• 보존과학연구
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• s.34
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• pp.20-29
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• 2013

Paper, textile and wood materials are mainly consisted of cellulose. Cellulose is high molecule and make up the strong crystalline structure by hydrogen bonds. In particular, the polymerization degree of cellulose are closely related to the strength of fiber, and the permanence. the useful life of fiber, also depends on the degradation of this substance. The viscosity of cellulose is considered to be an important indicator of fiber damage in high molecule polymers. The viscosity measurements with CED solution is used to measure the molecular weight and the degree of polymerization of cellulose. Cellulose viscosity of wood fibers is measured with TAPPI standard method T230. However, TAPPI standard method T230 is difficult to completely dissolving the cellulose of high molecular weight and large degree of polymerization, such as Korea traditional papers and fabrics made with mulberry, ramie, cotton fibers. In this study, The high viscosity of hanji and fabric was measured with TAPPI standard method T254. T254 method is that the cellulose specimen with the proper amount of weaker (0.167M CED) solution, and completely dissolved with the stronger (1.0M CED) solution. It was found that cellulose with high degree of polymerization was dissolved more easily in general CED method.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Cellulosic materials were dissolved by NMMO(N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide) and CED (Cupriethylene diamine), respectively, to measure their DPs (degrees of polymerization) by using viscometer. We changed cellulose DPs by applying various amounts of low intensity electron-beam radiation to the cellulosic materials. NMMO is environmental-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable organic cellulose solvent and used industrially because of its high cellulose dissolving power and high solvent recovery ratio. The cellulose DP measurement results using these two different chemicals were correlated highly ($R^2$ >0.95). It was also found that cellulose with high DP was dissolved more easily in NMMO than CED. In addition, NMMO method gave more higher resolution in the measurement.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

In this study, paper mill applicability of two kinds of cotton pulps which have different initial freeness, fiber length and intrinsic fiber strength were investigated. Basic properties such as CED viscosity, fiber length, and crystallinity of major two kinds of cotton pulps were analyzed, and beatability of cotton pulps and physical properties of handsheet made from two kinds of cotton pulps were compared. Laboratory beating was performed at different refining conditions such as refining loads and freenesses. Relationship between beating degree and physical properties of handsheet were compared to seek optimum condition of refining for different cotton pulps application to paper mill.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.8-16
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of the separated refining system in the papermaking process using cotton pulps. The cotton staple and linter fibers were expected to show a great difference in their refining responses due to their morphological and physical differences. Experiments were conducted to examine the differences in flocculation tendency, CED viscosity, fiber length, handsheet properties and the SEM surface images between staple and linter fibers at a given refining degree. These fibers were also subjected to separated refining in a laboratory-scale beater and in a mill-scale refiner as well. The effect of the separated refining on the refining rates and papermaking properties were evaluated. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Fiber flocculation tendency of cotton staple was estimated to be significantly greater than that of linter fibers; 2. The staple fibers showed higher cellulose DP, longer fiber length and higher sheet strength at a given refining degree compared to linter fibers, but remarkably slower refining rate was observed; 3. The separated refining system exhibited a significant increase in sheet strengths, especiauy in folding endurance, with an increase in the fibrillation on the surface of staple fibers, but slightly lower or comparable fiber length after refining to the mixed refining system; 4. Similar results were also obtained from the machine trial in which about 7-8％ energy saving effects were achived in the separated refining system. On the basis of the results observed in this study, it was concluded that a significant increase in paper strength and a substantial reduction in refining energy consumption could be achieved using the separated refining system for the cotton staple and linter fiber stock refining.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.429-449
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• 1992

The consumption of foods rich in TDF should not be associated with impaired mineral absorp-tion and long-term mineral status. In surveys of populations consuming high amounts of TDF e.g Third World populations and vegetarinas gross deficiencies in mineral nutrition have not been noted. If mineral status is low among these groups it is most likely caused by the inadequacy or imbalance of the diet and not by the TDF. The key word is interaction which should be inte-rpreted in dietary imbalances that produce nut-rient deficiencies. There are no strong data to support the concept that TDF inhibits mineral absorption through a binding chelation mechanism. Limited data sug-gest that positively charged groups on polymers such as chitosan and cholestyramine will decrease iron absorption in humans and animals. Because TDF does not contain positively charged groups future research should be directed at the possible role of protein consumed along with TDF and the combination of effects on mineral nutrition Phytic acid is acknowledged as a potent chela-tor of zinc. However its association with zinc and its propensity to lower Zn bioavaiability may enhance the absorption of other elements notably copper and iron. The importance of interactions among nutrients including TDF will gain addi-tional attention in the scientific community. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber function di-fferently in the intestine. Insoluble fibers accele-rate movement through the intestine. Soluble die-tary fibers appear to regulated blood concentra-tions of glucose and cholesterol albeit by some unknown mechanism. In creased viscosity produ-ced by the SDF in the intestine may provide an explanation of how this class of polymers affects plasma glucose cholesterol and other nutrients. Employing a double-perfusion technique in the rat we demonstrated that viscosity produced by SDF will delay transfer of zinc into the circulatory system. This delayed absorption should not be interpreted as decreased utilization. A great deal of additional research is required to prove the importance of luminaly viscosity produced by SDF on slowing nutrient absorption or regulating bllod nutrient homeostasis. Increased intake of TDF in the total human diet appears desirable. A dietary intake of 35g/day should not be considered to have a negative effect on mineral absorption. It is important to educate people that an intake of more than 35g TDF/day may cause an imbalance in the diet that can adve-rsely affect mineral utilization. Acknowledgments. Appreciation is given to Dr. George V. Vahouny(deceased) who was intense a great competitor in and out of science and who gave the author inspiration Portions of this work were supported by the University of Missouri Ag-ricultural Station and by a grant from the Univer-rch Support Grant RR 07053 from the National Institutes of Health. Contribution of the Missouri Agriculatural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 10747.