• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2012

Construction management is essential for a achieving any pre-determined objective. It is however seen that in spite of construction management, majority of the project do not keep up their original time schedule and their completion cost is also higher as compared with the estimated cost The main reason for overrun in time and cost is that the planning at the outset of the project was not adequate or method of planning was not a refined one. In this research work, I showed the overall conditions of construction work and management in Sylhet city of Bangladesh and found many drawbacks in the construction management after completing my research. I found several factors affecting proper construction management and I have provided brief results. I have also provided some recommendations after my research work.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2020

Based on the capture-emission energy (CEE) maps of CMOS devices, a physics-informed machine learning model for the bias temperature instability (BTI)-induced threshold voltage shifts and low frequency noise is presented. In order to incorporate physics theories into the machine learning model, the integration of artificial neural network (IANN) is employed for the computation of the threshold voltage shifts and low frequency noise. The model combines the computational efficiency of IANN with the optimal estimation of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with soft clustering. It enables full lifetime prediction of BTI under various stress and recovery conditions and provides accurate prediction of the dynamic behavior of the original measured data.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.196-205
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• 2007

China power market is fast changing. The strong economic growth does make BOT power projects to be one of the focuses for investment in China due to the huge demand for energy by the Chinese government. Since late 80's,various power projects BOT studies have been carried out but appear too fragmented which fail to linked the BOT studies to the most recent government policies' changes or market movement. This study has carried out analysis on the recent changes in China power industry reform and local government authority empowerment. The impact of those changes to BOT investment has been identified and recommendations have been made on the new opportunities and new strategies especially from the Singapore's investors' point of view. A case study on BOT hydropower plant has been presented which could be a suitable model for Singapore investors.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 남극 장보고기지 건설 시 발생하는 온실가스 배출량을 자재생산단계와 시공단계로 구분하여 산정하였다. 또한, 시공단계의 배출원은 각각 해양수송과 내륙수송, 건설장비 사용, 건설캠프 운영으로 분류하여 온실가스 배출량을 구체적으로 산정하였다. 전과정평가 개념을 도입해 남극 장보고기지 건설에 투입되는 자재생산을 통해 배출되는 온실가스 배출량은 기지 건설에 따른 전체 온실가스 배출량의 23.8%에 해당하는 8,933 ton (as $CO_{2eq}$)으로 산정되었으며, 향후 남극 신규기지의 건설 시 자재생산을 통한 온실가스 배출이 반드시 고려해야 할 대상인 것으로 판단되었다. 남극 장보고기지 시공단계(총 2단계)에서의 온실가스 배출량은 1단계에 비해서 2단계에 비교적 많이 배출되었으며, 이는 2단계 때 수송화물선이 부산까지 회항하여 정박하므로 연료사용량이 증가하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 시공단계의 온실가스 배출원 가운데 해양수송이 내륙수송, 건설장비 사용 및 건설캠프 운영에 비해 다량의 온실가스를 배출하는 것으로 판명되었다. 남극 장보고기지 건설에 따른 자재생산단계와 시공단계를 통합한 전체 온실가스 배출량은 총 34,486 ton (as $CO_{2eq}$)으로 기존 남극기지 포괄적 환경영향평가(CEE)상에 제시된 온실가스 총배출량과 비교 시 다량의 온실가스가 배출되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기존 CEE상에 제시된 온실가스 배출량 산정 시 건설에 투입되는 자재생산을 통해 발생하는 온실가스 배출량 산정이 고려되지 않고, 단순히 자재수송 및 시공단계만을 고려하여 온실가스 배출량을 개략적으로 산정하였기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1842-1848
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• 2015

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) has been known to be more bioavailable than cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R), the most abundant anthocyanin in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis). The aim of this study was to enhance the bioavailability of anthocyanins in black raspberry by cleaving ʟ-rhamnose in C3R using crude enzyme extracts (CEEs) from Aspergillus usamii KCTC 6956, A. awamori KCTC 60380, A. niger KCCM 11724, A. oryzae KCCM 12698, and A. kawachii KCCM 32819. The enzyme activities of the CEEs were determined by a spectrophotometric method using ρ-nitrophenyl-rhamnopyranoside and ρ-nitrophenyl-glucopyranoside. The CEE from A. usamii had the highest α-ʟ-rhamnosidase activity with 2.73 U/ml at 60℃, followed by those from A. awamori and A. niger. When bioconversion of C3R to C3G in black raspberry was analyzed by HPLC-DAD, the CEEs from A. usamii and A. awamori hydrolyzed 95.7% and 95.6% of C3R to C3G, respectively, after 2 h incubation. The CEEs from A. kawachii and A. oryzae did not convert C3R to C3G in black raspberry.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.215-244
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• 2004

There is an ever-increasing demand for assessment of earthquake effects on transportation structures, emphasised by the crippling consequences of recent earthquakes hitting developed countries reliant on road transportation. In this work, vulnerability functions for RC bridges are derived analytically using advanced material characterisation, high quality earthquake records and adaptive inelastic dynamic analysis techniques. Four limit states are employed, all based on deformational quantities, in line with recent development of deformation-based seismic assessment. The analytically-derived vulnerability functions are then compared to a data set comprising observational damage data from the Northridge (California 1994) and Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe 1995) earthquakes. The good agreement gives some confidence in the derived formulation that is recommended for use in seismic risk assessment. Furthermore, by varying the dimensions of the prototype bridge used in the study, and the span lengths supported by piers, three more bridges are obtained with different overstrength ratios (ratio of design-to-available base shear). The process of derivation of vulnerability functions is repeated and the ensuing relationships compared. The results point towards the feasibility of deriving scaling factors that may be used to obtain the set of vulnerability functions for a bridge with the knowledge of a 'generic' function and the overstrength ratio. It is demonstrated that this simple procedure gives satisfactory results for the case considered and may be used in the future to facilitate the process of deriving analytical vulnerability functions for classes of bridges once a generic relationship is established.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.422-430
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• 2023

To build an automated system detecting toxic chemicals from Raman spectra, we have to obtain sufficient data of toxic chemicals. However, it usually costs high to gather Raman spectra of toxic chemicals in diverse situations. Tackling this problem, we develop methods to generate synthetic Raman spectra of DMMP and 2-CEES without actual experiments. First, we propose certain mathematical transforms to augment few original Raman spectra. Then, we train deep generative models to generate more realistic and diverse data. Analyzing synthetic Raman spectra of toxic chemicals generated by our methods through visualization, we qualitatively verify that the data are sufficiently similar to original data and diverse. For conclusion, we obtain a synthetic dataset of DMMP and 2-CEES with the proposed algorithm.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was ratified in 1991. With the aim to ensure comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment, it contains provisions on environmental protection and conservation of the Antarctic area, including provisions for Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment is a method used to predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, and find ways to mitigate or prevent adverse impacts in order to maintain balance between development activities and environmental conservation. Internationally, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the Antarctic is classified into three types - preliminary, Initial, and Comprehensive - based on the environmental impacts of the proposed activities. In case of the Preliminary Environmental Review (PER), proposed activity may proceed in accordance to the national procedures and drafting of an outline. However, Initial (IEE) and Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) assess and verify the impacts of the proposed activity, and require methods or alternatives for mitigating or eliminating negative impacts on the environment. Although Korea's Act of 'Activities and Environmental Protection in Antarctica' also includes provisions on EIA for activities in Antarctica, there are obvious contrasts with the EIAs currently being conducted in Korea, in regards to deciding the level of EIA through screening and identifying key issues for assessment through scoping. In order to implement the proper EIA, more improved methods for drafting and reviewing the EIA to Antarctica in Korea are necessary.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

Purpose - After the transition, the development of defense industry in Eastern Europe has been regressed. Recently, they have internationally recognized that new products have been exported and contributed to the Innovation-Based Manufacturing of national economy such as unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, water purification technology, and mobile chemical laboratory, etc. The military forces in Eastern Europe are re-armed by the localization of self-produced munitions in their own defense industry, and then emphasize fostering their own defense industry. Thus, if they make a collaboration with other nations as a industrial cluster, it will gain a competitive edge on the defense industry. Research design, data, and methodology - The study was designed with the data of each national defense department. The research of the subject was reviewed before and after the transition. Thousands of workers have worked in defense industries before the transition, however, the defense industry and experts left after the transition. The Hungarian defense spending on GDP also dropped sharply from 1.72% in 2000 to 0.85% in 2013. But, due to the crisis in Ukraine and the crisis of Syrian refugees, the Viségrad Group (V4) member countries have also increased their interest in a defense and industries as well as the confidence in the EU and NATO. Results - On the whole, the joint of military training and purchase of defense materials were found in order to form the EU cooperative combat troops in CEE. There are the implementation of a joint manual plan for strengthening V4 security policy and the joint military exercises for V4 every year, and the others are electronic warfare and innovation of V4 national forces. Through such a performance analysis methodology, we found that the defense industry is developed through the national cluster cooperation among CEEs and spreading global distribution. Conclusions - Eastern Europe and Balkan countries have been looking forward to cooperating with the non-EU countries such as Korea and other defense industries. There are a lot of potential development into a new civilian cooperation defense industry for global-distribution. Thus, Korea should develop electronic commercial applications, not just as a weapon exporting region.