• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1955-1964
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• 2007

A recent report showed that analysis of CD154 expression in the presence of the secretion inhibitor Brefeldin A (Bref A) could be used to assess the entire repertoire of antigen-specific $CD4^+\;T$ helper cells. However, the capacity of intracellular CD154 expression to identify antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells has yet to be investigated. In this study, we compared the ability of intracellular CD154 expression to assess antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells with that of accepted standard assays, namely intracellular cytokine IFN-${\gamma}$ staining (ICS) and MHC class I tetramer staining. The detection of intracellular CD154 molecules in the presence of Bref A reflected the kinetic trend of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cell number, but unfortunately showed less sensitivity than ICS and tetramer staining. However, ICS levels peaked and saturated 8 h after antigenic stimulation in the presence of Bref A and then declined, whereas intracellular CD154 expression peaked by 8 h and maintained the saturated level up to 24 h post-stimulation. Moreover, intracellular CD154 expression in antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells developed in the absence of $CD4^+\;T$ cells changed little, whereas the number of IFN-${\gamma}$-producing $CD8^+\;T$ cells decreased abruptly. These results suggest that intracellular CD154 could aid the assessment of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells, but does not have as much ability to identify heterogeneous $CD4^+\;T$ helper cells. Therefore, the combined analytical techniques of ICS and tetramer staining together with intracellular CD154 assays may be able to provide useful information on the accurate phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2003

연구배경 : 천식과 호산구성 기관지염은 기도의 호산구성 염증 질환이다. 그러나, 호산구성 기관지염은 천식과 달리 기도의 가역적인 폐쇄와 기도 과민반응이 관찰되지 않는다. 천식은 호산구와 CD4 립프구의 침윤이 특징인데, 최근 천식과 호산구성 기관지염에서 호산구와 림프구 침윤의 정도는 차이가 없는 것으로 보고되었다. 본 연구는 천식과 호산구성 기관지염에서 CD4, CD8 림프구 침윤의 정도를 비교하여 두 질환의 명인기전의 차이점을 밝히고자 한다. 방 법 : 천식환자 17명과 호산구성 기관지염 환자 24명을 대상으로 기관지 내시경하 점막 조직 생검을 시행하고, 기관지 조직에서 CD4, CD8 림프구에 대한 면역 조직화학 염색을 시행하여, 통계적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : CD4 림프구의 중위값($cells/mm^2$)은 호산구성 기관지염군에서는 58.6(34.6~92.5), 천식군에서는 50.0(19.9~87.3)이었다. 두 군에서 CD4림프구의 수는 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.341). CD8 림프구의 중위값($cells/mm^2$)은 호산구성 기관지염군에서는 46.7(30.0~98.9), 천식군에서는 11.8(5.1~38.5)이었다. CD8 림프구의 수는 두군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다(P=0.003). 결 론 : 호산구성 기관지염에서 CD8 림프구의 침윤이 현저하며, CD8 림프구가 호산구성 기관지염의 병인기전과 천식과 다른 임상적 특징을 나타내는데 관여 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-48
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Hwanggigunjungtang(HGT) on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methods: First, methotrexate was fed to the white rats once a day for 4 days. After the immune responses of the rats are deteriorated, dried extracts of HGT mixed in water was fed to the rats once a day for 14 days. And then we measured the percentage of B-cell and T-cell in peripheral blood, the percentage of CD3+CD4+ T-cell and CD3+CD8+ T-cell of blood sampled from spleen and peripheral region. Results: The percentage of B-cell of peripheral blood was not different statistically. The percentage of T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in HGT group as compared with control group. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T-cell of peripheral blood was increased significantly in HGT group as compared with control group. The percentage of CD3+CD8+ T-cell of peripheral blood was decreased in HGT group as compared with control group. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T-cell of spleen was increased significantly in HGT group as compared with control group. The percentage of CD3+CD8+ T-cell of spleen was not different statistically. Conclusion: According to the above results, HGT has an effect of increasing immune responses on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.51.1-51.17
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• 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe pulmonary disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. Formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine trials failed due to vaccine enhanced respiratory disease, but the underlying immune mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we have used wild type C57BL/6 and CD4 knockout (CD4KO) mouse models to better understand the roles of the CD4 T cells and cellular mechanisms responsible for enhanced respiratory disease after FI-RSV vaccination and RSV infection. Less eosinophil infiltration and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production were observed in FI-RSV vaccinated CD4KO mice after RSV infection compared to FI-RSV vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. NK cells and cytokine-producing CD8 T cells were recruited at high levels in the airways of CD4KO mice, correlating with reduced respiratory disease. Depletion studies provided evidence that virus control was primarily mediated by NK cells whereas CD8 T cells contributed to IFN-γ production and less eosinophilic lung inflammation. This study demonstrated the differential roles of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as NK cells, in networking with other inflammatory infiltrates in RSV disease in immune competent and CD4-deficient condition.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.111-129
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• 1998

In order to research the effect of Sipjundaebotang on the immune respons of CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell in rats, author have performed this experimental study. Experimental groups are divided into 5 groups(intact, control, sample I, sample II, sample III). Normal group was intact, control group was administrated normal saline 2cc for 5 days, sample I was administrated low concentration of Sipjundaebotang(100/3100pack/ml) 2cc for 5 days, sample II was administrated middle concentration of Sipjundaebotang(500/3100pack/ml) 2cc for 5 days, sample III was administrated high concentration of Sipjundaebotang(2500/3100pack/ml) 2cc for 5 days. WBC, Lymphocyte, CD4+ T cell in the blood, spleen, axillary node and CD8+ T cell in the blood, spleen and axillary node were determined. The results was as follows: 1. WBC count in blood was significantly decrcased in the control, sample I, II, III groups as compared with the normal group. 2. Lymhocyte count in the blood was significantly decreased in the control, sample I, II groups as compared with the normal group. 3. CD4+ T cell count in the blood was significantly increased dose-dependently in the sample I, II, III groups as compared with the normal group. 4. CD4+ T cell count in the spleen was significantly increased in the sample I, II, III groups as compared with the normal group. 5. CD4+ T cell count in the axillary node was significantly increased in the sample III group as compared with the normal group, however significantly decreased in the sample I, II groups as compared with the normal group. 6. CD8+ T cell count in the blood was significantly increased in the sample III groups as compared with the normal group. 7. CD8+ T cell count in the spleen was significantly increased in the sample I, II, III groups as compared with the normal group. but there was no differences in the sample groups. 8. CD8+ T cell count in the axillary node was decreased in the sample I, II groups as compared with the normal group.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.1107-1112
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• 1996

Ni를 Cd로 대치시켜 세라믹 소결법으로 합성한 Ni0.8Cd0.2Fe2O4 의 X-ray 회절선을 측정하여 구조를 확인하고, 형성된 결정체의 격자 상수를 조사하였다. 이 시료의 Mossbauer 스펙트럼을 80K-900K의 온도 영역에서 측정 분석하여 Mossbauer parameter의 온도 의존성과 Fe 이온에 대한 자료를 얻고, 이 자료를 토대로 Ni0.8Cd0.2Fe2O4 의 자기 전이 현상과 Curied 온도 Tc와 격자 비열 및 Debye 온도와 같은 물성을 조사하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.428-430
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• 2011

We previously demonstrated that in vivo engagement of CD137, a member of TNF receptor superfamily, can delete allorective $CD4^+$ T cells through the induction of activation-induced cell death (AICD) in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and subsequently reverse established cGVHD. In this study, we further showed that agonistic anti-CD137 mAb was highly effective in triggering AICD of donor $CD8^+$ T cells as well as donor $CD4^+$ T cells in the $C57BL/6{\rightarrow}unirradiated$ $(C57BL/6\;{\times}\;DBA/2)F1$ acute GVHD model. Our results suggest that strong allostimulation should facilitate AICD of both alloreactive $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cells induced by CD137 stimulation. Therefore, depletion of pathogenic T cells using agonistic anti-CD137 mAb combined with potent TCR stimulation may be used to block autoimmune or inflammatory diseases mediated by T cells.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

A preliminary study into the protective mechanisms of adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets (n = 9) born to a gilt challenged intranasally with a type-2 PRRSV. Immune parameters (neutralizing antibodies, $CD3^+CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocytes, and PRRSV-specific interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secreting T-lymphocytes) were compared with infection parameters (macro- and microscopic lung lesion, and PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages ($CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$) as well as with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads. Percentages of three T-lymphocyte phenotypes in 14-days post-birth (dpb) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) had significant negative correlations with percentages of $CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$ (p < 0.05) as well as with macroscopic lung lesion (p < 0.01). Plasma and tissue viral loads had significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations with $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocyte percentage in PBMC. Frequencies of $CD3^+CD8^+$ and $CD3^+CD4^+$ T-lymphocytes in 14-dpb PBMC had significant negative correlations with of lymph node (p = 0.04) and lung (p = 0.002) viral loads. $IFN-{\gamma}$-secreting T-lymphocytes frequency had a significant negative correlation with gross lung lesion severity (p = 0.002). However, neutralizing antibody titers had no significant negative correlation (p > 0.1) with infection parameters. The results indicate that T-lymphocytes contribute to controlling PRRSV replication in young piglets born after in-utero infection.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Background : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder under immunological influence. Gamichunggumgangwha-tang (CG, Jiaweiqingjinjianghuo-tang) and Gamiyukmigiwhang-tang (YM, Jiaweiliuweidihuang-tang) are herbal tonics for asthma from traditional herbal medicine. Objective : To evaluate the effect of CG and YM on immune cell & serum OA-specific IgE in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a rat asthma model. Materials and Methods : Rats were sensitized with OA; at day I sensitized group and CG and YM groups were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml. At the same time, 1 ml of 0.9% saline containing $6{\times}10^9$ B. pertussis bacilli was injected by Lp. 14 days after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2% (wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BALF was collected from the rats. Rats were orally administered with each of CG and YM extract for 14 days since the day after local immunization. Lymphocyte, CD4＋ T cell and CD8＋ T cell counts, CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio in BALF, change of serum OA-specific IgE level, CD4＋ T cell and CD8＋ T cell percentages in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results : CG and YM showed an alleviating effect on asthmatic responses of rats. CG decreased total cell, lymphocyte, CD4＋ T cells in BALF, and serum OA-specific IgE level as compared with the control group. YM decreased lymphocytes as compared with the control group. CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio in BALF from the CG and YM groups and serum OA-specific IgE level from the YM group didn't show any significant variation from the control group. Conclusion : CG alleviated asthmatic hyperreactivity of the immune system through CD4＋ T cells and serum IgE. Further the study of this immune system modulating mechanism is expected.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

Objectives: Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang are herbal decoctions which have been used as traditional therapeutic agents for asthma. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang on immune Cell & serum OA-specific 19B in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in rat asthma model. Methods: Rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OA); at day I the sensitized group and Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang groups were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of $Al(OH)_3$ in a total volume of 2ml. At the same time, 1ml of 0.9% saline containing $6{\times}10^9$ B. pertussis bacilli was injected by i.p. for 14 days. After systemic immunization, the rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2% (wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BAL fluid was collected from the rats. A day after local immunization, rats were orally administered with each of Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang extract for 14 days. Lymphocyte, CD4+T-cell CD8+ T-cell counts, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF, change of serum OA-specific IgE level, and CD4+T-cell CD8+T-cell percentage in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results: Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang showed a suppressive effect on the rat asthma model. Maekmoondong-tang decreased total cell, lymphocyte, CD4+T-cell, CD8+T-cell in BALF, and serum OA specific 19B level as compared with the control group, whereas Maekmoondong-tang decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF with statistical nonsignificance as compared with the control group. 1 decreased total cell, CD4+T-cell, CD4+/CD8+ ratio in BALF, and serum OA specific IgE level, whereas Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang decreased ymphocyte, and CD8+T-cell in BALF with statistical nonsignificance as compared with the control group. CD4+T-cell and CD8+ T-cell percentage in peripheral blood were not changed significantly in all the experimental groups. Conclusions: This study shows that Maekmoondong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang have a suppressive effect on asthma. Maekmooruiong-tang and Jeongcheonhwadamgangki-tang would be useful asthma treatment agents.