• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the heavy metal contents and distribution in bioorganisms from the estuary area of Mankyeong-Dongjin river. In paddy plant, the average contents of heavy metals were in order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd in all parts. Those of Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu were all highest in the leaf while lowest in the brown rice. The average content of Zn was almost similar in all parts. In the dried muscular parts of shellfish, the average contents of heavy metals were in the range of 1.06~1.95 mg/kg for Cd, 2.93~4.98 mg/kg for Cr, 0.90~1.17 mg/kg for Pb, 8.41~18.58 mg/kg for Cu and 29.81~67.31 for Zn, respectively, In fish(Acanthogobius hasta), the average contents of heavy metals in the dried body parts were in the range of 0.05~0.43 mg/kg for Cd, 0.65~4.59 mg/kg for Cr, 1.01~4.75 mg/kg for Pb and 1.34~4.19 mg/kg for Cu, with high accumulation in bone and head overally.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.218-228
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics of South Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a children's hospital over the past 5 years, with a specific focus on comparing the features observed between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Additionally, it aimed to examine the nursing diagnoses given to patients. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of Korean pediatric patients under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with IBD and hospitalized at a children's hospital in Seoul, South Korea, from January 2017 to December 2021. Results: The number of pediatric patients diagnosed with IBD steadily increased. This finding was particularly prominent for CD patients, the majority of whom were male. Pediatric patients with CD had significantly higher rates of abdominal pain and perianal lesions, while pediatric patients with UC had a higher rate of bloody stool. Laboratory findings indicated that CD patients had higher levels of inflammatory markers and lower albumin levels than UC patients. The nursing diagnoses given during hospitalization mostly related to safety and protection, physical comfort, and gastrointestinal function. Conclusion: This study provides insights into Korean pediatric IBD patients, enabling early detection and the development of nursing intervention strategies. From a comprehensive perspective, nursing care should not only address patients' physical needs but also their psychosocial needs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.479-488
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• 2007

In spite of the attention given to the study of mesenchymal stem cells derived periodontal ligament (PDL), there is a lack of information about canine PDL cells. In this study, we characterized canine PDL cells to clarify their stem cell properties, including self renewal, proliferate rate, stem cell markers and multipotency. PDL cells were obtained from extracted premolars of canines, following a colony forming assay and proliferation rate of sub-confluent cultures of cells for self-renewal, immunostaining for STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18 and a differentiation assay for multipotency. Canine PDL cells formed single-cells colonies and 25% of the PDL cells displayed positive staining for BrdU. The cells expressed the mesenchymal stem-cell markers, STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18. Under defined culture conditions, the cells differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes, but the cells didn't differentiated into chondrocytes. The findings of this study indicated that the canine PDL cells possess crucial stem cells properties, such as self-renewal and multipotency, and express the mesenchymal stem cell markers on their surface. The isolation and characterization of canine PDL cells makes it feasible to pursue preclinical models of periodontal regeneration in canine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.125-142
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Aqua-acupuncture with Stephania Tetrandra Solution (ST-AS) on arthritis. Methods : The author performde several experimental items : that isgene expression and secretion of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, MMP-2, production of ROS, paw thickness, DTH, weight of spleen, expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ in the spleen, production of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, examination of histology. Results : The obstain results are summarized as follows. 1. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression of hFLS were significantly inhibited in treatmentgroup, and gene expression of MMP-2 was not inhibited in treatmentgroup. 2. The secretion amount of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly inhibited in treatmentgroup. 3. Expression of P-38 MAP kinase and production of ROS were inhibited in treatmentgroup. 4. Treatmentgroup were significantly inhibited the incidence of arthritis, hind paw edema, the index of arthritis and DTH of CIA (collagen II-induced arthritis) mice. 5. Treatmentgroup were significantly decreased splenetic weight and the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ activated cells and secretion aroout of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ of CIA (collagen II-induced arthritis) mice.. 6. Treatmentgroup were expressed form of new bone, synoviumin, new margine in histology imperison to controlgroup. Conclusions : Taking all these observations into account, ST-AS injection is considered to be effective in treating arthritis and put to practical use in future arthritis clinic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1623-1627
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• 2005

Heavy metal pollution has become a serious health concern in recent years. Dogs are a very good indicator of the pollution load on the environment. They share people's environment and are exposed to the action of the same pollutants. This study estimated the heavy metal contents in the serum of dogs in domestic districts, and assessed the age, sex, feeding habits, living area, breeding environment and smoking habit of the owners. The findings suggest that dogs can be used to monitor the environmental quality of heavy metals. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the dog serum from 204 samples (108 male and 96 female) were 0.22${\pm}$0.01 $\mu$g/ml, 0.24${\pm}$0.04 $\mu$g/ml, 0.61${\pm}$0.08 $\mu$g/ml, and 0.50${\pm}$0.06 $\mu$g/ml (for Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cr), respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cr in the dog serum were higher in Yeongnam including Ulsan, and Seoul higher than those of Chungchong and Honam, especially Pb concentration, which was significantly higher (p<0.01). Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Cr in serum, were increased by age (p<0.05). When commercial pet food was provided to dogs, Cd and Cr concentrations were significantly higher in dog serum than dogs fed a human diet (p<0.01 in Cd and p<0.05 in Cr). Heavy metal concentrations of dogs owned by smoking owners, were higher than non-smoking owners although there was no significant difference.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.391-395
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• 2005

The title complex, $[Cd(N_3)_2(2-ethylimidazole)_2]$, I, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray single crystallography. The complex I crystallizes in the monoclinic system, Cc space group with a = 16.200(3), b = 12.926(3), $c=7.007(1){\AA}$, ${\beta}=102.29(3)^{\circ}$, $V=1433.7(5){\AA}^3$, Z = 4, $R_1=0.0239$ and ${\omega}R_2=0.0604$ for 1874 independent reflections. Cd(II) atom has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination geometry, with four end-on (${\mu}-1$,1) bridging azido ligands and two 2-ethylimidazole ligands bonding through nitrogen atom. The central cadmium(II) atoms are run in parallel to the c-axis and are doubly bridged with neighboring cadmium(II) atoms by the end-on (${\mu}-1$,1) bridging azido ligands. Thus, this complex has a one-dimensional zigzag chain structure in which the 2-ethylimidazole is in the cis conformation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.704-710
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• 2015

We studied white organic light-emitting diodes using blue fluorescent and red phosphorescent materials. White single OLEDs were fabricated using SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.%) and CBP : $Ir(mphmq)_2(acac)$ (2 vol.%) as emitting layer (EML). The white single OLED using SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.% 8 nm) / CBP : $Ir(mphmq)_2(acac)$ (2 vol.% 22 nm) as emitting layer showed maximum current efficiency of 8.8 cd/A, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.403, 0.351) at $1,000cd/m^2$, and variation of CIE coordinates with ($0.402{\pm}0.012$, $0.35{\pm}0.002$) from 500 to $3,000cd/m^2$. The white tandem OLED using SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.% 12 nm) / CBP : $Ir(mphmq)_2(acac)$ (2 vol.% 18 nm) showed maximum efficiency of 19.6 cd/A, CIE coordinates of (0.354, 0.365) at $1,000cd/m^2$, and variation of CIE coordinates with ($0.356{\pm}0.016$, $0.364{\pm}0.002$) from 500 to $3,000cd/m^2$. Maximum current efficiency of the white tandem OLED was more twice as high as the single OLED. Our findings suggest that tandem OLED was possible to produce improved efficiency and excellent color stability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.257.1-257.1
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• 2015

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 박막 태양 전지에서 buffer layer는 CIGS 흡수층과 TCO 사이의 밴드갭 차이에 대한 문제점과 lattice mismatch를 해결하기 위해 필수적이다. 흔히 buffer layer 물질로는 CdS가 가장 많이 사용되고 있으나 Cd의 독성에 관한 문제가 야기되고 있다. 따라서 ZnS(O, OH) buffer layer가 친환경 물질로 기존의 CdS 버퍼 층의 대체 물질로 각광 받고 있으며, 단파장 범위에서 높은 투과율로 인해 wide band gap의 Chalcopyrite 태양 전지에 응용되는 buffer layer로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 또한 buffer layer를 최적화 하여 carrier lifetime과 양자 효율이 증가시킬 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 박막에 화학습식공정 (CBD) 방법을 이용하여 최적화된 ZnS(O, OH)의 증착 조건을 찾고, 고품질의 buffer layer를 제조하기 위한 실험에 초점을 맞췄다. 또한, buffer layer의 막질을 개선하고 균일한 막을 제조하기 위해 processing parameters인 시약의 농도, 제조 시간 및 온도 등의 다양한 변화를 통해 실험을 진행하였다. 그 후 최적화된 ZnS(O, OH) buffer layer의 특성 분석을 위해 X-ray diffraction(XRD), photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and GD-OES을 이용하였고, 이를 통해 제조된 CIGS 박막 태양전지는 light induced current-voltage (LIV) and external quantum efficiency (EQE)를 통해 특성 분석을 실시 하였다. 결과적으로, 제조된 ZnS(O, OH) buffer layer의 $ZnSO4{\cdot}7H2O$의 농도는 0.16 M, Thiourea는 0.5 M, NH4OH는 7.5 M, 그리고 반응 온도는 77.5 oC의 조건 하에 CIGS 기판 위에 균일하고 균열이 없는 ZnS(O, OH) 박막을 제조하였으며 이때 제조된 태양전지의 소자 특성은 Voc = 0.478 V, Jsc = 35.79 mA/cm2, FF = 47.77%, ${\eta}=8,18 %$이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 1999

When red pepper was cultivated in the polluted soil with heavy metals, the content of these heavy metals affected. The contents of heavy metals at a site near Zinc mine dump in the Youngyang area were very high compared with those in a normal area and it was highest in 2.0km site. followed 2.5km > 3.0km apart from Zinc mine dump. The growth of red pepper was remarkably poor and the contents of heavy metals in polluted soil were higher than in unpolluted soil. The relationship between the content of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As and the growth of red pepper was negatively correlated, respectively. A higher correlation seemed to exist among the content of Zn.Cu, Cd, As in soil, of Zn, Cd, and As in red pepper. The result indicated that heavy metals were absorbed and accumulated by plants grown in the polluted area.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.53
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

This study was peformed to survey and evaluate contents of Pb and Cd in colored plastic kitchenwares by Korea Food Sanitation Act. The tested samples were 160 products(32 PE, 65 PP, 10 PS, 18 ABS and 35 MF) in a local market. The Pb and Cd contents range in the samples were $ND\~357.1mg/kg\;and\;ND\~376.6mg/kg$. Pb contents in 6 samples(1 PE, 1 PP, 2 PS and 2 MF) and Cd contents of 2 samples(1 PE and 1 ABS) were above the legal limits. Among the illegal smples, Pb contents were 140.8mg/kg, 283.4mg/kg, 134.0mg/kg, 329.2mg/kg, 357.1mg/kg and 218.3mg/kg, respectively and Cd contents were 123.1mg/kg and 376.6mg/kg. Pb and Cd in various food simulants were not detected in migration test for illegal samples. Simulants were tested at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;60^{\circ}C$ for n-heptane and $4\%$ acetic acid, and $60^{\circ}C\;and\;95^{\circ}C$ for water.