• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2006

We have examined the induction of HL-60 cell differentiation by treatment of the water extract of Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum, which is a Korean traditional herbal medicine. It was observed that HL-60 cell proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with various dose of Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum extract. The level of inhibition was identical to those of ATRA-treated cells. Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum extract treatment caused a significant change in NBT reduction (47%) and enhanced ATRA-induced NBT reduction. Treatment of Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum to HL-60 cells increased only CD11 b expression in the cells, and also increased markedly G0/G1 stage arrest. This can suggest that Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum induced the differentiation of HL-60 cell and enhanced ATRA-induced differentiation predominantly along the granulocytic lineage. The results present here show that Rhizoma Zingiberis Siccatum extract contains the potential effect of differentiation induction or acts as a agent enhancing the induction of differentiation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.446-454
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the efficacy of SHT against atopic dermatitis (AD), various immune related cytokines as well as histological comparison were performed in animal models, and the results are described. Clinical skin index of the SHT treated group decreased significantly in weeks 11 and 13, compared to the control group. Also, CD4+ immune cell ratio in the dorsal skin was significantly decreased to 69%, and both epidermal and dermal skin thickness was decreased. Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-${\alpha}$, which are all important markers of inflammation, were decreased to 64%, 44%, 87%, 48%, and 45%, respectively. The expression of histamine, a chemical transmitter increasingly released during the progression of inflammation, was significantly decreased to 47%. The production of IgE immunoglobulin was significantly decreased to 16% compared to the control group. In conclusion, SHT pacifies the activation of T cells, leading to suppression of both Th2 cytokine overexpression and infiltration of immune cells into skin. As a result, relative thinning of both epidermis and dermis were observed. With the results obtained from in vitro studies, the immune modulatory effect of SHT in AD animal models was experimentally demonstrated. This study should provide solid information to construct EBM and for clinical practice.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

One of the main attractions of treatment with herbal medicine is its apparent lack of side effects compared with the drug therapies used in allopathic medicine. However, evidence from various countries suggest that Asian herbal medicine carry a significant risk of contamination with toxic heavy metals at levels that may seriously threaten health. The aims of this study were to analyze and compare concentrations of heavy metals in urine and hair from 184 patients taking herbal medicines in the form of decoctions and/or pills in comparison to 101 control subjects taking either Western or no medications. Levels of metal concentrations exceeding WHO reference values were observed in a number of hair and urine samples for all subjects. After adjusting for potential confounders, taking decoctions or pills was associated with higher levels of some metals (such as Cu, Pb in urine), as well a higher odds ratio of exceeding the upper limit of reference ranges for Pb, Hg in hair. In contrast, taking decoctions or pills was associated with lower levels of some metals (such as Cu in urine and Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb in hair), suggesting that some herbal medicines may have a chelating effect on heavy metals in the body. Overall, the results obtained in the study show a mixed picture and suggest that heavy metals contamination in herbs is sometimes present, but may also be counteracted by the potential for some herbal medicines to act as chelating agents. Further study must be followed to obtain more concrete evidence.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

Although the demands for the dredging work have been increasing due to social and industrial reasons including national plan for restoration of four major rivers, environmental standards or management guidelines for the dredged river sediment are limited. The suggested environmental standard for the beneficial use of dredged river sediment consists of two levels, recyclable and concern, and includes eight contaminants such as metals and organic contaminants. The systematic approach to remediate dredged river sediment is also suggested. The system consists of both washing and stabilization processes with continuous multi particle separation. In the early stage, the sediments are separated into two particle sizes. The coarse-grained sediment over 0.075 mm, generally decontaminated with less trouble, follows normal washing steps and is sent for recycling. The fine-grained sediments under 0.075 mm are separated again at 0.025 mm. The particles bigger than this second separation point are treated in two ways, advanced washing for highly contaminated sediments and stabilization for less. The lab test results show that birnessite and apatite are most effective stabilizing agents among tested for Cd and Pb. The most fine residues, down-sized by continuous particle separation, are finally sent for disposal. The system is tested for metals in this study, but is expected to be effective for organic contaminants included in the environmental standard, such as PAH and PCE. The feasibility test on the field site will be followed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

β-Glucosidase production by the white rot fungus Flammulina velutipes CFK 3111 was evaluated using different carbon and nitrogen sources under submerged fermentation. Maximal extracellular enzyme production was 1.6 U/ml, corresponding to a culture grown in sucrose 40 g/land asparagine 10 g/l. High production yield was also obtained with glucose 10 g/land asparagine 4 g/l medium (0.5 U/ml). Parameters affecting the enzyme activity were studied using p-nitrophenyl-β-_D-glucopyranoside as the substrate. Optimal activity was found at 50℃ and pHs 5.0 to 6.0. Under these conditions, β-glucosidase retained 25% of its initial activity after 12 h of incubation and exhibited a half-life of 5 h. The addition of MgCl₂, urea, and ethanol enhanced the β-glucosidase activity up to 47%, whereas FeCl₂, CuSO₄, Cd(NO₃)₂, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide inflicted a strong inhibitory effect. Glucose and cellobiose also showed an inhibitory effect on the β-glucosidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The enzyme had an estimated molecular mass of 75 kDa. To the best of our knowledge, F. velutipes CFK 3111 β-glucosidase production is amongst the highest reported to date, in a basidiomycetous fungus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2020

The study was conducted for quantitive determination of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals present in Spilanthes acmella Hutch and Dalz, a traditionally used important medicinal plant. The results illustrated the presence of substantial amounts of essential nutrient elements in different parts of the plant. K and Mg were detected in the range between 36.35 ± 1.01 to 67.78 ± 1.33 g/kg and 2.17 ± 0.13 to 7.02 ± 0.84 g/kg of DWS respectively. While the essential micronutrients Fe, Na, Mn, Zn and Cu were detected in the range between 62.62 ± 12.72 to 856.95 ± 76.61 mg/kg, 365.47 ± 23.84 to 633.03 ± 38.12 mg/kg, 51.66 ± 7.77 to 186.33 ± 13.92 mg/kg, 41.87 ± 2.85 to 53.89 ± 3.79 mg/kg and 18.49 ± 2.07 to 48.71 ± 4.89 mg/kg of DWS respectively. Besides, heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) detected in some of the plant samples were beyond the maximum permissible limit (MPL) of FAO/WHO for herbal medicines. The concentrations of the essential nutrient elements except zinc were significantly different in different parts of the plant (p < 0.001). Further variation in the concentrations of the elements in the plant was observed with respect to seasonal changes and geographical conditions. Nevertheless the findings corroborate ethnomedicinal significance of the plant and signify the possibilibity of utilizing its standardized products for preparation of food supplements as well as multidimensional therapeutic herbal medicines.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1014-1025
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• 2014

We measured the concentrations of various geochemical parameters [grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, As, Zn, and Hg)] in the surface sediments of two intertidal oyster Crassostrea gigas farming areas (Iwon and Mongsan tidal flats) on the Taean Peninsula, Korea, to evaluate the pollution level of organic matter and trace metals in sediment. The intertidal sediments in the study region comprise mostly sand with a mean grain size of 2.5-3.5 Ø. The concentrations of IL, COD, AVS, and trace metals in the sediment of two study regions were either similar or lower in oyster farming areas relative to non-farming areas, apparently due to biological uptake or physical and biological sediment reworking. Based on the results for the pollution evaluation of organic matter and trace metals derived from sediment quality guidelines, enrichment factor, and geoaccumulation index, our results suggest that the sediment in these two intertidal oyster farming regions is not polluted by organic matter and trace metals.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2012

Effects of artificial holes on the cooling efficiency of single grain YBCO bulk superconductors were studied. Single grain YBCO bulk superconductors without artificial holes, with six 2.4 mm holes and six holes filled with Bi-Pb-Cd-Sn metal solder were fabricated by a top-seeded melt growth process for powder compacts with/without holes. Simulation for the cooling rate to a liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) of YBCO samples was carried out using a finite element method (FEM) and the results are compared with the actual cooling rates of samples in liquid nitrogen. The simulated cooling times for the YBCO sample without holes, with six holes and with six holes filled with the metal solder were 80, 47 and 75 sec. respectively, which are similar to the actual cooling times of 84, 52 and 78 sec. estimated for the same samples cooled in liquid nitrogen. The shorter cooling time of the sample with artificial holes are attributed to the increased surface areas associated with the presence of artificial holes. The metal filling into the holes did not give any remarkable effect on the cooling efficiency.

• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1984

In spite of many projections of TMJ, there are rarely satisfactory projections of TMJ. The author traced and measured the P-A cephalograms, which number is 70 in each male and female, them finding the following results. 1. The long axis of the condyle is 19.80㎜ on the right, and 19.89㎜ on the left in male, and that of 18.65㎜ on the right and 18.10㎜ on the left in female. 2. The intercondylar distance is 119.02㎜ in male, and 108.20㎜ in female, resulting that the intercondylar distance in male is much longer than that in female. 3. The right and left deviation of the midline passing through the center of the intercondylar distance and prosthion is +0.37㎜ in male, +0.64㎜ in female, and its range is from -4.6 to +5.7㎜ in male, and from -3.2 to +6.1㎜ in female, resulting that prosthion nearly coincides with midline. 4. The angle of the intercondylar distance and the long axis (vertical angle) is +5.48' in male, and +6.02' in female, resulting that there is a little difference between male and female and the angle of the right is greater than that of the left in both male and female. 5. The typology of the condyle in sum of male and female is; Right: A type 55 (39.3%), B type 66 (47.1%), C type, 12 (8.6%), D type, 7 (5.0%), E type, 0 (0%) Left: A type, 60 (42.9%), B type, 58 (41.4%), C type, 14 (10.0%), D type, 8 (5.7%), E type, 0 (0%) 6. The distribution of the typology between the right and the left is; AA 26 (18.6%), AB 50 (35.7%), AC 10 (7.1%), AD 3 (2.1%) BB 26 (18.6%), BC 13 (9.3%), BD 9 (6.4%), CC 0 (0%), CD 3 (2.1%)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.417-421
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• 2008

The efficient synthesis of four mesitylene-based receptors 1-4 and their potentiometric response characteristics to alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metal ions, under various pH conditions are outlined. Receptor 1-based electrode exhibited more sensitive response to Ag+ ion (49 mV/decade of range from 10-6 to 10-2 M) than the 2-based electrode (47 mV/decade of range from 3 ´ 10-5 to 10-2 M), while the 3- and 4-based ones revealed sub-Nernstian below 40 mV/pAg+. All electrodes showed substantial responses to Ag+ ion under acidic condition, but there was almost nil-response to other transition metal ions (Fe2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+). The association constant of receptor 1 toward Ag+ ion, measured by 1H NMR titration, showed the largest value (200 M-1) among the tested receptors. The results were interpreted with semi empirically-modeled structures.