• 디지털콘텐츠
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• 5호통권24호
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• pp.56-62
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• 1995

소개된지 10년이라는 짧은 기간 동안, CD-ROM은 정보산업계에 커다란 변화를 몰고 왔다. 예를 들면, CD-ROM은 많은 회사에서 온라인검색을 대체하게 했다. CD-ROM은 이제 막 이룩하려는 단계이며, 미래가 어떨지 예측하기는 어렵다. CD-ROM하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 소비시장의 성장으로, 모든 전문 어플리케이션분야에서도 가격 하락, 첨예한 경쟁, 사양 및 기능의 다양화라는 충격을 줄 것이다. 소비시장의 성장은 전문이용자들에게도 좋은 뉴스가 될 것이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2011

Human NK cells, identified 30 years ago based on their ability to spontaneously kill tumor cells, constitute a subset of lymphocytes, which play an important role in the first line of immune defense and the effective function of these cells are enhanced by cytokines. Lung carcinoma has been one of the most commonly diagonosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in male. Here we provide the evidence that human natural killer cells has inhibitory effects on tumor growth of human lung cancer cell NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer). Enriched NK cell population was obtained by 2 weeks cultivation in interleukin-2(IL-2)-containing medium. The resulting population comprised 26% CD3$^+$ cells, 9% CD3$^+$CD4$^+$ cells, 16% CD3$^+$CD8$^+$ cells, 76% CD56$^+$ cells, 6% CD3$^+$CD56$^+$ cells and 70% CD3$^-$CD56$^+$ cells. Activated NK cells at doese of 2.5, 5, and 10 million cells per mouse inhibited 2%, 12% and 45% of NCI-H460-induced tumor growth in nude mouse xenograft assays, repectively. This result suggests that NK cell-based immunotherapy may be used as an adoptive immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+Natural Killer (NK) cell percentage. Study Design: Retrospective case control study. Materials and Methods: Thirty three women with RSA and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+NK cell percentage who had received low-dose IVIg therapy (400 mg/kg per day, every 4 week, until 20 gestational weeks) were included in this study. Controls were nine women with RSA and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+ Natural Killer (NK) cell percentage who had not received IVIg therapy were included in this study. Medical records of study and control groups were retrospectively analyzed and we compared the successful pregnancy outcomes between two groups. Successful pregnancy outcome was defined as pregnancy ongoing beyond 25 gestational weeks. Results: Age, number of previous abortions, pre-conceptional CD56+NK cell percentage and type of RSA were not statistically different between two groups. Otherwise, twenty-five women who received IVIg therapy (25/33, 75.8%) but, only three women who had not received (3/9, 33.3%) had a successful pregnancy outcome and the rate difference between two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on our study, low-dose IVIg therapy have a effective role in treatment of RSA patients with elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+ Natural Killer (NK) cell percentage, but more larger scaled prospective study is needed for available of conclusive evidence.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.347-354
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• 1999

Objective: This paper examines the possible toxicity to immune system in farmers chronically exposed to pesticides. Methods : We compared 43 male farmers exposed to pesticides with 29 male residents who had neither past nor current pesticides exposure. The selected variables for studying immunotoxicity were WBC, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56, IgG, IgA, IgM, and IL-2. As part of the baseline questionnaires for the immunotoxicity, subjects were asked about kinds of farming, posticides exposure and medical history. Results : None of the variables for studying immunotoxicity showed statistically significant difference between the two groups. Although the results were not statistically significant, CD4 and the CD4/CD8 ratio decreased and CD8 increased. These effects showed a dose response change with exposure level. In the exposed group, the values of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 and CD19 decreased and those of the CD8 and CD56 increased compared to the non-exposed group. Also there was higher prevalence of self-reported disease in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group. Conclusions: Although statistically significant differences in indices of immunotoxicity in farmers exposed to pesticides were not shown, the results suggest that pesticides may decrease immune function. More advanced test methods for immunotoxicity need to be developed and tested in larger population to detect immunotoxic effects of pesticides.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

웨어러블 광섬유 직물의 주요 요건은 의류에 적용하기 위해 높은 유연성을 전제로 해야 한다는 점과 인체의 평평한 부위뿐만 아니라 굴곡이 있는 구간에서도 발광 효과, 즉 휘도를 유지해야 한다는 점이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 위 조건을 충족하는 웨어러블 광섬유 직물의 세부 구조를 직조(weaving) 타입과 자수(computer embroidery) 타입의 2가지로 제작하였고, 이를 토대로 다음의 두 가지 조건에서 실험을 실시하였다. 첫째, 굴곡이 없는 평평한 상태에서의 웨어러블 광섬유 직물을 1cm간격으로 총 10개의 측정점을 좌표화하여 그 휘도를 측정하였다. 둘째, 인체 부위 중 입체적 굴곡이 발생하는 팔뚝 부위에 가로 방향으로 웨어러블 광섬유 직물을 배치하고 1cm 간격으로 총 10개의 측정점을 좌표화하여 그 휘도값을 측정하였다. 그 결과 직조(weaving) 타입의 경우, 평평한 상태에서의 휘도값은 최대 $5.23cd/m^2$, 최소 $2.74cd/m^2$, 평균 $3.56cd/m^2$, 표준편차 $1.11cd/m^2$로 나타났고, 팔뚝 부위에서의 휘도값은 최대 $7.92cd/m^2$, 최소 $2.37cd/m^2$, 평균 $4.42cd/m^2$, 표준편차 $2.16cd/m^2$로 나타났다. 또한 자수(computer embroidery) 타입의 경우, 평평한 상태에서의 휘도값은 최대 $7.56cd/m^2$, 최소 $3.84cd/m^2$, 평균 $5.13cd/m^2$, 표준편차 $1.04cd/m^2$로 나타났고, 팔뚝 부위에서의 휘도값은 최대 $9.62cd/m^2$, 최소 $3.63cd/m^2$, 평균 $6.13cd/m^2$ 표준편차 $2.26cd/m^2$ 나타났다. 즉, 자수(computer embroidery) 타입의 경우가 직조(weaving) 타입의 경우에 비해 더 높은 발광 효과를 보였는데 이는 자수(computer embroidery) 타입의 세부 구조가 배면 소재로 인해 빛의 손실을 줄일 수 있었기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 두 타입 모두에서 팔뚝부위의 휘도가 평평한 상태에 비해 각각 124%, 119%로 나타나, 인체의 굴곡에도 본 웨어러블 광섬유 직물의 발광효과가 우수하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이는 빛의 파동설을 정의한 호이겐스의 원리(Huygens' principle), 빛 파면의 진행 방향과 이루는 각도(${\theta}$)의 크기에 커지면 이와 비례하여 빛의 세기도 커진다는 호이겐스-프레넬-키르히호프 원리(Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff principle)와 일치하는 결과이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1989년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.56-58
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• 1989

All-polycrystalline Cd$_1$-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells have been fabricated by coating CdTe slurries with 4.5 wt% of CdCl$_2$on the sintered Cd$_1$-xZnxS films and by sintering CdTe layer at 6$25^{\circ}C$ for lh in nitrogen atmosphere. Solar efficiency of the sintered Cd$_1$-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells increases as the Zn content increases up to x=0.06 and then decreases with further increase in the Zn content. A solar efficiency of 12.5% under a solar intensity of 76mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was observed in a Cd 0.94 Zn0.06S/CdTe solar cell. By optimizing the amount of CdCl$_2$in the slurry and sintering conditions, it is possible to produce Cd$_1$-xZnxS/CdTe solar cells with efficiency higher than 12%.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2004

We have extended our previous work that cross-linking CD4 molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD$4^+$We have extended our previous work that cross-linking CD$4^+$ molecules using specific MAb induced antigen nonspecific, MHC unrestricted killing of virally infected target cells by CD$4^+$ T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD$4^+$T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD$4^+$T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The CD$4^+$cross-linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF${\beta}$ Upregulation of TNF${\beta}$ was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV-1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF${\beta}$ antibody partially abolished (13-44%) the direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased p$56^ICK enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD$4^+$T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally-infected cells.T cells. The killing activity of antibody activated CD$4^+$T cells was completely blocked by herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylamaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Herbimycin A treated human or bovine peripheral blood CD4T cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4molecules. The CD4 cross-linking failed to induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF$\beta$. Upregulation of TNF$\beta$ was induced by incubating the antibody activated effector cells with BHV-1 infected D17 target cells for 10 h. Anti-TNF$\beta$ antibody partially abolished (13-44%) the direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. However, this antibody neutralized 70 to 100% of antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on the effector and target cell ratio. These results support the hypothesis that increased $56^ICK enzyme activity in effector cells transduces a signal critical for effector cell recognition of viral glycoproteins expressed on the target cells. Following target cell recognition, lytic cytokines known to participate in target cell killing were produced. A better understanding of the killing activity displayed by CD$4^+$T lymphocytes following surface receptor cross-linking will provide insight into the mechanisms of cytotoxic activity directed toward virally-infected cells.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2000

실리카고정괭생이모자반을 합성하여 중금속 흡착제로 이용하였다. 이 흡착제에 대한 중금속 Cd(II), Pb(II)이온의 최대흡착조건을 알아보고 흡착특성을 연구하였다. 그 결과 산성보다는 알카리성에서 흡착량이 더 크고 Si-고정괭생이모자반에 대한 중금속 Cd(II), Pb(II)이온의 흡착량이 더 큼을 알 수 있었다. 또한 Cd(II) 이온보다 Pb(II) 이온의 흡착량이 더 높음을 알 수 있었다. Cd(II) 및 Pb(II) 이온의 회수율은 괭생이모자반에서 58.0-62.6%, 61.2-64.4%로 나타났고, Si-고정괭생이모자반에서 56.8-92.7%, 37.8-47.9%로 나타났다. Cd(II)이온은 Si-고정괭생이모자반에서의 회수율이 더 높게 나타났으나, Pb(II) 이온은 Si-고정괭생이모자반에서의 회수율이 더 낮게 나타났음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.852-859
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• 2020

The muscle stem cells of domestic animals are of interest to researchers in the food and biotechnology industries for the production of cultured meat. For producing cultured meat, it is crucial for muscle stem cells to be efficiently isolated and stably maintained in vitro on a large scale. In the present study, we aimed to optimize the method for the enrichment of pig muscle stem cells using a magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system. Pig muscle stem cells were collected from the biceps femoris muscles of 14 d-old pigs of three breeds [Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc (LYD), Berkshire, and Korean native pigs] and cultured in skeletal muscle growth medium-2 (SkGM-2) supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Approximately 30% of total cultured cells were nonmyogenic cells in the absence of purification in our system, as determined by immunostaining for cluster of differentiation 56 (CD56) and CD29, which are known markers of muscle stem cells. Interestingly, following MACS isolation using the CD29 antibody, the proportion of CD56⁺/CD29⁺ muscle stem cells was significantly increased (91.5±2.40%), and the proportion of CD56 single-positive nonmyogenic cells was dramatically decreased. Furthermore, we verified that this method worked well for purifying muscle stem cells in the three pig breeds. Accordingly, we found that CD29 is a valuable candidate among the various marker genes for the isolation of pig muscle stem cells and developed a simple sorting method based on a single antibody to this protein.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2005

목적: 영양상태가 면역력과 상관관계가 있다는 점에 착안하여 위암 환자에서의 혈청 알부민수치와 림프구아형의 수적인 병화에 근거하여 그 상관관계를 확인하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 8월부터 2004년 8월까지 위암으로 진단 받고 수술을 시행한 한자 중에서 수술 전에 말초혈액 림프구아형 검사를 시행한 환자 150명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 위암 환자에서 혈청 알부민수치 변화에 따른 림프구아형의 병화를 비교하였고, 각 병기에 따른 변화도 비교하였다. 3.2 mg/dl를 기준으로 환자들을 구분하였을 때 말초혈액 림프구수, CD3+ 세포, CD4+ 세포, CD8+ 세포, CD16+56 세포수는 혈청 알부민 수치가 3.2 mg/dl 이상인 군보다 3.2 mg/dl 미만인 군에서 의미 있게 감소한 것을 볼 수 있었다(P<0.05). 혈청 알부민수치가 낮은 군에서 제1기(n=59)에서는 CD16+ 세포수의 감소, CD4+/CD8+ 비율의 의미 있는 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 제IV기(n=33)에서도 혈청 알부민수치가 낮은 군에서 CD19+세포를 제외한 나머지 모든 림프구아형의 수적인 감소가 있었고 CD4+/CD8+ 비율의 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 결론: 혈청알부민수치가 낮은 군이 정상인 군보다 전반적인 림프구아형의 절대수가 낮다. 이에 근거하여 위암 환자에서 영양상태와 면역상태는 깊은 상관관계가 있음을 다시 확인하였다.