• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

Although anti-atherogenic effects of cilostazol have been suggested, its effects on the expression of SR in macrophages are unclear. This study investigated the role of cilostazol on CD36 expression of murine macrophages enhanced by HNE, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. The stimulation of macrophages with HNE led to an increased expression of CD36, which was significantly attenuated by NAC, an antioxidant. Moreover, the increased production of ROS by HNE was completely abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, as well as by the 5-LO inhibitor, MK886, but not by inhibitors for other oxidases. This suggested that NADPH-oxidase and 5-LO were major sources of ROS induced by HNE. In addition, HNE-enhanced expression of CD36 was reduced by these inhibitors, which indicated a role for NADPH oxidase and 5-LO on CD36 expression. In our present study, cilostazol was a significant inhibitor of ROS production, as well as CD36 expression induced by HNE. An increase in NADPH oxidase activity by HNE was significantly attenuated by cilostazol, however cilostazol had no effect on HNE-enhanced 5-LO activity. Together, these results suggest that cilostazol attenuates HNE-enhanced CD36 expression on murine macrophages thorough inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2002

This study was carried out to find the difference in flavor compounds between cholesterol-reduced Cheddar cheese slurries and control sample. The cheeses were made by 3 different treatments as followings: 1) Control (no homogenization, no ${\beta}$-CD), 2) Trt A (1,000 psi milk homogenization, 1% ${\beta}$-CD) and 3) Trt B (cream separation following by 10% ${\beta}$-CD, mixed with skim milk at 1,000 psi homogenization). The cholesterol removals of the cheeses were 79.30% (Trt A) and 91.22% (Trt B). The cheese slurries made by the cheeses were aged at $32^{\circ}C$ for 3 wk. The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was significantly increased with storage time in all treatments. Total amount of SCFA was dramatically increased at 2 wk and maintained thereafter in control group. The amounts of acetone and acetaldehyde were slightly increased in control at 3 wk, however, no difference was found in others. Ethanol production was dramatically increased at 1 wk and decreased thereafter in all treatments. Based on our results, cheese slurries for Trt B showed a highest cholesterol removal rate. Although little difference was found in flavor production, lower amount of SCFA was found in Trts A and B in 2 and 3 wk. It may indicate that a certain amount of SCFA is decreased during ${\beta}$-CD treatment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.51.1-51.17
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• 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe pulmonary disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. Formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine trials failed due to vaccine enhanced respiratory disease, but the underlying immune mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we have used wild type C57BL/6 and CD4 knockout (CD4KO) mouse models to better understand the roles of the CD4 T cells and cellular mechanisms responsible for enhanced respiratory disease after FI-RSV vaccination and RSV infection. Less eosinophil infiltration and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production were observed in FI-RSV vaccinated CD4KO mice after RSV infection compared to FI-RSV vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. NK cells and cytokine-producing CD8 T cells were recruited at high levels in the airways of CD4KO mice, correlating with reduced respiratory disease. Depletion studies provided evidence that virus control was primarily mediated by NK cells whereas CD8 T cells contributed to IFN-γ production and less eosinophilic lung inflammation. This study demonstrated the differential roles of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as NK cells, in networking with other inflammatory infiltrates in RSV disease in immune competent and CD4-deficient condition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6433-6438
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• 2013

In hepatocellular cancer (HCC), lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation treatment can be caused by a loss of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells. Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A is inactivated in HCC and may be stimulated by an epigenetic change involving promoter hypermethylation. Therefore, drugs releasing epigenetic repression have been proposed to reverse this process. We studied the effect of the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine (5-Aza-CdR) on MAT1A gene expression, DNA methylation and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) production in the HCC cell line Huh7. We found that MAT1A mRNA and protein expression were activated in Huh7 cells with the treatment of 5-Aza-CdR; the status of promoter hypermethylation was reversed. At the same time, MAT2A mRNA and protein expression was significantly reduced in Huh7 cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR, while SAMe production was significantly induced. However, 5-Aza-CdR showed no effects on MAT2A methylation. Furthermore, 5-Aza-CdR inhibited the growth of Huh7 cells and induced apoptosis and through down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3. Our observations suggest that 5-Aza-CdR exerts its anti-tumor effects in Huh7 cells through an epigenetic change involving increased expression of the methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene and induction of S-adenosylmethionine production.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1994

토양에서 분리한 Bacillus sp. I-5의 cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase)는 ${\beta}-$ 및 ${\gamma}-cyclodextrin(CD)$를 주로 생성하는 효소로서 최적 반응조건은 pH 8.0, $50^{\circ}C$에서 최적 반응이었다. 생성되는 CD의 조성비는 buffer 용액에 따라 영향을 받았으며 sodium acetate의 농도를 200mM로 하였을 때 ${\gamma}-CD$의 생성은 35% 가량 증가하였다. 기질인 가용성 전분의 DE value에 따라 CD의 생성이 달라져 $3.5{\sim}6.0$범위의 DE value의 전분을 기질로 사용하였을 때 CD이 가장 많이 생성되었다. CD을 연속적으로 생산하기 위하여 CGTase를 가역적으로 용해-침전되는 담체인 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate에 고정화하였고 고정화된 CGTase는 pH 7.5에서 물에 용해되고 pH 6.0에서 쉽게 침전되는 특성을 나타내었다. CD의 연속적 생산은 고정화된 CGTase에 의한 CD의 생산, 반응하지 않은 기질을 glucose로 분해, glucose를 알코올로 발효시키는 단계로 하는 효소반응기를 개발하여 최종적으로 CD 혼합액과 에탄올이 생성되도록 하였다. 10%의 가용성 전분으로부터 생산된 전체 CD의 양은 3.65g이었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

CdS and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were made by the precipitation method and sol-gel method, respectively, and they were mixed mechanically and then treated with the hydrothermal processing. CdS-$TiO_2$ composite particulate films were thus prepared by casting CdS-$TiO_2$ mixed sol onto $SnO_2$ conducting glass and a subsequent heat-treatment at $400^{\circ}C$. Again, the physico-chemical and photoelectrochemical properties of these films were controlled by the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution. The photocurrents and the hydrogen production rates measured under the present experimental conditions varied in the range of $3.5{\sim}4.5mA/cm^2$ and $0.3{\sim}1.8cc/cm^2$-hr, respectively, and showed the maximum values at the $CdS/[CdS+TiO_2]$ mole ratio of 0.2. Also, the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution caused a considerable improvement in the photocatalytic activity, Probably as a result of close contacts between the primary particles by the etching effect of $TiCl_4$ It was found that the photoelectrochemical performance of these particulate films could be effectively enhanced by this approach.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1869-1880
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• 2004

In the oriental medicine, a mixture of herbs has been commonly used as important components to control allergic and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we prepared a mixture of Dictamni Radicis Cortex(Baiksunpee), Houttuyniae Herba(Uhsungcho), and Aurantii Immaturus Fructus(Jisil) to examine its anti-allergic effects in activated mouse splenic cells and found that Mix-1 is involved in regulating levels of B cell activating factors (CD23 and CD11a), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and 1gE as well as HRF expression. It was observed that Mix-1 did not have cytotoxic effects on mLFC. Mix-1 showed inhibition of CD23 and CD11 alpaha expression in mouse B cells, and also decreased the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and 1gE. Both RT-PCR and ELISA analyses indicated that IL-6 and TNF alpha production were regulated at the gene expression level. In contrast, IL-10 mRNA and protein levels were increased in activated B cells by Mix-1 treatment. We also found that Mix-1 inhibited B cell proliferation and inhibited histamine releasing factor(HRF) expression, suggesting its inhibitory effect on histamine secretion. These data indicated that Mix-1 has an anti-allergic effect in activated macrophages and further suggest the possible application of Mix-1 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergy-related diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1233-1242
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• 2007

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells in affected joints, which might be mediated by the altered activation of Immune system, ultimately leading to the destruction of cartilage and bone. To examine effects of GHS on rheumatoid arthritis DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen to induced arthritis and then treated with GHS once a day for 7 weeks. Oral administration of GHS (200 mg/Kg) significantly suppressed the progression of CIA, which extend is comparable to that of methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/Kg), a positive control. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints, which was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation, was also lowered by GHS. The production of TNF-and IL-6 in serum was significantly suppressed. The levels of IFN-g in the culture supernatant of splenocytes stimulated with CD3/CD28 or collagen were dramatically decreased, while those of IL-4 was increased. The levels of IgG and IgM RA factor were also decreased in the serum. FACS analysis indicated that B cells (in DLN), CD3+ T cells (in spleen, and paw joint), CD11b+Gr-1+ cells (in paw joint), CD3+CD49b(DX5) (in PBMC) were decreased and there was increased proportion of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD25+ T cells in DLN. In conclusion, our results demonstrates that GHS significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and this action was characterized by the decreased production of TNF-a, IL-6, and rheumatoid factors, and modulations of immune cell populations.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1330-1334
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• 2003

Astragali Radix(AR), one of the strong tonic herbs, is known to improve immunological responses in mice and human. In this study, AR's ai-reinforcing effect was examined in the context of CD4/sup +/ T cells' TCR/CD3 induced activation responses. In order to evaluate the direct effect of AR on helper T cells, CD4/sup +/ T cells are isolated using magnetic bead and their proliferation and CD69 expression in AR treated medium were assessed with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 activation for 48h. CD4 T cells' proliferation was slightly increased but there was little effect on CD69 expression. RT PCR and ELISA equally demonstrated that IL-2 and IL-4 production was increased but IFN-ν was down-regulated. This shows AR ethanol extract favors Th2 cytokine profile under neutral conditions.