• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.52-61
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• 2017

Considering its significant impact on the cost and schedule of construction projects, formwork as one part of temporary facility categories in construction should be arranged precisely. Current practice in the formwork planning is often conducted manually and repetitively, causing low efficiency and time waste. This study proposes an automated framework to generate more accurate and detailed formwork plans by utilizing information from building information modeling (BIM) considering the adequate geometric and semantic information provided by the BIM model. The dimensions and quantities information of elements in a building can be extracted automatically. Then, a rule is prepared for calculating the required forms erected around elements based on the contact areas. Finally, an algorithm of integrating first fit decreasing (FFD) with coordinated bottom left (CBL) is applied to automatically generate the formwork plan. The BIM-based automated planning framework is demonstrated by an illustrative example. The results show that the proposed framework can generate the formwork plan accurately and automatically, and significantly improve the efficiency in the formwork plan and reuse.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.965-985
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• 2004

The investigation of driving mechanism for the formation of tropical night in the coastal region, defined as persistent high air temperature over than 25$^{\circ}C$ at night was carried out from August 14 through 15, 1995. Convective boundary layer (CBL) of a 1 km depth with big turbulent vertical diffusion coefficients is developed over the ground surface of the inland basin in the west of the mountain and near the top of the mountain, while a depth of thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) like CBL shrunken by relatively cool sea breeze starting at 100 km off the eastern sea is less than 150 m from the coast along the eastern slope of the mountain. The TIBL extends up to the height of 1500 m parallel to upslope wind combined with valley wind and easterly sea breeze from the sea. As sensible heat flux convergences between the surface and lower atmosphere both at the top of mountain and the inland coast are much greater than on the coastal sea, sensible heat flux should be accumulated inside both the TIBL and the CBL near the mountain top and then, accumulated sensible heat flux under the influence of sea breeze circulation combined with easterly sea breeze from sea to inland and uplifted valley wind from inland to the mountain top returning down toward the eastern coastal sea surface should be transported into the coast, resulting in high air temperatures near the coastal inland. Under nighttime cooling of ground surface after sunset, mountain wind causes the daytime existed westerly wind to be an intensified westerly downslope wind and land breeze further induces it to be strong offshore wind. No sensible heat flux divergence or very small flux divergence occurs in the coast, but the flux divergences are much greater on the top of the mountain and along its eastern slope than on the coastal inland and sea surfaces. Thus, less cooling down of the coastal surface than the mountain surface and sensible heat transfer from warm pool over the coast into the coastal surface produce nocturnal high air temperature on the coastal inland surfaces, which is not much changed from daytime ones, resulting in the persistence of tropical night (nocturnal thermal high) until the early in the morning.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.291-296
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• 2014

Inserting a $SiO_2$ layer underneath the p-pad electrode as the current blocking layer (CBL) structure and extending p-metal finger patterns, the GaN LEDs using an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer show the improved light output intensity, resulting from better current spreading and reduced light loss on the surface of p-pad metal. The LEDs with an oxide layer of $100{\mu}m$-pad-width and $6{\mu}m$-finger-width have better light output intensities than those with an oxide layer of $105{\mu}m$-pad-width and $12{\mu}m$-finger-width. Using the ATLAS device simulator from Silvaco Corporation, the current density distributions on the active layer in CBL LEDs have been investigated.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2020

Purpose: The present retrospective clinical study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic parameters, complications, and satisfaction in patients who received fixed prostheses supported by narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) in the anterior and posterior jaw. Methods: Patients aged ≥30 years who had NDI-supported fixed prostheses in the anterior or posterior region of either jaw for at least 2 years were included. Complications such as chipping of the crown; loosening or fracture of the screw, crown abutment, or implant; and loss of retention were recorded. Clinical peri-implant outcomes and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured. A questionnaire was used to record responses regarding the aesthetics and function of the fixed restorations. Analysis of variance was used to assess the significance of between-group mean comparisons. The log-rank test was performed to analyze the influence of location and prosthesis type on technical complications. Results: Seventy-one patients (mean age: 39.6 years) provided informed consent with a mean follow-up duration of 53 months. Only bleeding on probing showed a statistically significant difference between NDIs in the anterior and posterior regions. The complication rate for NDIs in the posterior region was significantly higher than that for NDIs in the anterior region (P=0.041). For NDIs, CBL was significantly higher around splinted crowns than single crowns (P=0.022). Overall mean patient satisfaction was 10.34±3.65 on a visual analogue scale. Conclusions: NDIs in the anterior and posterior jaws functioned equally well in terms of periimplant soft and hard tissue health and offered acceptable patient satisfaction and reasonable complication rates.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4279-4282
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• 2013

Background: The activation and inactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases are tightly regulated to ensure faithful replication of cells. After having transduced extracellular growth activating signals, activated EGFR is subjected to downregulation either by clathrin mediated endocytosis or c-Cbl mediated proteasome degradation depending on the ligand concentration. c-Cbl is an ubiquitin ligase which requires a phosphorylated tyrosine residue at position 1045 in the cytoplasmic domain of EGFR to interact and add ubiquitin molecules. While activating mutations in exons 19 and 21 have been associated with the development of several cancers, the status of mutations at tyrosine 1045 coding exon 27 of EGFR remain to be investigated. Consistently, defective phosphorylation at 1045 has been associated with sustained phosphorylation of EGFR in non-small lung carcinomas. Hence in the present study we investigated the genetic status of the tyrosine 1045 coding site within exon 27 of EGFR gene to explore for possible occurrence of mutations in this region, especially since no studies have addressed this issue so far. Materials and Methods: Tumor chromosomal DNA isolated from thirty five surgically excised oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues was subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flanking the tyrosine 1045 coding exon 27 of EGFR gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing to elucidate the mutation status. Results: Sequence analysis identified no mutations in the tyrosine 1045 codon of EGFR in any of the thirty five samples that were analyzed. Conclusions: The lack of identification of mutation in the tyrosine 1045 codon of EGFR suggests that mutations in this region may be relatively rare in oral squamous cell carcinomas. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to have explored the genetic status of exon 27 of EGFR in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.3 s.63
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

XML은 인터넷과 e-비즈니스를 위한 새로운 언어 구조이다. XML이 갖는 장점을 전자상거래에 이용하기 위해 다양한 XML 기반 전자상거래 프로토콜들이 생겨났고, 전자상거래의 보급 속도와 비례하여 XML의 보급률도 증가하고 있는 실정이다. XML 사용 빈도수가 증가하고 XML 기반 전자상거래 프로토콜들이 급증하고 있는 현재 추세에 따라 여러 단체나 회사들은 XML 기반 어플리케이션 표준과 전자상거래 환경 사이의 상호운용성을 위한 프레임워크 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CommerceNet의 eCo, CommerceOne의 CBL, OASIS와 UN/CEFACT의 ebXML, OTP 컨소시엄의 OTP, RosettaNet, OMS Service Ltd.의 EDML, cXML 등 XML과 관련하여 각 전자상거래 단체나 회사들이 추진중인 표준화 동향을 살펴보았다.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

In the catalogs that have presently been under research, the product information cannot be represented in a classified form but it also fails to be well defined, lacking the description of detail information for various products on a systematic fashion. And the product information is duplicated on its representation. In this study, an implementing model is to be proposed to analyze and classify the information that can be in use of describing various products, and to describe an integrated products information for various types of products while making up for the weak points of presently available researches. Also, this study shows that it is possible for the proposed model to represent various units of product information with presently proposed model applied to computers and book products in high demand of transaction, and by implementing electronic catalogues in the existing researches to prove its efficiency.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1999

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) is known to induce cytochrome p450 1A1 and to activate c-Src kinase and p21 Ras. This study examined the molecular interactions of adaptor proteins including Shc, Grb2, and Sos in rat primary hepatocytes and their relationship to the induction of CYP1A1 by TCDD. TCDD induced CYP1A1 level and EROD activity in a dose-dependent mode. Sos/Grb2 association isincreased by TCDDㅑㅜ a dose dependent mode. Tyrosine phosphorylated Shc, mainly p152, onloads to Grb2/Sos complex upon TCDD stimulation. The electrophoretic mobility shift of Sos is showed by TCDD. These results indicate that TCDD modulated the molecular interaction features of adaptor compoes proteins including Shc, Grb2, and Cnl in early signaling pathway of TCDD-mediated CYP 1A1 induction of rat primary hepatocyte.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 1990

Escherkchla coli/Cownebacterium glutamicum shuttle vectors, pECCGl and pECCG2 were constructed by joining a 3.0 kb C. glutamicum cryptic plasmid pCBl and a 3.94 kb E. coli plasmid pACYC177. Using the plasmid pECCGl, various parameters involved in electroporation system including electric field strength, resistance, DNA concentration, cell concentration and growth stage were investigated independently and optimized for the high efficiency transformation of coryneform bacteria. Transformation efficiencies of 106 transformants/$\mu\textrm{g}$ of plasmid DNA were achieved with Corynebacterium glutamicum.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.793-796
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• 2001

XML은 강력한 데이터 표현능력을 인정받아 전자상거래와 같은 데이터 처리 분야에 적극적으로 도입되고 있다. 하지만 XML을 이용하여 다른 조직이나 사용자간에 원활한 데이터 교환과 사용을 위해서는 공통적으로 사용할 수 있는 태그나 용어가 표준화되어야 한다. 현재 이와 같은 표준화 작업은 CommerceNet에서 주관하는 xCbl이 주를 이루고 있으며, RosettaNet과 BizTalk에서도 자신의 고유한 문서 표준을 채택하고 있다. 하지만 위의 표준은 B2B간의 상품이나 서비스에 대한 포괄적인 관점으로 기술되었기 때문에 상품 자체의 세부적인 정보 표현에는 부족한 점이 있다. 또한 현재 국내에서 이와 같은 표준에 대한 구축이 초기 단계에 있기 때문에 산업별, 산업간 정보 연계를 위한 표준화가 시급하다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 표준화 작업의 일환으로 XML에 기반 하여 가능한 모든 상품을 기술할 수 있는 표준 모델을 제시하고 이를 XML의 DTD로 구현하였다.