• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Daegangwhal-Tang (DGHT) hot aqueous extract on production of inflammatory mediators and antioxidants in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Methods: DGHT was extracted with water, filtered, concentrated and freeze-dried to perform. Cytotoxicity of DGHT extract was performed by MTT assay. Activated macrophages were treated with varying concentrations of DGHT extract (10, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$), and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$) concentrations were measured to detect anti-oxidative effects. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha($TNF-{\alpha}$) concentrations were also measured to detect inflammatory responses to DGHT Results: Cytotoxicity of DGHT extract at concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ were not observed. NO production was significantly decreased in the DGHT hot aqueous extract $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentration group. $PGE_2$, IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was significantly decreased in the DGHT hot aqueous extract 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentration groups. DGHT hot aqueous extract appeared to have DPPH free radical scavenging capability at all of concentrations, but did not exceed 50%. Conclusion: These results suggest that DGHT hot aqueous extract has concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.1007-1018
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• 2019

In the present study, according to morphological observations followed by recent circumscriptions, we have classified the Korean taxa of the family Linderniaceae into Scrophulariaceae sensu lato has been considered in several works, though the taxa have remained undefined because identification work was mostly done according to vegetative morphological features, such as the leaf shape, leaf margins, and leaf venation. The taxa of Linderniaceae are mostly considered to be weeds and, for correct identification, it is necessary to clarify their taxonomic characteristics. Morphological studies were carried out using samples collected in the field. Micro-morphological observations of the vegetative and floral parts were also performed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We concluded that important characteristics are reproductive morphologies viz. calyx, stamen structure, capsule shape, calyx ratio with capsule, inflorescence morphology, and seed morphology. As a result, we formulated taxa descriptions and provided a key of the genera of Linderniaceae in Korea. Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. is transferred to Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl. Lindernia micrantha D. Don and L. angustifolia (Benth.) Wettstein are a synonym of Vandellia micrantha (D. Don) Eb. Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll. Lindernia attenuata Muhl. and L. dubia var. major (Pursh) Pennell are a synonym of Lindernia dubia (L.). Lindernia verbenifolia (Colsm.) Pennell is a synonym of Bonnaya antipoda Druce. Our study reports the presence of four genera: Bonnaya, Lindernia, Torenia, and Vandellia, comprising six taxa under the family Linderniaceae in Korea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of fire needling therapy and general acupuncture for the patient with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. Methods : We observed 20 lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients from March, 2014 to October, 2015. This study was randomized and assessor blinded. The patients were divided into two groups: one group(group A) was treated by general acupuncture only, and the other group(group B) was treated by fire needling therapy and general acupuncture. We evaluated the treatment effect experienced by each group using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI). Results : 1. In group A, VAS and ODI from before treatment to treatment 4, 8, 12, 16 were significantly improved in statistics. 2. In group B, VAS from before treatment to treatment 4, 8, 12, 16 was significantly improved, but ODI was significantly improved in statistics only from before treatment to treatment 12, not in treatment 4, 8, 16. 3. As a result of comparisons between group A and B, there were no statistical significance in VAS and ODI. Conclusions : This study was not able to determine statistical significance between the group treated by general acupuncture only and the group treated by fire needling therapy and general acupuncture, so further studies are required in the future.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare with the effect of general oriental medical treatment with or without ankle joint Chuna Manual Therapy for acute ankle sprain. Methods : We investigated 36cases of ankle sprain patients, and devided patients into two groups: One was treated general oriental medical treatment(Control Group) and the other was treated ankle joint Chuna Manual Therapy with general oriental medical treatment(Experimental Group). Results : 1. Each Group had significantly decrease in Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and significantly increase in Ankle-Hind-foot Scale(AHS) after treatment. 2. Experimental Group was significant differences in Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Ankle-Hind-foot Scale(AHS) compare to Control Group. Conclusions : In this clinical study, general oriental medical treatment with ankle joint Chuna Manual Therapy was more effective in reduce ankle sprain pain and improve ankle joint function.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report Bell's palsy patients with postauricular pain treated by Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus(BUM) Pharmacopuncture. Methods : The 6 patients were treated by the Korean medica treatment including herbal medication, dry needle acupuncture and physical therapy. We performed BUM Pharmacopuncture in Yepung for the treatment of postauricular pain once or twice. We have evaluated the effect of BUM Pharmacopuncture by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : After BUM Pharmacopuncture for the treatment of postauricular pain, VAS were decreased in all cases. Conclusions : It was suggested that BUM Pharmacopuncture might have effect on control of auricular pain in Bell's palsy. Further, systemic studies will be needed to evaluate obvious effect of BUM pharmacopuncture on postauricular pain of Bell's palsy.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Pimpinella saxifraga L. (Scarlet pimpernel or Burnet saxifrage), a newly introduced species, was found from Baekyakyi oreum (a parasitic cone or cinder cone) in Seogwipo, Jejudo Island. This species is native to Europe and western Asia and is reported as a widely invasive species around the world. Pimpinella saxifraga is distinguished from other related Korean taxa by leaves that are pinnately compound with 3-7 pairs of segments, which vary from simple, ovate, to 2-pinnatisect, with linear lobes. The vernacular name of "Baek-yak-yi-cham-na-mul" was assigned after the name of the cinder cone where it was initially discovered. We provide descriptions of the morphological characters, photographs and a key to allied taxa in Korea. The geographical origin and introduction routes are unknown, but it is highly likely that it was introduced as fodder given its high nutritious value for sheep and cattle or as a medicinal herb. This species invades commonly grasslands and woodlands and prefers dry, well-drained, and calcareous soils. The distribution of this species was analyzed by searching extensively in surrounding Baekyakyi oreum and adjacent cinder cones, but no other populations were observed. It is protected commonly at the edges or inside of the patchy pine forest in the cinder cone from grazing by cattle; given the worldwide invasive nature of this species, special monitoring and management plans should be developed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.109-130
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• 2013

This study is to offer the raw data for conservation and restoration of national park by surveying and analysing the vascular plants in the Gayasan national park. The flora were summarized as 102 families, 328 genera, 469 species, 4 subspecies, 59 varieties and 9 forms. The endangered plants designated by Ministry of Environment were 2 taxa; Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurus. and Gymnadenia conopsea for. albiflora Y.N.Lee. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 13 taxa; Crypsinus hastatus (Thunb.) Copel., Ligusticum tachiroei (Franch. & Sav.) M. Hiroe & Constance, Primula modesta var. fauriae (Franch.) Takeda, Lilium distichum Nakai ex Kamibay and so forth. The korean endemic plants were 15 taxa; Betula ermanii Cham., Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Stewartia pseudocamellia Maxim., Galium koreanum (Nakai) Nakai, Heloniopsis koreana Fuse, N.S. Lee & M.N. Tamura and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 66 taxa; Betula chinensis Maxim., Spiraea fritschiana Schneid., Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam., Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom., Adoxa moschatellina L. and so forth. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 22 taxa; Salix hallaisanensis H.L$\acute{e}$v., Sanguisorba argutidens Nakai, Viola albida Palib., Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey and so forth. The naturalized plants were 30 taxa; Chenopodium album L., Lepidium apetalum Willd., Trifolium pratense L., Bidens frondosa L., Helianthus tuberosus L. and so forth.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix pharmacopuncture (GP) at Hwando (GB30) in neuropathic pain induced rats. Methods : Neuropathic pain in rats was induced by tibial and sural nerve transection. The rat subjects were divided into 6 groups : normal (Nor, n = 5), control (Con, n = 5), neuropathic pain- induced injected at GB30 with 1 mg/kg GP (GP-A, n = 5), 5 mg/kg GP (GP-B, n = 5) and 20 mg/kg GP (GP-C, n = 5), and neuropathic pain-induced injected with 1mg/kg Tramadol (Tramadol, n＝5). Injections were administered 2 times a week for a total of 5 treatments. After each treatment plantar withdrawal response was measured and after all 5 treatments were completed c-fos, Bax, Bcl-2, mGlu5 and leukocytes in the blood were analyzed. Results : 1. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in the withdrawal response of mechanical allodynia compared to the control group. 2. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in the expression of c-fos compared to the control group. 3. Groups GP-A and GP-C showed a meaningful increase in the expression of mGluR5 compared to the control group. 4. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix pharmacopuncture at Hwando (GB30) could decrease mechanical allodynia and could have analgesic and neuroprotective effects on the model of neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the clinical effects of thread embedding acupuncture on lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients. Methods : This is a retrospective study based on clinical charts. Despite the treatments of acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, and physical therapy during admission period, 10 lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients who had shown few improvements in their symptoms were selected as subjects. Thread embedding acupuncture was conducted to reduce patient pain. Patient progress was categorized into three periods based on when the embedding procedure performed. Verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and a 5 step evaluation scale for satisfaction were used to analyze the outcome. Results : Regarding comparison of VNRS improvement rate, both 3 and 6 days after embedding progress showed significant difference compared to before embedding progress. ODI improvement rate showed significant difference only 6 days after embedding progress. Patients' satisfaction with treatment had increased by several degrees. Conclusion : Thread embedding acupuncture for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients may be effective in reducing pain and improving their quality of life.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1998

본 연구는 도시하천인 한강 하류부에 2차원 유한요소모형을 적용하여 하천의 수리학적 특성에 따른 오염물질의 거동특성을 모의하고 예측하기 위한 것으로서 흐름상태를 분석할 수 있는 RMA-2V 모형과 동적 수질예측이 가능한 RMA-4모형을 이용하였다. 2차원 유한요소모형을 사용하여 수질의 거동특성을 모의하여 본 결과 유량 및 유속의 변화는 오염물질의 이송확산에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 탄천 및 중랑천은 대상구역내의 수질오염에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 불시의 오염사고가 발생했을 때 오염물질이 하류부로 이동함에 따라 최대 COD 값은 감소하고,오염물질이 영향을 미치는 지속기간은 커지는 것을 알 수 있었고, 전체적으로 좌·우안의 오염물질의 농도차가 크게 나타났으며, 이로써 한강과 같은 대하천의 경우 실시간 예측시 2차원 해석이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.