• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.401-406
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• 2001

These studies were carried out to survey the genetic contamination of six inbred mice (A, BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, CBA and KK) produced and supplied from the conventional breeding unit for improving the quality of mice as experimental animal. We examined alleles of five loci (Akp-1, Car-2, Hbb, Es-1 and Trf) by the use of biochemical markers with celluose acetate electrophoresis. As the results of test, BALB/c, A, C3H, C57BL/6, CBA and KK showed standard alleles in Akp-1, Car-2 and Hbb. But Es-1 of A and C57BL/6 and Trf of A, C3H, C57BL/6 and CBA did allelic divergence in loci. These results suggest that the colonies of A, C3H, C57BL/6 and CBA were genetically contaminated. Therefore, we recommend to eliminate the genetically contaminated mice thoroughly, to check on genetic monitoring regularly and to consider a counterpaln for improving the quality control as soon as possible.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.114-118
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• 1986

The study was conducted to find out the gene effects on litter size and birth weights in mice with 362 progenies from full-diallel crosses of four lines of BALB/c, CBA, C3H and C57BL. The progenies were farrowed at the Experimental Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, Kyungpook National University in November, 1984, and data were analyzed into general combining ability, specific combining ability and reciprocal effects with Griffing's model. General combining ability effects estimated in line-crosses were -0.4163~0.3337 for litter size and -0.0356~0.0894 for birth weights. However, no significant differences were observed in general combining ability effects on litter size and birth weights. Specific combining ability effects estimated in line-crosses were -1.0388~1.7913 for litter size and -0.1144~0.1343 for birth weights. However, the specific combining ability effects for litter size and birth weights appeared to be insignificant. The reciprocal effects, which appeared to be significant, were -2.26 from BALB/c ${\times}$ C3H, 1.84 from CBA ${\times}$ C57BL and -1.50 from BALB/c ${\times}$ CBA for litter size. For birth weights, the reciprocal effects were estimated -0.26 from CBA ${\times}$ C57BL, 0.15 from BALB/c ${\times}$ CBA and -0.15 from BALB/c ${\times}$ C57BL.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

Brazilin, the main constitutent of Caesalpinia sappan, was examined for its immunomodulating activities in normal CBA mice. Mitogen induced proliferation and production of ConA induced T-cell growth factors (TCGF) of splenocytes were significantly reduced in brazilin treated group, cmpared to control group. It was also found that suppressor activities of splenocytes in brazilin treated group was significantly increased compared to those in normal control group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2005

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

Chlorpyrifos, o,o diethyl-o-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide. The use of chlorpyrifos has been increased more and more as pesticide. But the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations has not been yet observed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chlorpyrifos on the immune alterations in CICA male mice. Chlorpyrifos was administered to mice by a single intraperitoneal injection for the purpose of observing acute effects. On the one hand to get the information on immunopathologic alterations we observed hematological values, counted total circulating leukocytes and assessed the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils from the peripheral blood, measured the ratio of organ/body weight and counted splenic cellularity in CBA male mice which treated chlorpyrifos intraperitoneally. But we could not find any significant immunopathologic alterations statistically by a single intraperitoneal injection. Also, the exposure of chlorpyrifos caused no significant change in the number of PFC/10$^6$ spleen cells at any three given doses. On the other hand a singte intraperitoneal injection of chlorpyrifos decreased the lymphocyte proliferation response slightly to ConA or LPS stimulation at a dose of 6 mg/kg b.w. Administrations of chlorpyrifos reduced mixed leukocyte response(MLR). MLR was decreased moderately at doses of 3mg/kg b.w. and 6mg/kg b.w. Therefore, all these findings suggest that chlorpyrifos may alter the immune functions acutely. especially by the changes of T lymphocyte activity.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2017

The process of spontaneous abortion involves a complex mechanism with various cytokines, growth factors, and hormones during the pregnancy. However, the mechanism underlying spontaneous abortion by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum during the pregnancy is not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and spontaneous abortion using the $CBA/j{\times}DBA/2$ mouse model. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were not increased in abortion model mice, but anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13 and IL-1ra were decreased compared to normal pregnant mice. In addition, serum levels of chemokine, such as SDF-1, G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-16, KC and MCP-1 were decreased in abortion model mice compared to normal pregnant mice. However, the expression levels of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein in the uteri of implantation sites were significantly higher in abortion model mice than normal pregnant mice. These results suggest that uterine nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression may be down-regulated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the serum of pregnant mice. Moreover, this study suggests the possibility that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expressed in the implantation sites may be associated with the maintenance of pregnancy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2002

Pregnancy block by male pheromones in mice differs in incidence depending on the combination of strains. Female mice of BALB/cA strain mated with BALB/cA males show a 100% pregnancy block when exposed to males of inbred strain DDK shortly after copulation (Chung et al., Biol Reprod 1997). In the present study, BALB/cA females mated with the males of other strains (CBA/J, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6Cr, and IXBL) showed higher pregnancy rates (66.6-87.5%) even when they were exposed to DDK males. In the pharmacological induction of pregnancy block with dopamine agonist (Bromocriptine, 4mg/kg BW), BALB/cA females mated with BALB/cA males showed a 100% pregnancy block. In contrast, BALB/cA females mated with CBA/J, C3H/HeN, and C57BL/6Cr males showed higher pregnancy rates (40-70%). These results suggest that the better pregnancy rate of BALB/cA females mated with alien males may be due to the stronger viability of F 1 embryos. This interpretation was confirmed by an embryo transfer experiment in which a higher implantation rate was observed when BALB/cA embryos grown in BALB/cA females exposed to BALB/cA males were transferred into recipient BALB/cA females exposed to DDK males. These results suggest that the embryonic genotype or viability of the embryo is one factor contributing to the occurrence of pregnancy block by male pheromones in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.389-393
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• 1991

To obtain monozygotic multiplets from 8-cell mouse embryos, we artificially constructed chimeric embryos by introducing one blastomere (donor) of 8-cell embryos of Fl hybrid (C57BL/6 X CBA) mice into 4-cell ICR mouse embryos (carrier) of which one blastomere had been previously removed with a micromanipulator. After 42 h of culture, the developmental frequency of chimeric embryos to normal morula and blastocyst was 95% (310/328). When chimeric embryos at morula or blastocvst stage were transferred to pseudopregnant mice,39%, (70/180) of them were born. Most of the offspring (56/70) were the carrier type in coat color, whereas only three of them were the donor type, of which ho were assumed to be derived from single 8-cell donor embryo. Because the two donor type mice Ivere the same sex and produced only the donor type offspring from a testcross, they are probably monozvgotic multiplets of 8-cell mouse embryos. However, since their internal chimerism was not able to be examined, it remains to be determined if their genetic constitutions are identical.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 1990

The present study was carried out to investigate the viability of frozen-thawed aggregated mouse embryos and to produce the chimeras. Different phenotypic embryos were obtained by mating ICR female mice with ICR or CBA male mice. The aggregated morulae were produced following aggregation of embryos at 4-, 8- and 12- to 16-cell stage. The desirable stage for the aggregation of the mouse embryos was 8- to 16-cell stage. The post-thawed in vitro survival rates of aggregated embryos in glycerol, DMSO and ethylene glycerol were 51.5, 78.6 and 69.4%, respectively. Although the higher survival was obtained in DMSO, there were no significant differences in the survival rates among the three cryoprotectants. A total of 155 frozen-thawed aggregated embryos were transferred to 11 recipient mice, 3 out of 7 offsprings were born to overt chimera. These experiments have proven that mouse chimeras can be obtained from frozen-thawed aggregated embryos.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 1991

Thc chimeric morulae were produced following aggregation of the half embryos which were microsurgically bisected at 8-cell and early morula stage. Different phenotypic embryos were obtained by mating ICR female mice with ICR or CBA male mice. The early morula stage was thc desirable stage for the aggregation of mouse embryos after bisection. The post-thawed survival rates of bisected-aggregated embryos that developed into normal blastocyst after conventional freezing in DMSO and ethylene glycol were 30.5 and 32.896, respectively. One offspring was produced by transferring the 67 frozen-thawed bisected-aggregated embryos.