• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.139-152
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• 1996

THe purpose of this study is to clarify Kitsch in the modern society and to analyze the modern fahion design adapting Kitsch's materiality. Thus this study explains the concepts and background of kitsch and examines its aes-thetic value in consideration of the relation be-tween Kitsch and plastic art. Through a theoretical examination of histori-cal documents the meaning of the Kitsch is explored from various angles. The result of this study were as follows: Kitsch began in the period of the 19th cen-tury when was society began to form and so-ciety grew to be rich. This is to say Kitsch is the result of intrusion of capitalist modernity in the domain of the aesthetic modernity The concept meant ethical something bad counterfeit and bad taste. The materialities of Kitsch are over-decor-ation unfitness the use of imitation malfunc-tion used fashion design. 1. Over-decoration is due to the material abundnce through various accessories many colors etc. 2. Unfitness is obtained by the error of ar-rangement which means the wrong cohesion of form size of material. 3. The use of imitation makes use of cheap materals such as vinyl imitation leather imi-tation fur etc. 4. Malfunction comes from losing the orig-inal function by the addition of un-neccessary functions.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2005

A decolorization process using ion exchange chromatography was developed to refine rhEGF as a cosmetic ingredient. A macroreticular resin (D314) was selected, with respect to its high decolorization rate and recovery yield of rhEGF, and the operational conditions of the decolorization process optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: the rhEGF effluent was ion exchanged at a flow rate of 60.0mL/h, with an effluent pH 5.0, using a chromatographic column (i.d. 16mm) packed with D314, with a 7.5cm in bed height. The decolorization process was carried out under the optimum conditions, and halted when the effluent volume reached 350mL, giving a decolorization rate and recovery yield of rhEGF higher than 67 and $80\%$, respectively. When the decolorization rate exceeded $67\%$, the final product turned out to be white or light yellowish, which was to the satisfaction of the cosmetic standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.28
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• pp.47-64
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• 1996

This paper is a study on the expression of Clothing and Textiles recorded in $\ulcorner Makuranosorsi(枕草子) \lrcorner$ This book was written by a Japanese servant in the Royal Court about the year 10000. In this book many kinds of clothing ornament color and materials were mentioned. The discoveries of this paper were as follows. 1. There were 85 different kinds of name In detail there were 46 Clothing and Accessories 32 Clors 11 Materials Patterns the method of Dyeing. 2. All the Clothing and Textiles in Makur-anosorsi were reflections of the reality of that times. 3. From ancient times japanse Costume was much influenced by Korea. but around the 7th century the influence increased. 4. Almost all clothing and Accessories used in Japan in the 10th century had been pre-viosly used in neighboring countries Korea and China But after they were imported to japan some of them were changed to japans hybrids especially in name and shape. 5. In Japan Clothing Colors were used in various ways sometimes colors coordinated by over lapping dress and othertimes the colors were weaved together Namely the width and length of these colorful fibres are also signifi-cant meaning. This meas that the Japanese was much more interested in color than other countries and this also proves Clothing Colors were very developed in japan by the 10th cen-tury. 6. The Materials discovered in this book were almost all silk This is the reason why $\ulcorner Makuranosorsi \lrcorner$ was the expression of the Royal Court.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6131-6134
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• 2013

Background: The two basic methods that are currently accepted to identify the HER2 status are immunohistochemistry and flyorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The aim of this study was to perform the dual-color silver in situ hybridization (dc-SISH) technique as an alternative to FISH. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 invasive breast carcinoma cases were assessed for HER2 gene amplification by FISH and dual-color SISH. Results: Significant correlation was found in the HER2 expression results obtained with the two approaches (p=0.001, p<0.05). The concordance rate was 92.3%. Conclusions: Foutine practical use of the dc-SISH method, which is much easier to apply, score, and evaluate, has many advantages. HER2 and CEN17 status can be evaluated simultaneously with the newly developed "Dual-Color Probe". All these specifications and the reliable results obtained support the widespread use of SISH technique in clinical practice.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.2606-2626
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• 2022

In this paper, a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) access deployment algorithm is proposed, which is based on an improved virtual force model to solve the poor coverage quality of UAVs caused by limited number of UAVs and random mobility of users in the deployment process of UAV base station. First, the UAV-adapted Harris Hawks optimization (U-AHHO) algorithm is proposed to maximize the coverage of users in a given hotspot. Then, a virtual force improvement model based on user perception (UP-VFIM) is constructed to sense the mobile trend of mobile users. Finally, a UAV motion algorithm based on multi-virtual force sharing (U-MVFS) is proposed to improve the ability of UAVs to perceive the moving trend of user equipments (UEs). The UAV independently controls its movement and provides follow-up services for mobile UEs in the hotspot by computing the virtual force it receives over a specific period. Simulation results show that compared with the greedy-grid algorithm with different spacing, the average service rate of UEs of the U-AHHO algorithm is increased by 2.6% to 35.3% on average. Compared with the baseline scheme, using UP-VFIM and U-MVFS algorithms at the same time increases the average of 34.5% to 67.9% and 9.82% to 43.62% under different UE numbers and moving speeds, respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.2666-2687
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• 2022

As a new alternative communication scheme in 5G, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used as a relay in the remote base station (BS) for assistant communication. In order to ameliorate the quality of the backhaul link, a UAV backhaul transmission scheme based on improved Nash equilibrium (NE) strategy is proposed. First, the capacity of air-to-ground (A2G) channel by the link preprocess is maximized. Then, the maximum utility function of each UAV is used as the basis of obtaining NE point according to the backhaul channel and the backhaul congestion. Finally, the improved NE strategy is applied in multiple iterations until maximum utility functions of all the UAVs are reached, and the UAVs which are rejected by air-to-air (A2A) link during the process would participate in the source recovery process to construct a multi-hop backhaul network. Simulation results show that average effective backhaul rate, minimum effective backhaul rate increases by 10%, 28.5% respectively in ideal A2G channel, and 11.8%, 42.3% respectively in fading channel, comparing to pure NE strategy. And the average number of iterations is decreased by 5%.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33.3-34
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• 2020

The Milky Way (MW) and other systems including M31 and Cen A have flattened structures of their satellites (Disk of Satellites, DoS). Such structures are rare in simulations under the ΛCDM paradigm. DoS is known to depend mainly on 1) the alignment of satellite orbits and 2) the degree of central concentration of satellites. In this work, we examine quantitatively how these two parameters affect the flatness of a system. We find that the MW-like DoS is rare in IllustrisTNG100 simulation because its two parameters are out of the 1-s range and furthermore the MW has a structure more flattened than the other systems having similar parameters. Besides, we propose a new criterion for the MW-like systems superseding the conventional ones such as major-minor axis ratio of the MW's DoS with a value of 0.183. Each satellite system has a specific orbital combination and thus has a particular distribution of its parameters (and thus flatness). The median of the distribution is set as the representative value of each system. And the representative value of the MW can be used as a new criterion for classifying the MW-like DoS. We reconstruct the orbital combination of the observed MW satellites using GAIA DR2 data and find the systems in the simulation that have representative values similar to the new criterion from the reconstructed MW system. This allows us a new interpretation on the rarity of MW-like DoS in cosmological simulations.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2006

The asymmetric biosynthesis of ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydrobutanoate from ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate was investigated by using whole cells of Candida magnoliae JX120-3 without the addition of glucose dehydrogenase or $NADP^+/NADPH$. In a one-phase system, the bioconversion yield was seriously affected on the addition of 12.1 g/L ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate. In order to reduce this substrate inhibition, a water/ n-butyl acetate two-phase system was developed, and the bioreduction conditions optimized with regard to the yield and product enantiometric excess value. The optimal conditions were as following: water to n-butyl acetate volume ratio of 1:1, 4.0 g DCW/L active cells, 50 g/L glucose and $35^{\circ}C$. By adopting a dropwise substrate feeding strategy, high concentration of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (60 g/L) could be asymmetrically reduced to ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydrobutanoate with high yield (93.8%) and high enantiometric excess value (92.7%).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2525-2528
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• 2013

The Homer protein family, also known as the family of cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, which include three subtypes (Homer1, Homer2, Homer3). Homer3 can regulate transcription and play a very important role in the differentiation and development for some tissues (e.g. muscle and nervous systems). The current studies showed that Homer3 abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Forced expression of Homer3 in transfected K562 cells inhibited proliferation, influenced the cell cycle profile, affected apoptosis induced by $As_2O_3$ through inhibition of Bcl2 expression, and also promoted cell differentiation induced by 12-O-tetra decanoylphorbol-acetate (TPA). These results showed that Homer3 is a novel gene which plays a certain role in the occurrence and development of AML.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2005

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) displays high toxicity in animals and has been implicated in human carcinogenesis. Although the mechanism of carcinogenesis by TCDD is unclear, it is considered to be a non-genotoxic compound and tumor promoter. In our experiment, we investigated the effects of TCDD on gene expression in mouse skin carcinogenesis. We used cDNA microarray to detect the differential gene expression in tumors induced in hairless mouse skin by MNNG plus TCDD protocol. We found that erb-2, c-ets2 and p27$^{kip1}$ were significantly up-regulated, but TNFR2, AKT-l, integrin $\beta$l, maspin, IGF-l, c-raf-l, Rb were significantly down-regulated, in tumor region, respectively. We also found that the expression of 53 genes involved in cen cycle, signal transduction, apoptosis, adhesion molecule, angiogenesis, and invasion, were changed two fold more, in tumor surrounding region. These data suggest that TCDD alters the expression of a large array of genes involved in apoptosis, cytokine production and angiogenesis in mouse skin carcinogenesis.