• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.818-825
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• 2009

Edutainment is the one of important factors to study interactive TV for children, and it is a big portion in kid's marketing and education market as well. The aim of this study is to design interactive TV for children to maximize edutainment effects by researching children's behaviors. The analysis of children's behaviors with educational effects should be focused to apply designing user experience to propose new ideas of interactive TV. Through observing children's behaviors and interaction with other media, such as books, CD players, digital camera, and so on, TV can be reanalyzed as reliable media, which is creative interactive TV for children with proposals of user experience structure and interaction solution. TV has been changed from analog TV to IPTV and it will be different with network and interactive solution.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.217-240
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the semantic network analysis to understand image contents and to examine the degree to which words, word clusters contributed to the formation of semantic map within image contents. For this research, from 1993 until 2016 the field of the image contents were collected for a total of 2,624 cases papers. The word appeared in Title analyzed the social network by using the R program of Big Data. The results were as follows: First, The field of image contents is based on researches related to 'image', 'media' and 'contents'. Second, there is a three-step flow ('education' -> 'media' -> 'contents') of research in the field of image contents. Third, researches related to 'broadcasting', 'digital', 'technology', and 'production' were continuously carried out. Finally, There were new research subjects for each regime.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.260-264
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• 2007

We have studied stability in organic light-emitting diode depending on buffer layer and cathode. A transparent electrode of indium-tin-oxide(ITO) was used as an anode. An electron injection energy barrier into organic material is different depending on a work function of cathodes. Theoretically, the energy barriers for the electron injection are 1.2 eV, -0.1 eV, and 0.0 eV for Al, LiAl, and LiF/Al at 300 K, respectively. We considered the cases that holes are injected to organic light-emitting diode. The hole injection energy barrier is about 0.7 eV between ITO and TPD without buffer layer. For hole-injection buffer layers of CuPc and PEDOT:PSS, the hole injection energy barriers are 0.4 eV and 0.5 eV, respectively. When the buffer layer of CuPc and PEDOT:PSS is existed, we observed the effects of hole injection energy barrier, and a reduction of operating-voltage. However, in case of PVK buffer layer, the hole injection energy barrier becomes high(1.0 eV). Even though the operating voltage becomes high, the efficiency is improved. A device structure for optimal lifetime condition is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD/$Alq_3$/LiAl at an initial luminance of $300cd/m^2$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 1998

To analyze the role of the C and D domains in the cyclization activity of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), two plasmids, pKB1ΔC300 and pKB1ΔD96, were constructed in which DNA regions encoding 100 and 32 amino acids, respectively, from the C and D domains of B. stearothermophilus NO2 CGTase were deleted. The mutated CGTase from the pKBlΔC300 produced much lower amounts of ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and $\gamma$-cyclodextrin (CD) than the parental CGTase. However, the mutated CGTase from the pKBlΔD96 showed a similar production pattern of CDs to wild-type CGTase. The production ratios of the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$- and $\gamma$-CDs were not affected by the deletions, when compared to those of parental CGTase. The optimum temperature of the mutated CGTase from the pKBlΔC300 was decreased from $60^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH of the mutated CGTase from the pKB1D96 was shifted from 6.0 to 7.0. The thermostability of the two mutant CGTases were not changed. From these results, it is suggested that the C and D domains are not related to cyclization activity directly because mutant-enzymes deleted C or D domains still possessed their activity. However, they are important for other enzymatic properties such as productivity and pH optimum as a partition of CGTase tertiary structure.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.205-212
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• 2005

The study was conducted to investigate the removal of heavy metals by using Hydroxyapatite(HAp) made from waste oyster shells and wastewater with high concentration of phosphorus. The maximum calcium concentration for the production of HAp in this study was released up to 361 mg/L at pH of 3 by elution experiments. When the pH was at adjusted 6, the maximum calcium released concentration was 41 mg/L. During the elution experiment, most of the calcium was released within 60 minutes. This reaction occurred at both pH levels of 3 and 6. The result of the XRD analysis for the HAp product used in this study shows the main constituent was HAp, as well as OCP. The pH was 8.6. As the temperature increased, the main constituent did not vary, however its structure was crystallized. When the pH was maintained at 3, the removal efficiency decreased as the heavy metal concentration increased. The order of removal efficiency was as follows: $Fe^{2+}$(92%), $Pb^{2+}$(92%) > $Cu^{2+}$(20%) > $Cd^{2+}$(0%). Most of these products were dissolved and did not produce sludge in the course of heavy metals removal. As the heavy metal concentration increased at pH of 6, the removal efficiency increased. The removal efficiencies in all heavy metals were over 80%. From the analysis of the sludge after reaction with heavy metals, the HAp was detected and the OCP peak was not observed. Moreover, lead ion was observed at the peaks of lead-Apatite and lead oxidant. In the case of cadmium, copper and iron ions, hydroxide forms of each ion were also detected.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 2002

PEBP2/CBF (Polyomavirus Enhancer-core Binding Protein 2/Core Binding Factor), represents a new family of heterodimeric transcription factor. Those members play important roles in hematopoiesis and osteogenesis in mouse and human. PEBP2/CBF is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. Each member of the PEBP2/CBF family of transcription factors is composed of two subunits, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$. The evolutionarily conserved 128 amino acid region in ${\alpha}$ subunit has been called the Runt domain, which harbors two different activities, the ability to bind DNA and interact with the ${\beta}$ subunit. Recently, cDNA clones encoding the C. elegans Runt domain were isolated by screening a cDNA library. This gene was referred to run (Runt homologous gene). In this study, the basic experiments for the structural characterization of RUN protein were performed using spectroscopic methods. We have identified the structural properties of RUN using bioinformatics, CD and NMR. The limit temperature of the structural stability was up to 60$^{\circ}C$ with irreversible thermal process, and the structure of RUN seems to adopt ${\alpha}$ helices and one or more ${\beta}$ sheet or turn. The degree of NMR peak dispersion and intensity was increased by addition of glycine. Therefore, glycine could be used to alleviate the aggregation property of RUN in NMR experiment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2303-2309
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• 2007

Expressed protein ligation (EPL) technique, joining recombinantly expressed proteins to polypeptides, has been widely adopted for addressing various biological questions and for drug discovery. However, joining two recombinant proteins together is sometimes difficult when proteins are expressed insoluble and unrefoldable, because ligation-active proteins via intein-fusion are obtainable when they are folded correctly. We overcame this limitation coexpressing target protein with additional methionine aminopeptidase (MAP) which enhances removal of the initiation methionine of recombinantly expressed protein. Our approach demonstrated that two domains of 46 kDa 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, a target of herbicide glyphosate, were successfully joined by native chemical ligation, although its C-terminal domain was expressed as an inclusion body. The intein-fused N-terminal fragment of EPSP synthase (EPSPSN, residues 1-237) was expressed and the ligation-active thioester tagged N-terminal fragment (EPSPSN-thioester) was purified using a chitin affinity chromatography and mercapto-ethanesulphonate (MESNA) as intein thiolysis reagent. Its Cterminal fragment (EPSPSC, residues Met237-238CYS-427), expressed as an inclusion body, was prepared from an additional MAP-expressing strain. Protein ligation was initiated by mixing ~1 mM of EPSPSN-thioester with ~2 mM of EPSPSCCYS (residues 238CYS-427). Also we found that addition of 2% thiophenol increased the ligation efficiency via thiol exchange. The ligation efficiency was ~85%. The ligated full-length EPSP synthase was dissolved in 6 M GdHCl and refolded. Circular dichroism (CD) and enzyme activity assay of the purified protein showed that the ligated enzyme has distinct secondary structure and ~115% specific activity compared to those of wild-type EPSP synthase. This work demonstrates rare example of EPL between two recombinantly expressed proteins and also provides hands-on protein engineering protocol for large proteins.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3223-3228
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• 2011

To quantify the presence of mercuric ions in aqueous solution, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of poly(dT) was employed using a light switch compound, $Ru(phen)_2(dppz)^{2+}$ (1) which is reported to intercalate into dsDNA of a right-handed B-form. Addition of mercuric ions induced the dehybridization of poly(dT)${\cdot}$poly(dA) duplexes to form a hairpin structure of poly(dT) at room temperature and the metal-to-ligand charge transfer emission derived from the intercalation of 1 was reduced due to the dehybridization of dsDNA. As the concentration of $Hg^{2+}$ was increased, the emission of 1 progressively decreased. This label-free emission method had a detection limit of 0.2 nM. Other metal ions, such as $K^+$, $Ag^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cr^{3+}$, $Fe^{3+}$, had no significant effect on reducing emission. This emission method can differentiate matched and mismatched poly(dT) sequences based on the emission intensity of dsDNA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3327-3332
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• 2011

Antimicrobial peptides have recently gained the much attention because of their ability to make defense system from attacking bacterial infections. Drosocin has been considered as very attractive antibiotic agents because of low toxicity against human erythrocytes and active at the low concentration. We have studied the structureactivity relationship of a glycopeptide drosocin focused on the N-acetyl-D-galactoside at $Thr^{11}$ residue. Based on the radial diffusion assay, we found that the acetylation of carbohydrate moiety increased the antimicrobial activity and the $Pro^{10}$, present in the middle of drosocin plays an important role in the antimicrobial activity. Our results provide a good lead compound for further studies on the design of drosocin-based analogues targeting glyco linked Thr site.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07e
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• pp.35-39
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• 2000

$ZnIn_2S_4$ and $ZnGaInS_4:Er^{3+}$ single crystals crystallized in the rhombohedral (hexagonal) space group $C_{3v}^5(R3m)$, with lattice constants $a=3.852{\AA},\;c=37.215{\AA}$ for $ZnIn_2S_4$, and $a=3.823{\AA}$, and $c=35.975{\AA}$ for $ZnIn_2S_4:Er^{3+}$. The optical absorption measured near the fundamental band edge showed that the optical energy band structure of there compounds had a direct and indirect band gap, the direct and indirect energy gaps are found to be 2.778 and 2.682 eV for $ZnIn_2S_4$, and 2.725 and 2.651eV for $ZnIn_2S_4:Er^{3+}$ at 293 K. The photoluminescence spectra of $ZnIn_2S_4:Er^{3+}$ measured in the wavelength ranges of $500nm{\sim}900nm$ at 10 K. Eight sharp emission peaks due to $Er^{3+}$ ion are observed in the regions of $549.5{\sim}550.0nm,\;661.3{\sim}676.5nm$, and $811.1{\sim}834.1nm$, and $1528.2{\sim}1556.0nm$ in $CdGaInS_4:Er^{3+}$ single crystal. These PL peaks were attributed to the radiative transitions between the split electron energy levels of the $Er^{3+}$ ions occupied at $C_{2v}$, symmetry of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystals host lattice.