {Rn($\chi$)}{{{{ { } atop {n=0} }}}}. Here, and are forward and backward difference operators defined by f($\chi$) = f($\chi$+1) - f($\chi$) and f($\chi$) = f($\chi$) - f($\chi$-1).

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 1995

We consider the linear differential equations y〃'＋ P($\chi$)y'＋Q($\chi$)y=0 (1)(y"＋P($\chi$)y)'-Q($\chi$)y =0 (2) Where (2) in the adjoint of (1) and P($\chi$), Q($\chi$) are continuous functions satisfying P($\chi$)$\geq$0, Q($\chi$)$\leq$0, P($\chi$)-Q($\chi$)$\geq$0 on [a, ${\alpha}$). (3) In this, we show that a condition a oscillatory of(1).(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1169-1175
• /
• 2009

An antifungal chitinase, ChiCW, produced by Bacillus cereus 28-9 is effective against conidial germination of Botrytis elliptica, the causal agent of lily leaf blight. ChiCW as a modular enzyme consists of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a fibronectin type-III-like domain, and a chitin-binding domain. When two C-terminal domains of ChiCW were truncated, $ChiCW{\Delta}FC$ (lacking the chitin-binding domain and fibronectin type III-like domain) lost its antifungal activity. Since $ChiCW{\Delta}C$ (lacking the chitin-binding domain) could not be expressed in Escherichia coli as $ChiCW{\Delta}FC$ did, a different strategy based on protein engineering technology was designed to investigate the involvement of the chitin-binding domain of ChiCW ($ChBD_{ChiCW}$) in antifungal activity in this study. Because ChiA1 of Bacillus circulans WL-12 is a modular enzyme with a higher hydrolytic activity than ChiCW but not inhibitory to conidial germination of Bo. elliptica and the similar domain composition of ChiA1 and ChiCW, the C-terminal truncated derivatives of ChiA1 were generated and used to construct chimeric chitinases with $ChBD_{ChiCW}$. When the chitin-binding domain of ChiA1 was replaced with $ChBD_{ChiCW}$, the chimeric chitinase named ChiAAAW exhibited both high enzyme activity and antifungal activity. The results indicate that $ChBD_{ChiCW}$ may play an important role in the antifungal activity of ChiCW.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2010

Two chitinase producing strains CHI2 and CHI4 were isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil. Both the strains belonged to Lysobacter enzymogenes as indicated by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Though strain CHI2 and CHI4 produced extracellular chitinase, they differ in their chitinolytic activity. CHI4 produced approximately three times the higher amounts of enzyme than that of CHI2 under specified conditions. CHI2 produced $535.67U\;l^{-1}$ of chitinase after 48 h incubation with a specific activity of $3.91U\;mg^{-1}$ of protein while strain CHI4 produced $1584.13U\;l^{-1}$ of chitinase with a specific activity of $10.88U\;mg^{-1}$ protein. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular weight of chitinase enzyme was approximately 45 kDa. A faint band with a molecular weight of 55 kDa reveals the possibility for the presence of another kind of chitin binding protein. Mutant library was developed by exposing the isolates to gamma rays at their $LD_{99}$ value (0.23 kGy). Totally, 11 mutants of CHI2 and CHI4 are reported to have enhanced chitinase activity. Several leaky mutant clones with decreased enzyme activity and a defective mutant (CHI2-M16) with complete loss of chitinase activity were also identified. CHI4-M18, CHI4-M8 and CHI4-M29 showed 78.8, 41.5, and 31.9% increased chitinase activity over wild type CHI4.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to investigate solutions U$_+$ and U$^+$ for the fuzzy relation equation R$\circ$U= T in cases of R < T, R $\leq$ T, and R = T, when R is irreflexive, U$_+$ ($\chi$$_i$, $\chi$$_k$)=$\bigwedge$[R($\chi$$_i$, $\chi$$_k$) << T($\chi$$_i$, $\chi$$_k$)], U$^+$ ($\chi$$_i$, $\chi$$_k$)=$\bigwedge$[R($\chi$$_i$, $\chi$$_k$)->T($\chi$$_i$, $\chi$$_k$)].

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.1141-1158
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we study the value distribution of the derivative of a Dirichlet L-function $L^{\prime}(s,{\chi})$ at the a-points ${\rho}_{a,{\chi}}={\beta}_{a,{\chi}}+i{\gamma}_{a,{\chi}}$ of $L^{\prime}(s,{\chi})$. We give an asymptotic formula for the sum $${\sum_{{\rho}_{a,{\chi}};0<{\gamma}_{a,{\chi}}{\leq}T}\;L^{\prime}({\rho}_{a,{\chi}},{\chi})X^{{\rho}_{a,{\chi}}}\;as\;T{\rightarrow}{\infty}$$, where X is a fixed positive number and ${\chi}$ is a primitive character mod q. This work continues the investigations of Fujii [4-6], $Garunk{\check{s}}tis$ & Steuding [8] and the authors [12].

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.9A no.2
• /
• pp.267-270
• /
• 2002

The evaluation of the cumulative distribution function of the noncentral $\chi^2$ distribution is required in approximate determination of the power of the $\chi^2$ test. This article provides an algorithm for evaluating the noncentral $\chi^2$ distribution function in terms of a single "central" $\chi^2$ distribution function and compared various approximations.ximations.