• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.293-296
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain physical characteristics of paper board and to measure bulge of 1,000 mL carton pak by different storage conditions. Water holding capacity of paper boards were mean of 5.6～7.0％, stiffness of machine direction(MD) was 243.3～266.7 g/cm and cross direction(CD) was 99.2～109.2 g/cm, respectively. The weight of 1,000 mL carton pak were in the range of 29.17～31.26 g. The bulge of carton paks were 6.33～6.93 mm after 7 days at 6$^{\circ}C$ storage, 7.26～8.56 mm after 7 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ and was 8.66 mm after 7 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ treated with 1 hour heat shock per day, respectively. According to this result, the bulge length of 1,000 mL carton pak was showed increased pattern upon increasing the storage temperature and the order was 6$^{\circ}C$ < l0$^{\circ}C$ < 10$^{\circ}C$＋ heat shock. To prevent bulge occurence, it was thought to control storage temperature and humidity of paper board or carton pak and to minimize their shock on cold chain system after filling process.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 1984

The dependence of polarographic parameters on the pressure for the reduction of In(III), Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Tl(I) in 0.1M KCl aqueous solution at the dropping mercury electrode have been discussed. In this experiment the temperature varied from $25^{\circ}C\;to\;35^{\circ}C$ and the pressure ranges from 1 atmosphere to 1,800 atmospheres. By increasing the pressure the reduction half-wave potentials of all metal ions are shifted markedly to more negative values and the diffusion currents of all metal ions become considerably larger. The slope of the linear relationship of E vs. log[$\frac{id-i)}{i}$] become much larger with increase in pressure, which indicates more irreversible reduction. The temperature coefficient observed over the range of the temperature from $25^{\circ}C\;to\;35^{\circ}C$ are not sensitive with increase in pressure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 1986

Concentration dependences of the isotropic Raman line widths for the $ {\nu}_1$ (C-H and C-D) and the ${\nu}_2\;(C{\equiv}N)$ modes for $CH_3CN$ and $CD_3CN\;in\;CCl_4$ solutions have been investigated. For the ${\nu}_1$ modes, the dephasing seems to be a good description for the isotropic line broadening in $CCl_4$ solution even though the concentration fluctuation can reproduce the experimental results also. For the ${\nu}_2$ modes, the concentration fluctuation was the dominant mechanism for the concentration-dependent line broadening.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2014

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in impairing the function of T cells. We characterized MDSCs in two chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cohorts: a cross-sectional group that included 61 treatment-naive patients with CHC, 14 rapid virologic response (RVR) cases and 22 early virologic response (EVR) cases; and a longitudinal group of 13 cases of RVR and 10 cases of EVR after pegylated-interferon-${\alpha}$/ribavirin treatment for genotype 1b HCV infection. Liver samples from 32 CHC patients and six healthy controls were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. MDSCs frequency in treatment-naive CHC was significantly higher than in RVR, EVR, or healthy subjects and was positively correlated with HCV RNA. Patients infected with HCV genotype 2a had a significantly higher frequency of MDSCs than those infected with genotype 1b. Decreased T cell receptor (TCR) ${\zeta}$ expression on $CD8^+$ T cells was significantly associated with an increased frequency of MDSCs in treatment-naive CHC patients and was restored by L-arginine treatment in vitro. Increased numbers of liver arginase-$1^+$ cells were closely associated with the histological activity index in CHC. The TCR ${\zeta}$ chain was significantly downregulated on hepatic $CD8^+$ T cells in CHC. During antiviral follow up, MDSCs frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was directly correlated with the HCV RNA load in the plasma and inversely correlated with TCR ${\zeta}$ chain expression in $CD8^+$ T cells in both RVR and EVR cases. Notably, the RVR group had a higher frequency of MDSCs at baseline than the EVR group. Collectively, this study provides evidence that MDSCs might be associated with HCV persistence and downregulation of CD8 ${\zeta}$ chain expression.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) growing on Carpinus laxiflora BL. on proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Aqueous extract and its $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ saturated fractions of the mistletoe exhibited potent anti-proliferation activity against HL-60 cells. Moreover, when HL-60 cells were treated with 0~30% and 30～70% $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ saturated fractions of the mistletoe, HL-60 expressed CD 66b or CD 14 cell surface antigens and showed activity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, indicating that mistletoe induces the differentiation of HL-60 into granulocytes or monocytes. To understand how mistletoe induces the differentiation, we investigated the expression of molecules for modulating the proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells, such as c-Myc and myeloblastin. The 0~30% $(NH_2)_2SO_4$ saturated fraction of the mistletoe reduced the mRNA levels of c-Myc and myeloblastin in a time-dependent manner. The results indicate that the mistletoe induces the differentiation of HL-60 cells via the decrease of c-Myc and myeloblastin expressions. Thus, it is suggested that mistletoe has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.480-484
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• 2002

Costunolide has been reported to be a cytotoxic and chemopreventive agent. This work investigated the mechanism of the anti proliferative effect of costunolide and determined that it induced differentiation of the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Costunolide exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells. It was also found to be a potent inducer of differentiation in human leukemia derived HL-60 cells through the examination of differentiation markers, as assessed by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, the increase in esterase activities and phagocytic activity, morphology change and the expression of CD14 and CD66b surface antigens. These results, accompanied by a decline in the expression of c-myc protein, suggest that costunolide induces differentiation of human leukemia cells to granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages lineage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 1997

1993년부터 1995년까지 약 3개년 동안 우리 나라에서 사육하고 있는 가축의 유병율을 조사한 결과, 닭 16,200수 중에서 54수(0.3%)가 괴사성 장염에 이환 되었으며 새끼돼지 620두 중에서 9두(13.8%)가 장독혈증에 이환 되었다. C. perfringens의 분리율을 조사한 결과, 괴사성 장염에 이환 되어있는 닭 54수 중 7수(13.0%)에서 본균이 분리되었으며 장독혈증에 이환 되어있는 새끼돼지 66두 중 14두(21.2%)에서 본균이 분리되었고 장독혈증에 이환 되어있는 소 9두 중 3두(33.3%)에서 본균이 분리되었다. Acriflavine을 이용하여 C. perfringens의 S-R변이를 조사한 결과, S-R변이는 mercuric chloride, nicotine, caffeine, cysteine, glucose 등의 순으로 나타났는데, 이중 mercuric chloride가 가장 감수성이 높았다. C. perfringens의 항균요법제에 대한 감수성은 cepalothin, penicillin, erythromycin, amikacin 등이 높은 감수성을 나타내었는데, S-R변이 후에는 감수성이 일반적으로 저하되는 경향이었다. 중화시험법을 이용하여 C. perfringens의 독소형을 분류한 결과, cd 24균주 중 22균주(91.7%)는 A형이었으며 2균주(8.3%)는 C형이었다.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.66-68
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• 2006

SUF machinery in Echerichia coli, responsible for the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters, is composed of six protein components (SufABCDSE), among which SufB, SufC, and SufD associate in a complex. We have determined the structures of SufA, SufC, and SufD by X-ray crystallography. SufA is a dimer, in which C-terminal segments containing essential cysteine residues (Cys-Gly-Cys) are positioned to allow coordination of an Fe-S cluster and/or an Fe atom. SufC has the overall structure similar to that of ABC-ATPase but takes an inactive form. SufD has a ${\beta}-helix$ flanked with a-helical domains. We also studied the functional roles of the residues in SufD by mutagenesis and determined the crystal structure of SufCD complex. Molecular mechanism of Fe-S cluster biosynthesis is discussed on the basis of the structural and functional evidence.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 1990

The distribution of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna aequinoctialis was investigated and the limiting factors on the distribution were analyzed. At 66 sites in Korea, the presense or absense of duckweed were recorded and the water was sampled. The temperature, hardness, pH and contents of N, , , Na, K, Ca, Cu, Mg, Zn, Fe, Ni, Mn and Cd of water sampled were analyzed. The results were as follows; It seemed that the limiting factors influencing on the distribution was water temperature and concentration of . The critical temperature of the distribution of Spirodela and Lemna was presented 19.5$^{\circ}C$ and concentration of was limiting factor only in the distribution of S. polyrhiza. L. aequinoctialis was distributed in lower temperature than S. polyrhiza and it seemed that the distribution of L. aequinoctialis was not be influenced by the concentration of .

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 1995

Omeprazole(OMP) complexes such as inclusion complexes of OMP with $hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$(HPCD) and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin({\beta}-CD)$, OMP-cholestyramine(CHL) and OMP-ethylenediamine(OMP-ED) were prepared, respectively. The partition coefficients in Witepsol H-15 /pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution of OMP complexes$(OMP-HPCD;\;3.69{\pm}0.26,\;OMP-{\beta}-CD;\;4.08{\pm}0.21,\;OMP-CHL;\;4.36{\pm}0.25\;and\;omeprazole\;sodium(OMP-Na);\;3.64{\pm}0.37)$ were higher than that of OMP $(2.66{\pm}0.47)$. OMP was not completely dissolved until even 3 hrs, but all the OMP complexes studied were released about 100% in 20 min. The rectal suppositories containing OMP or each above OMP complex were prepared using Witepsol H-15 base, and their dissolution and stability were examined, and pharmacokinetic study were investigated after their rectal administrations to the rabbits. While the suppository containing OMP was released only less than 60% in 150 min, $OMP-{\beta}-CD$, OMP-CHL, OMP-Na and OMP-ED suppositories were all released about 65% in 20 min. Especially, OMP-HPCD suppository released OMP about 70% in 10 min. All the additives such as sodium laurylsulfate, eglumine, arginine and PVP increased drug release from OMP-HPCD suppository to some extent. The decomposition rate constants of OMP in the suppositories were $9.117{\times}10^{-3}\;day^{-l}$ for OMP suppository, $2.121{\times}10^{-2}$ for OMP-HPCD, $1.607{\times}10^{-2}$ for $OMP-{\beta}-CD$, $9.26{\times}10^{-3}$ for OMP-Na, $6.769{\times}10^{-3}$ for OMP-CHL and $5.58{\times}10^{-3}\;day^{-l}$ for OMP-ED suppository, respectively. Additives such as arginine, eglumine and ED had some stabilizing effect for OMP-HPCD, OMP-CHL and OMP-Na suppositories, respectively. After 6 month-storage at $30^{\circ}C$, 75% RH, OMP-CHL suppository was most stable. The values of Tmax for OMP-HPCD and OMP-Na suppositories were $11.7{\pm}2.36\;and\;11.4{\pm}2.56\;min$, respectively. The values of Cmax for OMP-HPCD and OMP-CHL suppository were $2.31\;{\mu}g/ml\;(p<0.01)\;and\;1.89\;{\mu}g/ml\;p<0.01)$, respectively. The values of AUC for OMP and $OMP-{\beta}-CD$ suppository were $61.9{\pm}25.79\;and\;68.6{\pm}29.48\;{\mu}g\;{\cdot}\;min/ml$, and the corresponding values for OMP-HPCD and OMP-CHL were $106.1{\pm}43.16\;(p<0.05)\;and\;127.3{\pm}42.52\;{\mu}g\;{\cdot}\;min/ml(p<0.01)$, respectively. The above results indicate the OMP-HPCD and OMP-CHL suppositories have the excellent bioavailabilties in vivo study.