• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.504-510
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• 2014

In this study, physico-chemical properties and pollution degree of surface sediments collected at 5 stations(S1~S5) of Incheon H wharf in March 2014 were investigated. From particle size, surface area, XRD and XRF analyses, the sediment samples consisted of similar oxides and minerals. Considering total score of COD, AVS and IL, pollution level ranged between 2 and 3 based on domestic standards. In case of heavy metal contamination, Cd, Ni and Pb were classified as moderately polluted by USEPA standards. However, Cu, Zn and Cr were classified as heavily polluted. With geoaccumulation index value($I_{geo}$), Cd contamination was estimated as class 3. In addition, the calculated enrichment factors of Cd, Pb and Zn were exceeded a value of 1. Site S4 was high as 3.1 in total enrichment factor.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.1 s.258
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Background: CD44 is a glycoprotein on the cell surface which is involved in the cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interaction. The standard form, CD44s and multiple isoforms are determined by alternative splicing of 10 exons. Recent studies have suggested that CD44 may help invasion and metastasis of various epithelial tumors as well as activation of Iymphocytes and monocytes. The expression pattern of CD44 can be different according to tumor types. The author studied the expression pattern of CD44s and one of its variants, CD44v6 in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) to find their implications on clinicopathologic aspects, including the survival of the patients. Material and Method: A total of 89 primary NSCLSs (48 squamous cell carcinomas, 33 adenocarcinomas, and 8 undifferentiated large cell carcinomas) were retrieved during the years between 1985 to 1994. The immunohisto chemistry was done by using monoclonal antibodies and the CD44 expression for angiogenesis was evaluated by counting the number of tumor microvessels. Result: Seventy-one (79.8$\%$) and 64 (71 .9$\%$) among 89 NSCLSs revealed the expression of CD44s and CD44v6, respectively. The expression of CD44s was well correlated with that of CD44v6 (r=0.710, p < 0.0001). The expression of CD44s and CD44v6 was associated with the histopathologic type of the NSCLCs, and squamous cell carcinoma was the type that showed the highest expression of CD44s and CD44v6 (p < 0.0001). Microvessel count was the highest in adenocarcinomas (113.6$\pm$69.7 on 200-fold magnification and 54.8$\pm$41.1 on 400-fold magnification) and correlated with the tumor size of TNM system (r=0.217, p=0.043) and CD44s expression (r=0.218, p=0.040). In adenocarcinoma, the patients with higher CD44s expression survived shorter than those with lower CD44s expression (p=0.0194) but there was no statistical significance on multivariate analysis(p=0.3298). Conclusion: The expression of both CD44s and CD44v6 may be associated with the squamous differentiation in non-small cell lung carcinomas. The relationship of CD44s expression with micro-vessel density of the tumor suggests an involvement of CD44s in tumor angiogenesis, which in turn would help tumor growth.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

CD-ROM(Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) is very attractive storage media because it has much storage space but is small size and portable. Optical pickup, one of the most important parts for reading data on a CD-ROM, is not produced tuned up. For the use of goods, we must tune up the optical pickup by adjusting the screw for adjustment. First, we developed analog servo system for optical pickup tuners. For eliminating some problems in analog servo system, this paper designed the modeling of digital servo system for optical pickup tuner. Though the characteristics of optical pickup are changed, the digital servo system for optical pickup tuner can easily apply to all pickup, and can reduce the measurement error among the optical pickup tuners. For the purpose of confirming the designed digital servo system, we produced data that specify the disk vibration and the disk eccentricity, and simulated servo system with MATLAB.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.402-410
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• 1986

The Media Access Control(MAC) Technologies in IEEE 802 Local Area Network(LAN) reference model include CSMA/CD, Token Ring and Token Bus methodes. The channel throughput of LAN can be affected by some parameters such as channel length, transmission rate and packet size, and station numbers. In this paper, the effect of these parameters to channel throughput are analyzed by normalized parameters. And the token ring and token bus method are analyzed by using the normalized parameter, and relatinonship bwtween channel thorughput and parameters is discussed. Finally, results are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1997

The expansive properties of leaf tobacco by nitrogen gas was investigated with cut tobacco AB3O-1, CD3L-1(NC82). Major factors for the best expansion of the tobacco by the gas were an impregnated pressure and expansion temperature. The expansion rate for AB3O-1 and CD3L-1 at 250℃, 750kg/cm2 was 96.6%, 99.4% respectively. The shred size and fineness index at 96.6% of expansion rate for AB3O-1 was almost the same as at 58.3% for CD3L-1. The time reaching at equilibrium moisture under of RH 57% was 36hr in non-treated leaf tobacco, but it was 20hr in expanded tobacco. We confirmed that total sugar contents of leaf tobacco by the expansion was decreased with 9.3∼10.9%. Total alkaloid was decreased with 17.5∼21.1% and ether extracts was declined with 4.9∼9.3%. These results suggest that the expansion method of leaf tobacco by nitrogen gas is a useful method without any serious environmental troubles. Key words : expansion, nitrogen gas, heat treatment, tobacco.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.771-776
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• 2000

Major noise source in high speed rotating CD-Rom drives arises due to the high-speed airflow produced from the upper and lower surfaces on the rotating disk. The present paper deals with the experimental approach how to identify the noise source based on the fundamental principles of aeroacoustics and to propose a reduction method of the noise source. Experimental studies were carried out in the anechoic wind tunnel with various design modifications, such as tray geometry and window size, to identify and reduce the major aerodynamic noise source and significant reductions of the noise source were obtained.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1994

Sungnam city, as a major satellite town, is located in the southeast of Seoul. Atmospheric conditions are so stable that air pollutants from various emissions are tend to resist change because Sungnam city is located in the Namhansansung valley. The industrial distribution of Sungnam city are composed of various manufactories such as foods, fibers, chemicals, machinery and electronics etc. The heavy metal concentrations and size distribution are the most important parameters influencing among the way in which respirable suspended particulate matter interact with the human respiratory system. Respirable suspended particulate matter was collected on glass fiber filters from April 1993 to February 1994 according to particle size using Anderson sampler during 10 days per month at Sungnam city. 6 heavy metals, Fe, Zn, Pb Mn, Cu and Cd, were analyzed by particle size with atomic absorption spectrophotometry . The results could be summarized as follows: 1. The annual arithmetic mean concentration of total suspended particulate was 116.3$\mu $g/m$^{3}$ m', seasonal variation was the highest in spring season(196.5$\mu $g/m$^{3}$) and the lowest in Summer Season(72.9$\mu $g/m$^{3}$). 2. The ratio of airborne particulate concentrations respirable to nonrepairable( Res/Non- Res) of annual arithmetic mean value was 5.8'1, seasonal variation was highest in the spring season(6.3 : 1) and lowest in the summer season(4.6 : 1). 3. During the spring season the shape of the size distribution was trimodal which showed peaks at 3 size groups, which were below of 0.43$\mu $m, 3.3∼4.7$\mu $m and above of 11.0$\mu $g/m$^{3}$ respectively. 4. Respirable suspended particulate matter concentrations of Zn, Pb Cu and Cd were the highest in below of 0.43$\mu $m as follows; 0.517$\mu $g/m$^{3}$, 0.411 $\mu $g/m$^{3}$, 0.062$\mu $g/m$^{3}$ and 0.0310$\mu $g/m$^{3}$ , respectively, Fe and Mn were the highest in the particle size range of 4.7 ∼ 7.0$\mu $m as follows; 2.504$\mu $g/m$^{3}$ and 0.095$\mu $g/m$^{3}$, respectively. 5. The Pt Cd, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations of annual arithmetic mean value respirable to non- respirable( Res/Non- Res ) were 33.65, 19.27, 17.74, 10.54, 3.20 and 5.20, respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2011

To investigate the controlling factor and accumulation of trace metal concentrations in Chun-su Bay sediments, grain-size, specific surface area, organic carbon content, calcium carbonate content, and concentration of Al, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, P, S, Ba, Sr, Li, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cs, Sc, V, Sn were analyzed. Controlling factors of metals were quartz-dilution, calcium carbonate and coarse sand or K-feldspar. Although the distribution of V, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Cd concentration was explained by grain-size effiect, Mn and As showed the similar importance of grain-size effect and coarse sand or K-feldspar factors. By virtue of enrichment factor and 1 M HCl experiment, there were little enrichment in all the trace metals in bay sediments, which were explained well by geochemical properties of sediments. Since the concentration levels of As in coarse sand were high as much as those in fine-grained sediments and it was combined with Mn oxide (1 M HCl leached) and K-feldspar (residual), it was suggested that when the enrichment of As in sediments would be assessed, it is necessary to separate the coarse sand from bulk sediments or to use only sediments with higher than 10% in < $16{\mu}m$ fraction.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.9-36
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment. Thus, this study is expressed by using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice which have histological and clinical similarities to that of humans have been used. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology, serum total IgE and IgG1 of the mouse was evaluated, and cytokine levels, total number of the cells, immunohistochemical staining, histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), and a dorsal skin tissue of the mouse were analyzed. Results Oral administration of JUJSTK and concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ lowered the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, and serum total of IgE & IgG1, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17. In addition, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of $CD3e^+$ T cell, $CD4^+$ Th cell, $CD8^+$ c/sT cell, $CD3^+CCR3^+$ cell, $CCR3^+$ cell, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CXCR5^+$ in ALN, PBMCs, absolute cell number of $CCR3^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ in dorsal skin tissue, Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue and gene expression of IL-5 mRNA, IL-13 mRNA in ALN were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis infiltrated inflammatory immune cell & mast cell in dermis, histological infiltration of mast cell, the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells & plasma cells in ALN and histological infiltration of $CD4^+$ & $CCR3^+$ in ALN and dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased as well. Conclusions Concurrent administration of JUJSTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivoexperiment by using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective as an atopic dermatitis treatment.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 용액성장법에 의해 양자 입자로 구성된 CdS 박막을 슬라이드 유리기 판위에 성장시키고 이들의 구조적 광학적 특성에 대하여 연구하였고 이들 결과를 토대로 용 액성장법으로 성장된 CdS 박막의 양자 사이즈 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 성장시간은 1, 3, 10, 20분이었고 성장온도는 75$^{\circ}C$였다. X-선 회절 분석결과 본 연구에서 합성된 CdS 박막은 hexagonal상의 결정구조를 갖는 것으로 나타났고 성장시간에 따라 막의 투께는 61~195nm, 입자사이즈는 8.5~22.5nm로 나타났다. 광에너지 변화에 따른 투과도 측정결과 본 연구의 CdS 시료는 성장시간에 따라 에너지 밴드갭이 2.43~2.51 eV로 나타나서 벌크 CdS의 에너 지 밴드갭인 2.42 ev보다 높은 에너지 밴드갭을 갖게 되어 양자 사이즈 효과에 의한 blue shift 현상이 용액성장법에 의해 합성된 CdS 시료에도 존재한다는 것이 밝혀졌다 그리고 이 같은 용액성장법으로 성장된 CdS에 대해 최초로 수행된 Raman 산란 실험결과 이성장방법 으로 성장된 CdS에는 1TO, E2, 1LO 포논 모드가 존재함을 알수 있었고 또한 입자 사이즈 감소에 의한 1LO포논 모드의저주파수 shift 현상 즉 포논 모드의 softening 현상이 있음이 밝혀졌고 softening은 최대6.2%까지 발생하였다. 이와같은 높은 softening은 본연구의 CdS 박막 내 양자 입자의 입도가 작은것에 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 본 CdS 시료의 양 자 사이즈 효과의 결과로 1TO 포논도 나타났는데 이 1TO 포논과 E2 포논의 Raman shift 는 성장시간 즉 막의 두께와는 무관한 것으로 나타났다.행렬모형(二重比例行列模型)을 이용하여, 산업구조의 변화로 인한 직업별 인력수요 변화가 충분히 고려되도록 하였다. 전망의 결과에 따르면 향후 우리 경제는 지식기반경제(knowledge-based economy)로 이행하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 우선 산업구조면에서 지식집약적산업으로의 구조조정이 일어나게 되고 이에 따라 산업별 취업구조에서도 고기술산업의 취업준비중이 급속히 증가하게 된다. 직업별 취업분포에 있어서도 전문기술직 행정관리직 등의 고숙련 사무직의 비중은 크게 증가하는 반면 생산관련직과 농림어업직의 비중은 감소하게 된다. 이처럼 경제가 지식집약화되어 감에 따라 고학력자에 대한 수요는 지속적으로 증가하지만 현재 적절한 인력양성과 공급이 이루어지지 않고 있어 향후 기술이나 기능에 따른 수급부일정(需給不一政)(skill mismatch)현상이 매우 심해질 것으로 보인다. 따라서 앞으로의 인력정책에서 가장 주안점을 두어야 할 부분은 첨단기술산업과 관련된 인력의 양성에 있다고 하겠다.2시간까지 LPDG용액은 MEC용액보다 비교적 나은 회복을 보였고 재관류 3일과 7일의 폐기능 평가에서 두 용액 모두에서 폐기능의 점차적 소실을 보였으며 이는 병리조직검사에서 보듯이 폐혐에 의한 외적인 요소라고 생각되며 따라서 LPDG용액은 허혈재관류손상 방지 및 급성폐렴 등 염증을 잘 관리한다면 20시간 이상 LPDG용액의 안전한 폐보존의 가능성 을 얻을 수 있었다.ic 형태로 외래유전자가 발현되었지만 대조구에서 87.0% (26/30개) 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보인 반면, G418 처리구에서는 모든 배반포기가 $\beta$-Gal 활력을 보였다 (P<0.05). 그러나 대조구 및 G418 처리구의 ICM