• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2004

In order to understand the anti-carcinogenic effects of Boo-jung-bae-bon-bang(扶正培本方)-B1), Hwal-hyul-hwa-eo-bang(活血化瘀方-B2), Cheong-youl-hae-dok-bang(淸熱解毒方-B3), prescriptions of individual B1, B2, and B3 treatments or combined treatments (B4; B1+B2, B5; B1+B3, B6; B1+B2+83, B7; B2+83) were applied to cultured cancer cell lines. The major findings on their anti-cardnogenic effects in terms of mechanism and synergistic interactions are summarized below. Results of cytokine gene expression analyses are summarized as follows; IL-2 gene expression was increased by B1 and B6 treatments, IFN-v gene expression increased by B3, B1, B6, and 85, and CD28 gene expression increased by B1 and B5. IL-4 expression was not affected by any treatments. In the FACS analysis, increases in numbers of immunoreactive CD3/sup +//CD25/sup +/ T cells by B1 and B5 treatment, CD3/sup +//CD69/sup +/ T cells by B1, B3, B5, and B6 treatments, CD19/sup +//CD44/sup +/ B cells by B1 and B6 treatments were observed when compared to the corresponding non-treated control groups.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.365-374
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• 2023

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory illness of the digestive system with unknown etiology, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. However, there are currently no effective treatments or medications available for individuals with CD. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The bioactive compounds and targets associated with compounds of Qinghua Xiaoyong Formula (QHXYF) were examined using The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, and 5 disease target databases were also used to identify CD-related disease targets. A total of 166 overlapping targets were identified from QHXYF-related and CD-related disease targets and they were found to be enriched in oxidative stress-related pathways and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Molecular docking was then used to predict how the bioactive compounds would bind to the hub targets. It was found that quercetin could be the core bioactive compound and had good binding affinity to the top 5 hub targets. Finally, animal experiments were performed to further validate the findings, and the results revealed that QHXYF or quercetin inhibited 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced inflammation and oxidative stress processes by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby improving CD symptoms. These findings suggest that QHXYF and quercetin may be potential novel treatments for CD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2000

The Organic Electroluminescence (OEL) device, that was consisted of ALq3(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) and TPD(N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine), has been used. We investigated characteristics of brightness and current density about OEL that was oxidated each layers. We used two samples that were fabricated each continuous and non-continuous method. Emission was observed above 10mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and luminance was measured to be 1530cd/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at a current density of 100mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$. A luminance of over 2600cd/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was also observed after the final fabrication process.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.385-391
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• 2011

Purpose: The periosteum is a well-known source of osteogenic precursor cells for tissue-engineered bone formation. However, cultured endothelial or endothelial-like cells derived from periosteum have not yet been investigated. This study focused on endothelial-like cell culture from the periosteum. Methods: Periosteal tissues were harvested from the mandible during surgical extraction of lower impacted third molars. The tissues were treated with 0.075% type I collagenase in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 1 hr at $37^{\circ}C$ to release cellular fractions. The collagenase was inactivated with an equal volume of DMEM/10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and the infranatant was centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The cellular pellet was filtered through a $100{\mu}m$ nylon cell strainer, and the filtered cells were centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The resuspended cells were plated into T25 flasks and cultured in endothelial cell basal medium (EBM)-2. Results: Among the hematopoietic markers, CD146 was more highly expressed than CD31 and CD34. The periosteal-derived cells also expressed CD90 and CD166, mesenchymal stem cell markers. Considering that the expression of CD146 was constant and that the expression of CD90 was lower at passage 5, respectively, the CD146 positive cells in passage 5 were isolated using the magnetic cell sorting (MACS) system. These CD146 sorted, periosteal-derived cells formed tube-like structures on Matrigel. The uptake of acetylated, low-density lipoprotein, labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-Ac-LDL) was also examined in these cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the CD146-sorted positive cells can be referred to as periosteal-derived CD146 positive endothelial-like cells. In particular, when a co-culture system with endothelial and osteoblastic cells in a three-dimensional scaffold is used, the use of periosteum as a single cell source would be strongly beneficial for bone tissue engineering.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2004

Background: Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme capable of synthesizing telomeric repeats, attracts attention for its possible role in determining the replicative capacity of normal somatic cells, transformed cells, and cells of the germline lineage. Differently from normal somatic cells with no telomerase activity, normal lymphocytes has been reported to have telomerase activity comparable to that found in transformed cells during development and activation, which substantiate a role in supporting the capacity of lymphocytes for extensive clonal expansion. Methods: Here, in order to define the telomerase regulation in murine T lymphocytes, telomerase activity in cloned murine $CD8^+$ T cells and naive $CD8^+$ T cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice was examined. Next, the regulatory mechanism of telomerase activity at transcriptional and post- translational levels was investigated by determining the expression level of the TERT protein, a key component for telomerase activity. Results: It was demonstrated that telomerase activity was expressed in an inactivated state as well as in an activated state in the murine $CD8^+$ T lymphocytes by using TRAP assay. The increase of telomerase activity was partially dependent on the net increase of TERT expression. Also, telomerase activity was decreased after treatment with protein kinase inhibitors, indicating that telomerase activation was prevented by inhibition of phosphorylation. Conclusion: Therefore, these results suggest that telomerase activity is constitutively expressed in the murine resting T lymphocytes and controlled by both transcriptional regulation and post- ranslational modifications.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in most of the tissue matrix, taking part in their regeneration when injury or damage occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cells with pluripotential characteristics in human subchondral bone and the capacity of these cells to differentiate to osteoblast. Methods : Human subchondral bone were digested with collagenase. Isolated cells were cultured with a-MEM, 15% FBS, 10-8M dexamethasone and 50 ng/mL ascoric acid. Cells from 0 day(isolated cells), 7 day (first subculture) and 14 days (third subculture) were used to carry out phenotypic characterization experiments flowcytometry analysis with 11 monoclonal antibodies) and osteogenic differentiation experiments. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was assessment by quantification of bone extracellular matrix components by following analysis: alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stains to detect ALP activity, RT-PCR and western blot to detect osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and type I collagen(Col I), and Alizarin red stains to detect calcium deposition. Results : Flowcytometry analyses showed that in our population more than 98% of cells were positive for MSC markers: SH-2(CD105, 99%), CD29 (95%), CD73 (95%). Cells were negative for hematopoietic markers (CD11b, CD34, and CD45). Furthermore, cells showed positive stain to multipotent markers such as CDl17 (c-kit) (15.1%), and CD166 (74.9%), and cell adhesion molecules such as CD54 (78.1%) and CD106 (63.5%). The osteogenic specific marker analyses showed that the culture of these cells for 7 and 14 days stimulates ALP, OCN, OPN and Col I synthesis by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Also, after 14 days in the culture of MSCs induces mineralization by Arizarin red stain. Conclusion : In this work, we demonstrated a new and efficient method for osteoblastic differentiation of human subchondral bone stem cells. As MSCs takes part in reparative processes of adult tissues, these cells could play an important role in osteogenesis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.166-174
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• 2002

Background: Human umbilical cord bloods, which could be taken during the delivery are utilized as a source of hematopoietic stem cells. Also in cord blood, there are several kinds of stem cells such as endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: We isolated the mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord bloods and confirmed the differentiation of these cells into osteoblast progenitor cells. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood have the ability to differentiate into specific tissue cells, which is one of characteristics of stem cells. These cells were originated from the multipolar shaped cells out of adherent cells of the umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell culture. Results: The mesenchymal stem cells expressed cell surface antigen CD13, CD90, CD102, CD105, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin and cytoplasmic antigen vimentine. Having cultrued these cells in bone formation media, we observed the formation of extracellular matrix and the expression of alkaline phosphatase and of mRNA of cbfa-1, ostoecalcin and type I collagen. Conclusion: From these results we concluded that the cells isolated from the umbilical cord blood were mesenchymal stem cells, which we could differentiate into osteoblast when cultured in bone formation media. In short, it is suggested that these cells could be used as a new source of stem cells, which has the probability to alternate the embryonic stem cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Lung cancer is the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and a lack of effective methods for early diagnosis has greatly impacted the prognosis and survival rates of the affected patients. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are considered to be largely responsible for tumor genesis, resistance to tumor therapy, metastasis, and recurrence. In addition to representing a good potential treatment target, TICs can provide clues for the early diagnosis of cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer, and the detection of related miRNAs in TICs is an important strategy for lung cancer early diagnosis. As Hsa-miR-155 (miR-155) can be used as a diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a smart molecular beacon of miR-155 was designed to image the expression of miR-155 in NSCLC cases. TICs expressing CD133 and CD338 were obtained from A549 cells by applying an immune magnetic bead isolation system, and miR-155 was detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We found that intracellular miR-155 could be successfully detected using smart miR-155 molecular beacons. Expression was higher in TICs than in A549 cells, indicating that miR-155 may play an important role in regulating bio-behavior of TICs. As a non-invasive approach, molecular beacons could be implemented with molecular imaging to diagnose lung cancer at early stages.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2008

Chemical forms and release potential of heavy metals were studied in the lime treated sediment of lake Chungcho. Chemical forms of heavy metals were analyzed using a sequential extraction method, and release potential of heavy metals was evaluated by the ratio of the content of labile forms to total metal one. Dominant form of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the untreated sediments was organic/sulfidic form that is stable in the reducing environment such as the bottom of Lake Chungcho. With liming of the sediment, the chemical forms of studied metals were greatly changed from organic/sulfidic form to adsorbed and reducible form, especially Cd and Cu to adsorbed and reducible form, but Pb and Zn to reducible form. It is believed that increase of unstable form of heavy metals in the sediments by liming was caused by the increase of pH of the pore water at the expense of organic/sulfidic form. Thus, we concluded that the liming approach currently used in the treatment of dredged sediments might cause the increase of labile form which is easily dissolved, and may increase the release of metals from the sediment into overlying water.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 2017

Heavy metal contamination of soil might be a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts of consuming contaminated products. In this study, the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg) in soils was analyzed, and the difference of heavy metal contents depending on crops, soil characteristics, and topography was compared in 169 greenhouse soils obtained from Gyeongnam Province. The concentrations of the heavy metals were $0.25mg\;kg^{-1}$ (ranged 0.01~0.44) for Cd, $28.94(0.53{\sim}72.63)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cr, $26.03(0.5{\sim}166.13)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu, $14.91(1.27{\sim}33.22)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Ni, $15.76(0.43{\sim}57.1)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb, $119.72(6.33{\sim}239.39)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn, $2.54(0.01{\sim}23.57)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for As, and $0.049(0.012{\sim}0.253)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Hg in topsoils. The concentrations of Pb and As in topsoil were highest in green pepper and those of Cd, Cr, and Ni were highest in melon. In addition, the concentrations of Cr and Ni were highest in diluvial terrace compared with the other topographies. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni were found in silty clay loam and silt loam soils than sandy loam and loam soils.