• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

본 연구는 여러 가지 원인으로 사망한 한국산 희귀조류 4목 16종 76개체를 이용하여 납과 카드뮴의 조직 축적레벨을 밝히고 오염수준을 비교 검토하였다. 남의 경우 전반적으로 간보다 신장과 뼈에서 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 간조직에는 평균농도는 0.47 ㎍/wet g(큰고니 Cygnus cygnus)∼3.74 ㎍/et g(쇠부엉이 Asio flammeus)의 범위를 나타냈고, 납의 독성 여부를 수준별로 보면 비오염수준인 2 ㎍/wet g 이하에 해당하는 개체가 51.3%(39개체), 오염수준이 10 ㎍/wet g 이상에 해당하는 개체가 2.6%(2개체)로 나타났다. 따라서 상당수의 한국산 희귀조류가 만성적인 납 오염에 노출되어 있는 것으로 판단된다. 카드뮴의 경우 신장조직에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 간과 뼈에서는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 신장조직에서의 평균농도는 0.06 ㎍/wet g(수리부엉이)∼1.75 ㎍/wet g(새홀리기 Falco subbuteo)의 범위를 나타냈고 소쩍새 1개체를 제외하고 모두 비오염 수준에 해당하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

This work was carried out to investigate the pollution of heavy metals and pH in soil, collected from the 156 sampling sites in 1987. 1. In the average contents of Cd, the highest value was 0.40 mg/kg in the Outskirt of Seoul area, the lowest value was 0.11 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.21∼0.39 mg/kg in the other areas. 2. In the average contents of Cu, the highest value was 32.50 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 2.96 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 9.53∼24.41 mg/kg in the other areas. 3. In the average contents of As, the highest value was 1.32 mg/kg in the Reclamated waste area, the lowest value was 0.31 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.93∼1.32 mg/kg in the other areas. 4. In the average contents of Zn, the highest value was 27.33 mg/kg in the Center of city area, the lowest value was 9.97 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 12.47∼25.23 mg/kg in the other areas. 5. In the average contents of Pb, the highest value was 125.25 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 12.99 mg/kg in the Farming area, and 17.01∼77.71 mg/kg in the other areas. 6. In the average contents of pH, the highest value was pH 7.08 in the Motorway area, the lowest value was pH 4.14 in the Greenbelt area, and pH 5.67～7.04 in the other areas. 7. The order of the distribution of heavy metals was Pb>Zn>Cu>As>Cd. There was significanthy correlation between Cd-Zn, Pb-Zn, Cu-Cd, Pb-Cu and Pb-Cd (p<0.01).

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

본 연구는 산업시설에서 배출되는 대기오염물질이 인접한 주거지역에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 시화공업단지 주변의 공단지역, 주거지역 및 녹지지역의 토양을 대상으로 As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb 및 Zn 함량을 조사하였다. 토양 중 중금속 함량의 범위는 As 0.58~3.81, Cd ND~0.91, Co 0.15~6.33, Cr ND~1.86, Cu 0.14~110.27, Hg ND~l.17, Ni 0.04~10.59, Pb 1.16~86.48 및 Zn 1.83~212.65 mg/kg으로서 전 지역에서 토양환경보전법의 토양오염기준이나 식물독성 유발기준에 비하여 매우 낮은 값을 나타내었다. As 함량은 전 지역에 걸쳐 비슷하였으나, Cd와 Cr 함량은 공단지역이 주거지역이나 녹지지역보다 각각 약 10배 및 5배정도 높았으며, 주거지역과 녹지지역은 비슷한 경향이었다. Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb 및 Zn 함량은 공단지역이 주거지역이나 녹지지역보다 약 2~3배정도 높았으며, 주거지역과 녹지지역은 비슷한 경향이었다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2020

Objectives Psychological resilience plays a significant role in many aspects of mental health. The aim of this study was to find an association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) features and adulthood psychological resilience in patients with mood disorders. Methods A total of 213 patients with mood disorders including major depressive disorder or bipolar I, II disorder and 909 healthy controls were included. We assessed childhood ADHD features using the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS), adulthood psychological resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and current depressive mood using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression and a mediation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between three WURS factor (impulsivity, inattention, and mood instability) scores, the BDI score, and the CD-RISC score. Results The CD-RISC score was negatively correlated with the WURS childhood inattention factor score and current BDI score in patients with mood disorders. BDI score mediated the influence of the inattention factor score on CD-RISC score among patients with mood disorders. The CD-RISC score was significantly lower in patients with mood disorders than in controls even after controlling for age, WURS scores, and the BDI score. Conclusions An evaluation of psychological resilience is important for enhancing recovery and quality of life in patients with mood disorders. When assessing psychological resilience, current depression and ADHD features in childhood, particularly inattention, should be considered.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

HIV감염자는 질병의 진전에 무관하게 감염 후의 경과 시기에 따라서 CD4 T림프세포등 각종 면역상태를 나타내는 표지가 변한다 따라서 HW감염자의 질병진전을 예보하기 위하여서는 정기적으로 CD4등 각종표지를 측정하여 감염자의 질병상태를 monitoring하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 수치를 감염자관리에 적용하기 위하여서는 우리나라 일반인의 정상치를 파악하여 이를 지표로 해야 하므로 국내정상인의 각종 면역치에 대한 조사가 요구된다. 현재의 기준으로는 500이하로 떨어질 때에는 예방차원에서 AZT를 복용하게 되며 200이하로 떨어지면 질병의 유무에 관계없이 환자로 관리하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 185명의 감염자와 140명의 비감염자에 대하여 정기적으로 CD4 및 CD8T 림프세포와 CD4/CD8비를 측정하였다. 시험은 Flow cytometer(Facstar)를 이용하여 각각의 CD 분자에 대한 모노크로날 항체를 이용하여 2중혈광색소 염색방법으로 측정 하였다. HIV감염자의 CD4-T림프세포 절대수 및 백분율은 각각 462 및 18.2%이었는 반면, CD8의 수치는 1,170 및 47.0%이었다. 또한 CD4/CDB비는 0.43이었다. 이와는 대조적으로 비감염자의 경우, 한국인의 CD4의 평균 세포수는 886, 백분율은 32.9%이었으며, CD8 세포수는 730, 백분율은 26.8 그리고 CD4/CD8비는 1.31이었다. 외국인과 한국인과의 면역지표 수치를 비교하였을 때에 CD4세포수와 백분율, CD8의 백분율에서는 현저한 차이가 없었으나 외국인 비감염자의 경우 CD4백분율이 43.6%, CD8 T림프세포의 절대수가 560으로 한국인과 약간의 차이가 있었다. 따라서 HIV 감염자관리를 위한 면역지표측정시험에서의 각종수치의 정확한 해석을 위하여서는 한국인 비감염자수치를 고려해야할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.144-145
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• 2009

Single crystal $CdGa_2Se_4$ layers were grown on a thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate at $420^{\circ}C$ with the hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system by evaporating the poly crystal source of $CdGa_2Se_4$ at $630\;^{\circ}C$. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). The carrier density and mobility of single crystal $CdGa_2Se_4$ thin films measured with Hall effect by van der Pauw method are $8.27\;\times\;10^{17}\;cm^{-3}$, $345\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ at 293 K, respectively. The photocurrent and the absorption spectra of $CdGa_2Se_4$/SI(Semi-Insulated) GaAs(100) are measured ranging from 293 K to 10K. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $CdGa_2Se_4$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, $E_g$(T) = 2.6400 eV - ($7.721\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;eV/K)T^2$/(T + 399 K). Using the photocurrent spectra and the Hopfield quasi cubic model, the crystal field energy(${\Delta}cr$) and the spin-orbit splitting energy(${\Delta}so$) for the valence band of the $CdGa_2Se_4$ have been estimated to be 106.5 meV and 418.9 meV at 10 K, respectively. The three photocurrent peaks observed at 10 K are ascribed to the $A_1$-, $B_1$-, and $C_{11}$-exciton peaks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1073-1076
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• 2015

Background: To explore the relationship between CXCR4, CD133 co-expression and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of patients with phase II~III colon cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine paraffin-embedded samples of tumor tissue and epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer were collected from patients with colon cancer undergoing radical surgery in Baotou Cancer Hospital from January, 2010 to June, 2011. CXCR4 and CD133 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinicopathological features and the 3-year survival rate was analyzed. Results: In the tumor tissue and colonic epithelial tissue adjacent to cancer, the positive expression rates of CXCR4 were respectively 61.2% (30/49) and 8.16% (4/49), while those of CD133 being 36.7% (18/49) and 6.12% (3/49). CXCR4 and CD133 expression in tumor tissue was not related to patient age, gender, primary focal sites, tumor size, TNM staging, histological type, tumor infiltration depth and presence or absence of lymphatic metastasis, but CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was associated with TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. The 3-year survival rate of patients with CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression was 27.3% (3/11), and that of the remainderwas 76.3% (29/38), the difference being significant ($X^2=7.0206$, p=0.0081). Conclusions: CXCR4 and CD133 co-expression may be a risk factor for poor prognosis of patients with stage II~III colon cancer.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Yijungtang(YJT) on atopic dermatitis in an in-vitro and in-vivo experiment using a RBL-2H3 mast cells and a NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse. Methods: In-vitro experiment, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression were evaluated by a real-time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA and transcription factor as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-kB by western blotting. In-vivo experiment, clinical skin score we evaluated by, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, cytokine level, total number of cell, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of auxiliary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue in NC/Nga mouse. Results: YJT decreased IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-4, IL-13 production and prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcription factors including GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Fos and NF-kB. YJT oral administration reduced the levels of skin severity scores. It also decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, histamine and IgE in the serum. It elevated IFN-gamma level in the spleenocyte culture supernatant but decreased. $CD3e^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$, $CCR3^+$ in the PBMCs, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$ in the ALN and $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in the dorsal skin. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of AD-induced NC/Nga mice were much improved by YJT oral administration. Conclusions: The anti-allergic activities of YJT may be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, through the regulation GATA-2, NF-AT2 and NF-kB transcription factors in mast cells. YJT would be regulate molecular mediators and immune cells which are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mice, and may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2023

Disulfiram (DSF), a medication for alcoholism, has recently been used as a repurposing drug owing to its anticancer effects. Despite the crucial role of dendritic cells (DCs) in immune homeostasis and cancer therapy, the effects of DSF on the survival and function of DCs have not yet been studied. Therefore, we treated bone marrow-derived DCs with DSF and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and performed various analyses. DCs are resistant to DSF and less cytotoxic than bone marrow cells and spleen cells. The viability and metabolic activity of DCs hardly decreased after treatment with DSF in the absence or presence of LPS. DSF did not alter the expression of surface markers (MHC II, CD86, CD40, and CD54), antigen uptake capability, or the antigen-presenting ability of LPS-treated DCs. DSF decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-12/23 (p40), but not IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-α, in LPS-treated DCs. We considered the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a factor to make DCs resistant to DSF-induced cytotoxicity. The resistance of DCs to DSF decreased when GM-CSF was not given or its signaling was inhibited. Also, GM-CSF upregulated the expression of a transcription factor XBP-1 which is essential for DCs' survival. This study demonstrated for the first time that DSF did not alter the function of DCs, had low cytotoxicity, and induced differential cytokine production.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2023

Objectives : Gumiganghwal-tang and its main components have been used for treatment of cough, headache, joint pain and fever. Using a respiratory inflammatory model, we intend to demonstrate the its anti-inflammatory effect and immune mechanism of Gumiganghwal-tang. Methods : We induced the respiratory inflammation mouse model by papain treatment. Female BALB/C mice (8 weeks old) were divided into three groups as follows: saline control group, papain treatment group (vehicle), papain and Gumiganghwal-tang (200 mg/kg) treatment group (n=4). To verify the anti-inflammatory effect of Gumiganghwal-tang extracts, we measured the infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal lavage fluid (NALF). Additionally, the efficacy of Gumiganghwal-tang extracts on Th2 cell population and alveolar macrophage in lung were analyzed by using flow cytometry. Results : Gumiganghwal-tang extracts administration decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and NALF, especially of eosinophils. Furthermore, interleukin-5 level was reduced in lung by drug administration. Interestingly, Gumiganghwal-tang extracts treatment also decreased the Th2 cell (CD4⁺GATA3⁺) population and increased the alveolar macrophage (CD11b⁺CD11c⁺) population in lung. Conclusions : Our findings indicate that Gumiganghwal-tang extracts have anti-inflammatory effects by mediating Th2 cell and alveolar macrophage cell activation.