• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.358-361
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• 2012

Co and Ni as catalysts in $SnO_2$ sensors to improve the sensitivity for $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas were coated by a solution reduction method. $SnO_2$ thick films were prepared by a screen-printing method onto $Al_2O_3$ substrates with an electrode. The sensing characteristics were investigated by measuring the electrical resistance of each sensor in a chamber. The structural properties of $SnO_2$ with a rutile structure investigated by XRD showed a (110) dominant $SnO_2$ peak. The particle size of the $SnO_2$:Ni powders with Ni at 6 wt% was about 0.1 ${\mu}m$. The $SnO_2$ particles were found to contain many pores according to a SEM analysis. The sensitivity of $SnO_2$-based sensors was measured for 5 ppm of $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air to that in the target gases. The results showed that the best sensitivity of $SnO_2$:Ni and $SnO_2$:Co sensors for $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature was observed in $SnO_2$:Ni sensors coated with 6 wt% Ni. The $SnO_2$:Ni gas sensors showed good selectivity to $CH_4$ gas. The response time and recovery time of the $SnO_2$:Ni gas sensors for the $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases were 20 seconds and 9 seconds, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.466-468
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• 1986

Reaction of $Ir(ClO_4)(CO)(PPh_3)_2$ with trans-$C_6H_5CH$ = $CHCO_2C_2H_5$ produces a new cationic iridium(I) complex, [Ir (trans-$C_6H_5CH$ = $CHCO_2C_2H_5)(CO)(PPh_3)_2]ClO_4$ where trans-$C_6H_5CH$ = $CHCO_2C_2H_5$ seems to be coordinated through the carbonyl oxygen rather than through the $\pi$-system of the olefinic group according to the spectral data. It has been found that Ir$(ClO_4)(CO)(PPh_3)_2$ catalyzes the hydrogenation of $CH_2$ = $CHCO_2C_2H_5$, trans-$CH_3CH$ = $CHCO_2C_2H_5$ and trans-$C_6H_5CH$ = $CHCO_2C_2H_5$ to $CH_3CH_2CO_2C_2H_5$, $CH_3CH_2CH_2CO_2C_2H_5$ and $C_6H_5CH_2CH_2CO_2C_2H_5$, respectively at room temperature under the atmospheric pressure of hydrogen. The relative rates of the hydrogenation of the unsaturated esters are mostly understood in terms of steric reasons.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.535-538
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• 1999

Five coordinated water-soluble iridium(l) complex, IrH(CO)(TPPTS)3 (1) (TPPTS = P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3-xH2O) has been prepared from the reaction of IrCl3·3H2O with TPPTS and HCHO in H2O/EtOH solution. Complex 1 catalyzes the hydration of nitrites (RC ≡ N, R = CH3, CICH2, CH3(CH2)4, Ph) in aqueous solution to give the corresponding amides (RCONH2) at 100℃. The hydration of unsaturated nitrites (R'C ≡ N, R'=CH3CH=CH, CH3OCH=CH, trans-PhCH=CH, CH2=C(CH3)) takes place regioselectively on-C ≡ N group to give unsaturated amides (R'CONH2) leaving the olefinic group intact. The yields of the amides seem to be depending on the electrophilicity of the carbon of nitrile: The more the electron withdrawing ability of the substituents on nitrites, the more amides are obtained. The hydration of dinitriles (NC-R-CN, R=(CH2)4, (CH2)6) with complex 1 initially gives mono-hydration products (NC-R-CONH2) which are slowly hydrated further to give dihydration products (H2NCO-R-CONH2). The hydration of 1,4-dicyanobutane has been found to be somewhat faster than that of 1,6-dicyanohexane.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.185-189
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• 1987

Reactions of $Ir(ClO)_4(CO)(PPh_3)_2$ with dicyano olefins, cis-NCCH = CH$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (cDC1B), trans-NCCH = CH$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (tDC1B), trans-NC$CH_2$CH = CH$CH_2$CN (tDC2B), and NC$CH_2$$CH_2$$CH_2$$CH_2$CN (DCB) produce binuclear dicationic iridium (I) complexes, $[(CO)(PPh_3)_2Ir-NC-A-CN-Ir(PPh_3)_2(CO)](ClO_4)_2$ (NC-A-CN = cDC1B (1a), tDC1B (1b), tDC2B (1c), DCB (1d)). Complexes 1a-1d react with hydrogen to give binuclear dicationic tetrahydrido iridium (Ⅲ ) complexes, $[(CO)(PPh_3)_2(H)_2Ir-NC-A-CN-Ir(H)_2(PPh_3)_2(CO)](ClO_4)_2$ (NC-A-CN = cDC1B (2a), tDC1B (2b), tDC2B (2c), DCB (2d)). Complexes 2a and 2b catalyze the hydrogenation of cDC1B and tDC1B, respectively to give DCB, while the complex 2c is catalytically active for the isomerization of tDC2B to give cDC1B and tDC1B and the hydrogenation of tDC2B to give DCB at $100^{\circ}C$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.974-978
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• 2012

The effect of Cu coating on the sensing properties of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ based sensors for the $CH_4$, $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was studied. This work was focussed on investigating the change of sensitivity of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ based sensors for $CH_4$, $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas by Cu coating. Nano sized $SnO_2$ powders were prepared by solution reduction method using stannous chloride($SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$), hydrazine($N_2H_2$) and NaOH and subsequent heat treatment. XRD patterns showed that nano $SnO_2$ powders with rutile structure were grown with (110), (101), (211) dominant peak. The particle size of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ powders at 8 wt% Cu was about 50 nm. $SnO_2$ particles were found to contain many pores, according to SEM analysis. The sensitivity of nano $SnO_2:Cu$ based sensors was measured for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in target gases. The sensitivity for both $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases was improved by Cu coating on the nano $SnO_2$ surface. The response time and recovery time of the $SnO_2:Cu$ gas sensors for the $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases were 18~20 seconds, and 13~15 seconds, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.553-556
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• 1992

The ${CO}_2$ laser absorption measurement of ${CH}_3{CH}_2Br$ utilizing photoacoustic (PA) technique was performed using a cw and a pulsed ${CO}_2$ lasers. The absorption profile in the ${CO}_2$ laser wavelength region (9-10 ${\mu}$m) and the macroscopic small signal absorption cross section at 10P(20) (10.59 ${\mu}$m, 944 $cm^{-1}$) laser line were measured using a cw ${CO}_2$ laser. The laser fluence dependence on infrared multiphoton absorption (IRMPA) was also studied with a pulsed TEA ${CO}_2$ laser at 10P(20) laser line. In view of monotonic increase of PA signal with the rise of laser fluence, it was suggested that the anharmonicity in pumped vibration mode did not restrict ir multiphoton absorption in ${CH}_3{CH}_2Br$ system as found in large molecular system.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2019

Soil moisture regulates the fate of methane ($CH_4$) in forest soil via biological and chemical processes. The instant effect of variable precipitation on $CH_4$ uptake is, however, unclear in the forest ecosystems. Here, we measured $CH_4$ flux in a temperate forest soil immediately after variable volume of water applications equivalent to 10, 20 40, and $80mm\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$ precipitation. $CH_4$ uptake was significantly higher when the water was not applied. The $CH_4$ uptake decreased significantly with increasing water application. $CH_4$ uptake was linked with air filled porosity and water filled porosity. $CH_4$ uptake response to actual precipitation intensity was in agreement with $CH_4$ uptake results in this study. $CH_4$ uptake decreased 55% at highest precipitation intensity. Since annual $CH_4$ flux is calculated with interpolation of weekly or biweekly field observations, instant effect of precipitation can mislead the interpolated annual results.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 1995

두 개 산소가교형의 $[Mo_2O_4(H_2O)_6]_2^+$와 디티오 디카르복시기를 가진 리간드를 반응시켜 $Mo_2O_4(H_2O)_2L(L:\;C_3H_7CH(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_6H_5CH(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;CH_3OC_6H_4CH(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_5H_{10}C(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_3H_7C(CH_3)(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_3H_7CH(SCH_2CH_2COOH)_2,\;C_6H_5CH(SCH_2CH_2COOH)_2)$형의 착물을 합성하고 이들 착물의 구조를 분광학적인 방법(IR, $^1H$ NMR, UV-Visible)으로 그 구조를 규명한 결과 한 개의 리간드가 두 몰리브덴 금속에 킬레이트형으로 결합되며 말단 산소간에는 트란스형을 유지하고 있으며 이들 각 말단산소의 트란스에 $H_2O$가 한 개씩 배위되어 있다. 이들 착물들의 산화 환원전위값을 순환 전압전류법으로 수용액상에서 측정한 결과 환원전위는 -0.50∼-0.58 V(vs. SCE) 사이, 산화전위는 -0.41∼-0.43 V(vs. SCE) 사이에서 나타나며 이들 산화-환원 전류비 값이 거의 1에 가깝고 전위차이 값이 0.10 V 정도인 것으로 보아 두 개 산소 가교형의 기본 골격이 유지되는 가역적인 산화-환원 반응으로 추정된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2002

The complex 1 $([Cp*Fe(CO)_2]_2-(\mu-CH=CH-CH=CH))$ which have butadiene as a bridge were synthesized from $Cp*(CO)_2FeK$ and cis-3,4-dichlorocyclobutene. The derivatives of complex 1 where one or two carbonyl groups are replaced by phosphine ligands have been prepared by photochemical substitution. The new derivatives $([Cp*Fe(L)_2]_2-(\mu-CH=CH-CH=CH))$ where L = $(Ph_2PCH_2CH_2PPh_2)$ and $([Cp*Fe(CO)(L)]_2-(\mu-CH=CH-CH=CH))$ where L : $PPh_3$ have been characterized from $^^1H-$, $^^13C-$,$^^31P-NMR$ and elemental analysis. Obtained complexes have been studied in electrochemical experiment and UV/VIS-near-IR. The mixed-valence radical cation forms of complex 2, 3 species were found to be delocalized as the Class III. Based on the separation of the waves ($\triangle E$ : 0.470 ~ 0.605 V), the efficiency of electronic communication between two metal centers of cation species leading to stabilization relative to neutral species. The phosphine-substitute complexes (2, 3) displays two reversible oxidation waves and oxidation state of metal centers-dependent color change, electrochromism, was observed from yellow to orange and deep blue in methylene chloride.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2005

A comprehensive experimental and numerical study has been conducted to understand the influence of $CH_{3}Cl$ addition on $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ premixed flames under the oxygen enrichment. The laminar flame speeds of $CH_4/CH_{3}Cl/O_2/N_2$ premixed flames at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are experimentally measured using Bunsen nozzle flame technique, varying the amount of $CH_{3}Cl$ in the fuel, the equivalence ratio of the unburned mixture, and the level of the oxygen enrichment. The flame speeds predicted by a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism employed are found to be in excellent agreement with those deduced from experiments. Even though the molar amount of $CH_{3}Cl$ in a methane flame is increased, temperature at the postflame is not significantly varied, but the calculated heat release rate and emission index of NO are largely decreased for the oxygen enhanced flame. The function of $CH_{3}Cl$ as inhibitor on hydrocarbon flames becomes weakened as the level of the oxygen enrichment is increased from 0.21 to 0.5.