• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.235-241
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• 2014

Purpose: Regulatory T cells (Tregs), expressing CD4 and CD25 as well as Foxp3, are known to play a pivotal role in immunoregulatory function in autoimmune diseases, cancers, and graft rejection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the major antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for initiating these T-cell immune responses, of which $CD103^+$ DCs are derived from precursor human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of these PBMC-derived $CD103^+$ DCs to promote the differentiation of antigen-specific Tregs. Methods: Monocyte-derived DCs were induced from $CD14^+$ monocytes from the PBMCs of 10 healthy subjects. Once the $CD103^+$ DCs were purified, the cell population was enriched by adding retinoic acid (RA). Peptide numbers 14 and 19 of Porphyromonas gingivalis heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) were synthesized to pulse $CD103^+$ DCs as a tool for presenting the peptide antigens to stimulate $CD3^+$ T cells that were isolated from human PBMC. Exogenous interleukin 2 was added as a coculture supplement. The antigen-specific T-cell lines established were phenotypically identified for their expression of CD4, CD25, or Foxp3. Results: When PBMCs were used as APCs, they demonstrated only a marginal capacity to stimulate peptide-specific Tregs, whereas $CD103^+$ DCs showed a potent antigen presenting capability to promote the peptide-specific Tregs, especially for peptide 14. RA enhanced the conversion of $CD103^+$ DCs, which paralleled the antigen-specific Treg-stimulating effect, though the differences failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: We demonstrated that $CD103^+$ DCs can promote antigen-specific Tregs from naive T cells, when used as APCs for an epitope peptide from P. gingivalis HSP60. RA was an effective reagent that induces mature DCs with the typical phenotypic expression of CD103 that demonstrated the functional capability to promote antigen-specific Tregs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2008

Objectives : The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Astragali radix on the asthma treatment. EAR-I is an extract of astragali radix cultured for one year and EAR-III is an extract of astragali radix cultured for three years. Methods : Two asthma-induced groups mice group was treated respectively with EAR- I and EAR- III. The other group was not. Each group was analyzed in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results : In asthma-induced mice by OVA treatment, the weight of lung, total cell number of leukocyte and eosinophil in BALF, both EAR- I and EAR- III treated groups were significantly decreased compared to control group. IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, histamine, IgE in BLAF of group treated with both EAR-I and EM-III were significantly decreased compared to control group. In FACS analyzing, granulocytes, $CD3e^-$/$CCR3^+$, $CD3^+$/$CD19^$, $CD3e^+$/$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ and $GR-1^+$/$CD11b^+$ were significantly increased in asthma induced mice group by OVA treatment compared to control group, and decreased in group treated with both EAR- I and EAR-III. Conclusions : The present data proves that extract of astragali radix has an effect on the inhibiting asthma. Moreover, astragali radix cultured for three years was proved to be superior to the one cultured for one year.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.221-227
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• 2014

Background: Aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia have variable frequency and their prognostic and predictive relevance is controversial, despite several reports of clinical significance. Aims: To determine the prevalence of aberrant antigen expression in acute leukemia, assess clinical relevance and demonstrate immunophenotype-karyotype correlations. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 (40 AML and 33 ALL) newly diagnosed acute leukemia cases presenting to KAMC, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were included. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria and FAB classification. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for gene rearrangements were performed. Results: Aberrant antigens were detected in 27/40 (67.5%) of AML and in 14/33 (42.4%) in ALL cases. There were statistically significant higher TLC in Ly+ AML than in Ly-AML (p=0.05) and significant higher blast count in ALL with aberrant antigens at presentation and day 14 (p=0.005, 0.046). There was no significant relation to clinical response, relapse free survival (RFS) or overall survival (p>0.05), but AML cases expressing ${\geq}2$ Ly antigens showed a lower median RFS than those expressing a single Ly antigen. In AML, CD 56 was expressed in 11/40. CD7 was expressed in 7/40, having a significant relation with an unfavorable cytogenetic pattern (p=0.046). CD4 was expressed in 5/40. CD19 was detected in 4/40 AML associated with M2 and t (8; 21). In ALL cases, CD33 was expressed in 7/33 and CD13 in 5/33. Regarding T Ag in B-ALL CD2 was expressed in 2 cases and CD56 in 3 cases. Conclusions: Aberrant antigen expression may be associated with adverse clinical data at presentation. AML cases expressing ${\geq}2$ Ly antigens may have shorter median RFS. No specific cytogenetic pattern is associated with aberrant antigen expression but individual antigens may be related to particular cytogenetic patterns. Immunophenotype-karyotype correlations need larger studies for confirmation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1687-1696
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• 2015

Supplementation with probiotics can protect against the development of food allergies by modulating the host immune response; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the allergy-reducing effects of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) induced by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-sensitized mice. The L9 supplement suppressed the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses to BLG in mice, via upregulation of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell responses. The amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased by 51.85%. Furthermore, administration of L9 significantly induced the expression of CD103 and reduced the maturation status of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were activated by L9 in vitro, with an approximate 1.31-fold and 19.57-fold increase in expression of CD103 in CD11c+DCs and the level of IL-10 production, respectively, while the expression of CD86 did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that L9 reduced the BLG allergic sensitization, likely through regDCs mediated active suppression.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.581-589
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• 2006

These studies were investigated the effects of Gamicheungpyehwadam-tang (CPHDT) on immune-cell regulation in association with bronchial asthma in OVA-induced mouse model. The administration of 400 mg/kg CPHDT significantly reduced the number of total cells in lung, peripheral lymph node and spleen in OVA-induced bronchial asthma mouse model. The administration of 400 mg/kg CPHDT significantly reduced $CD3^+,{\;}CD19^+$and $CD3^+,{\;}CD69^+$ cell numbers separated from lung, peripheral lymph node and spleen in OVA-induced bronchial asthma mouse model. CPHDT significantly reduced $CD3^+/CCR3^+,{\;}CD4^+,{\;}B220^+/IgE^+$, and $CD3^+/DX5^+$ cell numbers separated from lung, peripheral lymph node and spleen in OVA-induced bronchial asthma mouse model in a dose dependent manner, However, CPHDT significantly reduced $CD8^+$ cell numbers from only lung and spleen. The administration of CPHDT significantly reduced $NK^+$ cell numbers separated from lung of OVA-induced bronchial asthma mouse model in all concentrations, but 200 mg/kg CPHDT reduced $NK^+$ cell numbers separated from peripheral lymph node. These results suggest that CPHDT has anti-asthma and anti-allergy effects. In addition to, CPHDT may be useful treatment of asthma based on the further studies about the individual efficacy search of the components of CPHDT and the adding of variety drugs to CPHDT.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2008

To investigate the effects of ESWTT on rheumatoid arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis mice model, the animals were orally administrated with the extract following by analyzing the changes of lymphocyte composition in spleen with flow cytometry. These results suggest as follows; 1. ESWTT decreased the total cell number of spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 41% and 32%, respectively. 2. ESWTT reduced the number of CD19+ cells in spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 51% and 46%, respectively. 3. ESWTT down-regulated the number spleen CD3+ cells approximately 26% at 400 mg/kg-treated group. 4. ESWTT decreased the number of CD3+/CD69+ cells in spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 79% and 76%, respectively. 5. ESWTT reduced the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in spleen, however, the results were not significant. 6. ESWTT decreased the number of CD4+/CD25+ cells in spleen at 400 and 200 mg/kg about 60% and 56%, respectively. Taken together these results, ESWTT has an efficacy on rheumatoid arthritis through inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes such as B and T cells.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was carried out to understand the immune responses of the Changchuldointanggami-bang(after referred to CDIT) on antioxidants, THP-1 cell and rheumatoid arthritis in Collagen-induced Arthritis(CIA) mice. Methods : The antioxidative effect of CDIT on DPPH free radical and SOD-like activity was measured. CDIT was administered to THP-1 cell, cytokine and mRNA associated with inflammation were measured. CDIT was orally administered to mice with arthritis by collagen II and then cytokine, PBMC in the serum were measured. Results : 1. The scavenging activity of CDIT on DPPH free radical was dose-dependent. 2. The effect of CDIT on SOD-like activity was dose-dependent. 3. The production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased significantly in THP-1 cell. 4. The expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA were decreased significantly in THP-1 cell. 5. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased significantly in the serum of CIA mice. 6. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ were increased significantly, but CD3+/CD69+, CD3+/CD49b+, B220+/CD23+ were decreased significantly in PBMC of CIA mice. Conclusions : Taking all these observations into account, CDIT is considered to be effective in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore we have to survey continuously in looking for the effective substance and mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.17-34
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effects of Gwanjul8-bang(here in after reffered to GJ8) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mice. Methods : For this purpose, GJ8 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II. Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, cytokine in serum were measured in vivo. Results : 1. The arthritis index was decreased significantly. 2. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was a significant decrease in paw joint. 3. In lymph nodes, $CD19^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells increased significantly, and $B220^+/CD23^+$ cells decreased significantly. 4. In joints, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells decreased significantly. 5. The levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-17, MCP-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. 6. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. 7. The degree of arthritis induced damage of joint of GJ8 group is slight compared with control group in histopathologic observation(hematoxylin & eosin(H&E), Masson-Trichrome(MT) staining). Conclusions : Comparison of the results for this study showed that GJ8 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJ8 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease. Therefore there seems to be many clinical research needed in the future.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2007

To evaluate the effects of GP on contact dermatitis, we examined the composition of immune cells from drain lymph node in DNCB-induced contact dermatitis murine model NC/Nga mice. And the amount of pathologic cytokines of spleen and antioxidant activity were investigated. The results were summarized as followers; 1. GP did not show cytotoxic effect on mLFC in vitro. 2. GP did not have hepatotoxicity in vivo in the level of ALT, AST. 3. GP decreased the production of DPPH and in a dose-dependent. 4. GP significantly decreased total cell number of DLN in DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice compared to the untreated control group. 5. GP significantly decreased the number of CD3+, CD19+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ and CD4+/CD45+ in DLN of DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice compared to the untreated control group. 6. GP significantly reduced the level of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ in splenocytes of DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice compared to the untreated control group. Taken together above results, GP have therapeutic effects on contact dermatitis by regulating T cell activation. This study warranted further investigations of molecular mechanisms of GP on contact dermatitis.