• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1999

Background: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can induce antitumor effects in vivo. This antitumor effect is associated with T cell infiltration but the effect of IL-12 on the steps of T cell migration into the tumor tissue has not been fully elucidated. This study focused on the effect of IL-12 on the tumor growth and the metastasis and on the expression of E-selectin, an adhesion molecule which is activated endothelial specific in its expression. In addition, we studied whether the expression of E-selectin is associated with the TNF-$\alpha$, a cytokine that its production is increased by IL-12 and has functions inducing a variety of adhesion molecules. Methods: Mice of C57BL/6 strain were injected with Lewis lung cancer cells followed by either IL-12, TNF-$\alpha$, or normal saline by intraperitoneal route. Twenty eight days after tumor cell inoculation, metastatic nodules of lung were enumerated and immunohistochemical staining of the subcutaneous tumors were performed with monoclonal antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD16, and E-selectin. In IL-12 treated mice, the subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung tumors were decreased in size and the metastases were also decreased in number compared to control mice. On tumor tissues, increased infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells were oberved in IL-12 treated mice compared to control mice. In control mice, E-selectin was absent on tumor vessels, but the expression of E-selectin was increased on tumor vessels of IL-12 treated mice. Administration of TNF-$\alpha$ increased not only the expression of E-selectin but also infiltrations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells on tumor tissues. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that IL-12 inhibits tumor growth and metastases through infiltrations of inflammatory cells in mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma and E-selectin may playa role in inflammatory cell recruitment on tumor tissue following IL-12 administration. Also, TNF-$\alpha$ may have a role as a mediator responsible for the IL-12 induced expression of E-selectin.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.393-398
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• 2008

Trace analysis of Cd and Pb at surface modified thick film graphite electrode with Bi nanopowder has been carried out using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. Bi nanopowder synthesized by gas condensation (GC) method showed the size of $50{\sim}100$ nm with BET surface area, $A_{BET}=6.8m^{2}g^{-l}$. For a strong adhesion of the Bi nanopowder onto the screen printed carbon paste electrode, nafion solution was added into Bi-containing suspension. From the SWASV, it was found that the Bi nanopowder electrode exhibited a well-defined responses relating to the oxidations of Cd and Pb. The current peak intensity increased with increasing concentration of Cd and Pb. From the linear relationship between Cd/Pb concentrations and peak current, the sensitivity of the Bi nanopowder electrode was quantitatively estimated. The detection limit of the electrode was estimated to be $0.15{\mu}g/l$ and $0.07{\mu}g/l$ for Cd and Pb, respectively, on the basis of the signal-to-noise characteristics (S/N=3) of the response for the $1.0{\mu}g/l$ solution under a 10 min accumulation.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of aircraft traffic emissions on soil pollution, metal levels were analyzed for 8 metals (Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Cd) from the vicinity of the Indira Gandhi International (IGI) airport in Delhi, India. The texture of the airport soil was observed to be sandy. Among the metals, Cd showed minimum concentration ($2.07{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$), while Fe showed maximum concentration ($4379{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$). The highest metal accumulation was observed at the landing site. Significant correlations were observed between metals and different textures (sand, silt, and clay) as well as with organic carbon (OC). The results indicate that grain size play a major role in OC retention in soil and subsequently helps in adsorption of metals in soil. M$\ddot{u}$ller's geoaccumulation index (I-geo) showed that airport soil was contaminated due to Cd and Pb with the pollution class 2 and 1, respectively. Pollution load index of the airport site was 1.34-3 times higher than the background site. The results of factor analysis suggested that source of the soil metal is mainly from natural weathering of soil, aircraft exhaust, and automobile exhaust from near by area. With respect to Dutch target values, the airport soils showed ~3 times higher Cd concentration. The study highlighted the future risk of enhanced metal pollution with respect to Cd and Pb due to aircraft trafficking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.189-189
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• 2016

Recently, many researchers have shown an increased interest in colloidal quantum dots (QDs) due to their unique physical and optical properties of size control for energy band gap, narrow emission with small full width at half maxima (FWHM), broad spectral photo response from ultraviolet to infrared, and flexible solution processing. QDs can be widely used in the field of optoelectronic and biological applications and, in particular, colloidal QDs based light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have attracted considerable attention as an emerging technology for next generation displays and solid state lighting. A few methods have been proposed to fabricate white color QDLEDs. However, the fabrication of white color QDLEDs using single QD is very challenging. Recently, hybrid nanocomposites consisting of CdTe/ZnO heterostructures were reported by Zhimin Yuan et al.[1] Here, we demonstrate a novel but facile technique for the synthesis of CdTe/ZnO/G.O(graphene oxide) quasi-core-shell-shell quantum dots that are applied in the white color LED devices. Our best device achieves a maximum luminance of 484.2 cd/m2 and CIE coordinates (0.35, 0.28).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 2008

Objective : The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Jasinwhalhyul-tang (Zishenhuoxue-tang, JWT) on MRL/MpJ-Ipr/Ipr mouse model with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: The effect of JWT on MRL/MpJ-Ipr/Ipr mice that have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in humans was evaluated after JWT per oral in the present study. Mice were administered with Jasinwhalhyul-tang (Zishenhuoxue-tang, JWT) (80 or 400mg/kg) or distilled water for control group from experimental week 10 for 22 weeks. Results : The amount of erythematosus skin lesion and proteinuria were significantly decreased. The size and weight of cervical lymph nodes and spleen were significantly reduced. The ratio between activated $CD3^+CD69^+$ T-cells and undifferentiated $CD3^+CD4^-CD8^-$ T-cells in lymph nodes, spleen and kidney was effectively reduced. The gene expression of TGF-$\beta$ in spleen and kidney was increased. The amount of anti-dsDNA IgG in blood was decreased. The gene expression of TGF-$\beta$ in normal mouse spleen cells was increased depending on concentration by treatment of with T cell stimulating agent. In the histological examination of skin and kidney, the amount of infiltration of immune cells involved in the inflammatory response was decreased. Conclusions : According to the above results, JWT should be considered as an applicable therapeutic agent to SLE in clinical practice. Further research is required to investigate other efficacies of JWT on SLE.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 1992

Heavy metal adsorption on peat was studied to examine the utilization of abundant natural resouces as pollution control. The smaller the peat particle size, the more the heavy metals studied were adsorbed. Adsorption of heavy metals on peat was greater in single metal solutions than in mixed solutions, and the order of adsorption amount on peat was Cu > Cd > Zn. The most effective pH range of the adsorption of Cd, Zn, and Cu was between 4 and 6. With increasing the concentration of heavy metals the amount of adsorption on peat was increased, but the adsorption ratio was decreased. The adsorption of heavy metals on peat was fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and peat was appeared to be an effective adsorbent of the heavy metals. The treatment of polyethyleneimine(PEI) on the peat surface effectively increased adsorption capacity of the heavy metals. Because of its higher energy content, the heavy metal adsorbed peat could be utilized as a energy source. After burning the peat, the reduced peat volume could be save the expenses for waste disposal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4549-4552
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• 2013

The incidence of gastric cancer worldwide, and in particular in developing countries, has shown a marked increase. Poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients occurs due to the rapid metastasis of the disease via the lymphatic and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and the clinical significance of D2-40 and CD34 in human gastric cancer. D2-40 and CD34 expression wasdetected in 1,072 cases of Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma using immunohistochemistry. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) were calculated and analyzed and the correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis was determined. The LVD and MVD of the gastric cancer cases were significantly higher compared to those of normal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of D2-40-LVD and CD34-MVD in the malignancies were positively related to the age, tumor size, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) (P < 0.05); However, no statistically significant difference was identified between them with the patient gender (P > 0.05). Up-regulation of D2-40 and CD34 expression was significantly correlated with the poor survival rate in univariate and multivariate analyses. The LVD marked by D2-40 and the MVD marked by CD34 were positively correlated to the clinicopathological factors of the malignancies and may play important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

The properties of 18 K red gold solder alloys were investigated by changing the content of In up to 10.0 wt% in order to replace the hazardous Cd element. Cupellation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to check the composition of each alloy, and FE-SEM and UV-VIS-NIR-Colormeter were employed for microstructure and color characterization. The melting temperature, hardness, and wetting angle of the samples were determined by TGA-DTA, the Vickers hardness tester, and the Wetting angle tester. The cupellation result confirmed that all the samples had 18K above 75.0wt%-Au. EDS results showed that Cu and In elements were alloyed with the intended composition without segregation. The microstructure results showed that the amount of In increased, and the grain size became smaller. The color analysis revealed that the proposed solders up to 10.0 wt% In showed a color similar to the reference 18 K substrate like the 10.0 wt% Cd solder with a color difference of less than 7.50. TGA-DTA results confirmed that when more than 5.0 wt% of In was added, the melting temperature decreased enough for the soldering process. The Vickers hardness result revealed that more than 5.0 wt% In solder alloys had greater hardness than 10.0 wt% Cd solder, which suggested that it was more favorable in making a wire type solder. Moreover, all the In solders showed a lower wetting angle than the 10.0 wt% Cd solder. Our results suggested that the In alloyed 18 K red gold solders might replace the conventional 10.0 wt% Cd solder with appropriate properties for red gold jewelry soldering.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.795-799
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• 2006

Peptides, although high efficacy and specificity in their physiological function, usually have low therapeutical activities due to their poor bioavailability when administrated orally. Nanoparticles have been regarded as a useful vector for targeted drug delivery system because they can protect drug from being degraded quickly and pass the gastrointestinal barriers. Here we described a novel oral N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles formulation containing thymopentin (Tp5-TMC-NP). N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) was synthesized and then used to prepare Tp5-TMC-NP by ionotropic gelation. A three-factor, five-level CCD (Central Composite Design) design was used in the optimization procedure, with HPLC as the analyzing method. The resulting Tp5-TMC-NP had a regular spherical surface and a narrow particle size range with a mean diameter of 110.6 nm. The average entrapment efficiency was 78.8%. The lyophilized Tp5-TMC-NP formulation was stable in $4^{\circ}C\;or\;-20^{\circ}C$ after storage of 3 months without obvious changes in morphology, particle size, pH and entrapment ratio. The results of the flow cytometer determination showed that the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ of Wistar female rat given Tp5-TMC-NP (ig) was 2.59 time that of the group given Tp5 (ig).

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.20-22
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• 2002

Heavy metal level and distribution in sediments and bivalves from the tidal flats along the mid-western coast, Korea, were investigated. The averages of heavy metal concentrations in sediments from 5 sampling sites ranged from 86.35-187.77mg/kg for Mn, 13.25-17.73mg/kg for Zn, 6.80-11.85mg/kg for Cr, 4.28-6.25mg/kg for Ni, 1.85-3.09mg/kg for Cu, 0.004-0.020mg/kg for Cd and 5.70-10.41mg/kg for Pb, respectively. Among the mussels of the limited body size(8.5-11cm), heavy metal concentration both in the flesh and in the whole soft parts were not strongly related to the body size. It was shown that, in S. strictus, Cu moves fast into the flesh after absorption, but Pb and Fe move very slowly. Overally, the heavy metal concentration in the flesh tends to increase with that in the whole soft parts. The concentration factors(heavy metal concentration in S. strictus/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined metals, Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. strictus, followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr, Ni and Pb are not cumulative.