• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2008

Purpose: National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) criteria and the Canadian Cervical Spine rule (CCR) are commonly used in cervical trauma patients to determine whether a plain cervical X-ray should be performed. However, plain cervical X-rays are so inaccurate that cervical spine computed tomography (CT) is often considered as a screening test. We studied the usefulness of the NEXUS criteria and the CCR for determining the need for a CT evaluation in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2007 to March 2008. Plain X-ray and CT scans of the cervical spine were performed on blunt trauma patients with neck pain. The relevancy of CT was examined using the NEXUS criteria and the CCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, and negative predicted value analyses were performed to diagnose the cervical spine injury. Results: During the study period, 284 patients were enrolled in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value, and negative predicted value of the NEXUS criteria were 87.5%, 1.1%, 5.0%, and 60.0% respectively, while those of the CCR were 87.5%, 8.2%, 5.3%, and 91.6%. There were two missed fracture cases when the NEXUS criteria and the CCR were applied independently, however, no cases were missed when both were applied. Conclusion: This study suggests the NEXUS and the CCR in combination can be used as a guide to CT evaluation for cervical spine injury in the ED.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.151-158
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• 2019

The high-technological in the electric and electronic industries is recognized in overseas markets as well. However, the competition for technologies in these industries is increasing. Therefore, electric and electronic firms should be more efficient in their production. so, This paper analyzes the efficiency of High-growth Electrical and Electronics firms using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR, BBC efficiency and RTS(return to scale) of 20 Korean high-growth Electrical and Electronics firms. There are a total of 12 efficient DMUs with a BCC of 1. There are a total of 4 efficient DMUs with a CCR of 1. A total of 11 DMUs were IRS in Scale Efficiency and a total of 6 DMUs were CRS in Scale Efficiency and a total of 3 DMUs were DRS in Scale Efficiency. We also suggest the Electrical and Electronics firms which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, we studied the effect of Pinellia Ternata (PT) on regulatory T cells and CD3+CCR3+ Th2 cells number in asthma model mice. Methods : All mice were immunized on two different days (21 days and 7 days before inhalational exposure) by i.p. injections of 0.2 $m\ell$ alum-precipitated Ag containing 100 ${\mu}g$ of OVA bound to 4 mg of aluminum hydroxide in PBS. Seven days after the second sensitization, mice were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 30 min/day on 3 days/week for 12 weeks(at a flow rate of 250 L/min, 2.5％ ovalbumin in normal saline) and PT (400, 200 mg/kg) were orally administered 3 times a week for 8 weeks. After C57BL/6 mice were orally given of PT, the percentages, cell numbers, phenotype and function of CD4+CD25+Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results : The cell numbers of CD4+CD25+Treg cell subsets were markedly increased in PT treated mice as reported. However, PT significantly reduced the CD3+CCR3+ Th2 cells in PBMC and lung of mice. Conclusions : These results indicate that PT has a deep inhibitory effect on asthma model mice by increase the number of regulatory T cells, and by reducing CD3+CCR3+ Th2 cells.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.353-360
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are relationships between radiologic parameters for osteoporosis by the proximal femur radiograhps and bone mineral density, as assessed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA). Proximal femur anterior-posterior projection were taken from 112 individuals who undergoing DEXA. Radiographic parameters including canal-to-calcar ratio(CCR) and cortical thickness indices(CTI) were measured and compared with bone mineral density($g/cm^2$), T-score. The intramedullary femoral canal width(FW) and calcar width(CW) at osteoporosis group was significantly larger than that of control group. The CCR were correlated negatively with bone mineral density($g/cm^2$)(r=-0.340, p<0.01), and the CTI were correlated positively(r=0.624). The diagnostic accuracy of CCR for osteoporosis was 63.4%, and kappa value was 0.271. And the accuracy of CTI was 67.0%, and kappa value was the level of fair agreement(${\kappa}$=0.258). The proximal femur with large CCR and small CTI had lower T-scores. When evaluating proximal femur anterior-posterior radiographs, those patients with the thinnest femur diaphyseal cortices should be referred for further osteoporosis investigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2008

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2008

We estimate the real rank of CCR C*-algebras under some assumptions. A applications we determine the real rank of the reduced group C*-algebras of non-compac connected, semi-simple and reductive Lie groups and that of the group C*-algebras of connected nilpotent Lie groups.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-105
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of pain behavior and the expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at above and below the level of hemisection of the spinal cord in a rat model. Methods: Spinal cords of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n= 16, 200~250 g, 6~8 weeks old) were hemisected at T13 on the right side to develop the spinal hemisection injury model. We compared behavioral responses of the hemisection and of a sham surgery group. Behavioral tests for motor function (by the BBB locomotor scale), and for pain response for mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed postoperatively (PO) for 21 days. Expression of mRNA for chemokines and their receptors (CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1) below and above the level of the spinal cord dissection were examined by RT-PCR. Results: We observed gradual motor improvement and the development of mechanical and cold allodynia on the ipsilateral hindpaw after spinal hemisection injury. We also found upregulation of mRNA expression of CCL2/CCR2 both above and below the level of spinal cord dissection but CX3CL1/CX3CR1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 is associated with neuropathic pain after spinal hemisection injury. CCL2/CCR2 may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain after SCI as well as of peripheral neuropathic pain. These findings may improve understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain after SCI.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-35
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SPDJTK(SoPungDoJeokTangKami) and concurrent administration of AJ(Atopy cream, Jawoongo)+SPDJTK on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by using in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse induced by BMAC-induced mice. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice were evaluated. Moreover, the cytokine level, total cell number, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue were used in NC/Nga mice. Results Orally administrated SPDJTK with concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ decreased the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, serum total IgE & IgG1, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$. Also, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD69+, CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+, CD4+CXCR5+ in ALN, absolute cell number of CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+ in DLN, granulocytes in PBMCs, activation cell number of CD3+CD69+, CCR3+, total cell number of CD3+ T cell in dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis, infiltrated inflammatory immune cell and mast cell in dermis, amount of Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue, gene expression of IL-5, IL-13 mRNA in ALN, CD4+ Th cell in dorsal skin tissue and CCR3+ eosinophils in ALN were all significantly decreased. However, total number of DLN, absolute number of CD3e+ T cell and CD19+ B cell, absolute number of CD4+, number of Th cell in DLN and gene expression of foxp3 mRNA were significantly increased significantly. Conclusions Concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.201-207
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• 2008

The bankruptcy possibility of apartment construction firms has been incresed because of the environment of current apartment construction industry. This paper analyzes the efficiency of apartment construction firms using DEA model. We evaluate the CCR, BCC efficiency and RTS of 25 apartment construction firms. We also suggest the apartment construction firms which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. The result shows that four enterprises whose values of CCR efficiency are 1, and ten enterprises whose values of BCC efficiency are 1. RTS indicates IRS of 21 firms and CRS of 4 firms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.147-157
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• 2008

ERP is the general trend of industrial information system and many companies are introducing strategically to strengthen the competitive power. This paper analyzes the efficiency of introducing companies of ERP system using DEA model. We also suggest the introducing of ERP system which can be benchmarked based on analyzed information. We evaluate the CCR, BCC efficiency and RTS of 38 introducing companies of ERP system. The result shows that three enterprises whose values of CCR efficiency are 1, and seven enterprises whose values of BCC efficiency are 1. RTS indicates IRS of 22 companies. DRS of 2 companies and CRS of 4 companies.