• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 1999

Mine tailings, field soils, and paddy soils around Jingok abandoned mine were analyzed In order to investigate their pollution levels of heavy metals and cyanide. The average contents of As, Cd, Cu. Hg. Pb, Zn, and CN￣in mine tailings were 3.94$\times$$10^3$, 14.3, 266, 6.13, 4.07$\times$$10^3$, 2.51$\times$$10^3$, and 1.19mg/kg, respectively. The pollution indices calculated by the tolerance level of Kloke were 32~58 and the pH values were slightly acidic in mine tailings. In the field and paddy soils of Jingok abandoned mine area except for soils nearby mine tailings, concentrations of the heavy metals were less than standards of soil pollution of agricultural area in the environmental protection law.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2009

Using the DDRT-PCR, a series of differentially expressed genes in human primary cervical cancer was isolated. Among the 250 PCR amplimers, 88 gene fragments were confirmed by reverse Northern hybridization. Homology searches indicated that 26 out of 88 were previously known genes including calmodulin, human BBC1, histone H3.3, a series of ribosomal proteins (RPL19, RPS19, and RPS12), translation initiation factor (eIF-4AI), lactoferrin, integrin ${\alpha}6$, cell-surface antigens (CD9 and CD59), transcription factor (mbp-1), and mitochondrial proteins. Several unknown clones showed sequence homology with known genes. Furthermore, six of the unknown genes showed identical sequence with expressed sequence tags (EST) of unknown function. Differential expression patterns of identified genes were further examined and confirmed with multiple pairs of cervical cancer samples using Northern hybridization. Our profiling of differentially expressed genes may provide useful information about the underlying genetic alterations in human cervical carcinoma and diagnostic markers for this disease. The precise roles of these genes in cancer development remain to be elucidated.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.725-733
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• 2007

The contents of five heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and manganese in soil and vegetables collected from four sites in Busan district with composite sampling method were determined with ICP emission spectrometer. The ranges of their contents in soil were lead, $1.65\sim4.36ppm;$ cadmium, $0.05\sim0.09ppm;$ zinc, $6.33\sim11.09ppm;$ copper, $0.44\sim1.35ppm;$ manganese, $8.40\sim19.39ppm$, respectively. These contents were lower than the Clarke number. The range of heavy metal contents in four vegetables such as lettuce, radish and its roots, spinach and cabbage were lead, $0.09\sim0.48ppm;$ cadmium, $0.01\sim0.08ppm;$ zinc, $1.81\sim14.62ppm;$ copper, $0.14\sim1.87ppm;$ manganese, $0.71\sim14.5$ 5ppm with the order of Zn(7.30 ppm)>Mn(4.35 ppm)>Cu(0.53 ppm)>Pb(0.19 ppm)>Cd(0.04 ppm) in average contents. The average transfer ratio of metals from soil to vegetables was order of Zn(77.8 %)> Cd(37.5 %)>Cu(34.5 %)>Mn(18.6 %)>Pb(6.7 %). In case of the same cultivating soil, the transfer ratio could be expected to the order of spinach$lettuce{\approx}cabbage$

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2006

This study was performed to develop an analytical method in specified wastes for preventing the environmental pollution from hazardous wastes. Few analytical methods were developed using the waste standard reference materials of sludge, waste oil, bottom ash, etc. which contain As, CN, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Hg compounds. The pre-treatment method was considered by whether or not the synchronous analysis is possible. Waste samples obtained from the 34 representative facilities, which are emitting the hazardous substances, were analyzed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2001

Background: An immunological approach for aging mechanism appears to be important. Lymphocyte subsets analysis in peripheral blood is widely performed to assess the immune status and to diagnose and monitor various diseases. Some lymphocyte subsets are known to change with age, but only few data about age-related reference ragnes for these subsets in healthy individuals have been reported. So we attempted to report reference ranges for these subsets in each age group and review changes of the results with age for the secondary studies about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (VDJ) including recombination activating genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2). Methods: Lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on 302 subjects, 189 males and 113 females with age group of all decades of life. Two color direct immunofluorescene flow cytometry (FCM) was done using $Simultest^{TM}$ IMK-Lymphocyte kit (Becton Dickinson, USA), $FACScan^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA) and $FACSCalibur^{TM}$ (Becton Dickinson, USA). Lymphocyte subsets analysed were T ($CD3^+$) and B cells ($CD19^+$), helper/inducer T ($CD4^+$) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells ($CD8^+$), helper/suppressor ($CD4^+/CD8^+$) ratio and natural killer (NK) cells ($CD3^-CD16^+/CD56^+$). The absolute numbers of each subset were calculated from total lymphocyte counts. Data collected was analysed using SAS 6.12. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We reported the counts and percentages of lymphocyte and these subsets in each age group. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. The percentage of $CD4^+$ T cells, and the count of NK cells did not show the significant difference among the various age groups. The age-related changes observed in our study were as following: 1) a decrease in the percentages of T cells, B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 2) a decrease in the counts of B cells and $CD8^+$ T cells ; 3) an increase in the percentage and count of NK cells ; and 4) an increase in the $CD4^+/CD8^+$ ratio. Conclusion: The characteristics of aging process appeared to be showing a marked decrease of lympocyte subsets T and B cells as well as T8 ($CD8^+$). The age-related increase of the percentage of cells bearing NK marker can be interpreted as a compensatory consequence to cope with the decrease of T cells related to the thymic involution. These changes with age appeared to be for the secondary study about immune cell function as lymphocyte blast transformation and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.473-480
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• 2024

We systematically reviewed radiological abnormalities in patients with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as persistently positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for SARS-CoV-2 for > 21 days, with either persistent or relapsed symptoms. We extracted data from 24 patients (median age, 54.5 [interquartile range, 44-64 years]) reported in the literature and analyzed their representative CT images based on the timing of the CT scan relative to the initial PCR positivity. Our analysis focused on the patterns and distribution of CT findings, severity scores of lung involvement on a scale of 0-4, and the presence of migration. All patients were immunocompromised, including 62.5% (15/24) with underlying lymphoma and 83.3% (20/24) who had received anti-CD20 therapy within one year. Median duration of infection was 90 days. Most patients exhibited typical CT appearance of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), including ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation, throughout the follow-up period. Notably, CT severity scores were significantly lower during ≤ 21 days than during > 21 days (P < 0.001). Migration was observed on CT in 22.7% (5/22) of patients at ≤ 21 days and in 68.2% (15/22) to 87.5% (14/16) of patients at > 21 days, with rare instances of parenchymal bands in previously affected areas. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection usually presents as migrating typical COVID-19 pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, especially those with impaired B-cell immunity.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.656-659
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• 2001

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) (EC 2.4.1.19) use starch to produce cyclic maltooligosaccharides (cyclodextrins, CDs) which are of interest in various applications. To obtain a novel CGTase having high CD-forming activity, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ glucanotransferase $({\beta}-CGTase)$ from Bacillus firmus var. alkalophilus was modified through site-directed mutagenesis and constructed five mutants, H59T, H59Q, Y96M, 9O-PPI-93, and ${\Delta}(148-154)D$, respectively. Y96M and ${\Delta}(148-154)D$ showed much higher level of conversion yields of starch into CDs from 28.6% to about 39% compared to wild-type ${\beta}-CGTase$, respectively, but 90-PPI-93 maintained similar convesion yields of starch to CDs. And their ${\beta}-CD$ ratios to total CDs were not changed and maintained, and convesion yields to linear maltooligosaccharides of all mutants were not changed significantly. These results indicates that five mutations of ${\beta}-CGTase$ from Bacillus firmus var. alkalophilus appears to be important roles for increase of overall CD production rather than change of its product specificity, especially.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.466-471
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• 2020

Several humanized mouse models are being used to study humanspecific immune responses and diseases. However, the pivotal needs of fetal tissues for the humanized mice model have been huddled because of the demand for ethical and medical approval. Thus, we have verified the hematopoietic and immunomodulatory function of HepaRG and developed a new and easy humanized mouse model to replace the use of fetal liver tissue. HepaRG co-transplanted Hu-NSG mice significantly increased CD45+ lymphocytes and CD19+ B cells and CD3+ T cells than normal Hu-NSG, suggesting enhanced reconstitution of the human immune system. These results have improved the applicability of humanized mice by developing new models easily accessible.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.155-160
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• 2017

The dye decolorization rate in a cell-free culture broth of the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor CBR43 was studied, including the effects of inhibitors of NaCl, Zn(II), and Cd(II) on dye decolorization activity. The maximum rates of dye decolorization in cell-free culture broth were 1,410, 44.7, 41.2, and $0.19{\mu}mol{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ for Acid Blue 62, Acid Black 175, Reactive Blue 4, and Acid Red 114, respectively. The inhibition effects of NaCl, Zn(II), and Cd(II) on dye decolorization were quantitatively compared using the half maximal inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$), which indicates the concentration of an inhibitor required for 50% inhibition. Based on $IC_{50}$ values, dye decolorization in the cell-free culture broth of CBR43 was most potently inhibited by Cd(II), whereas the inhibitory effect of NaCl was relatively low. The dye decolorization rates and $IC_{50}$ data can be used in the design and development of a dye-wastewater treatment process using T. versicolor CBR43 and its operating factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.690-694
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• 2006

There is limited information on the relationship between defoliation and root and rhizome development of kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.). To determine the effects of defoliation severity on root and rhizome growth of young kura clover plant (seedling about 8 wk old), this research was conducted in 2002 (Experiment 1) and 2003 (Experiment 2) in a glasshouse at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Four kura clover entries were used in this experiment: two were started from seed materials (ARS-2678 and 'Rhizo') and two were clones from mature, field-grown Rhizo kura clover plant. Three defoliation frequencies (2-, 4- and 6-wk intervals) and two defoliation intensities (complete and partial defoliation) were imposed on each of the four kura clover entries. Root, rhizome, and leaf dry matter (DM) generally increased with less frequent defoliation, however, the increase in rhizome DM was not significant between 4- or 6-wk defoliation periods. The root and leaf DM under complete defoliation (CD) were significantly lower than under partial defoliation (PD). In Exp. 1, rhizome DM was not significantly different between CD and PD; it was significantly lower under CD in Exp. 2. ARS-2678 showed excellent root development characteristics, however, its rhizome DM was significantly lower than Rhizo clones. The rhizome development from Rhizo clones was greater than that from seed materials. If maximum root and rhizome growth are expected from young kura clover plant, the intensity and frequency of defoliation should be minimized or defoliation should be avoided.