• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.59-78
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• 2009

Objective : This study was designed to examine the effects of stem bark extracts of Cornus walteri Wanger on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidative activity and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in hyperlipidemic rat. Methods : Male rats weighing $195.21{\pm}5.85g$ fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and 40 rats(above 400 g) were divided into 4 groups. Each groups were divided into a control group and 3 experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats Basal diet and administered an extract of Cornus walteri Wanger(100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, anti-oxidative activity and gene expression. Results : 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty acid, LDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. Concentration of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol showed a significantly decrement in all Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. HDL-cholesterol showed a significantly increment in the 300 mg/kg Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group. 2. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. Concentration of triglyceride liver showed a significantly decrement in all Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. 3. Concentration of plasma and liver TBARS showed a tendence to decrease in Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. The values of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activity showed a significantly increment in the 300 mg/kg Cornus walteri Wanger ext. group than that of control group. 4. The values of plasma AST and ALT activity showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. 5. Concentration of plasma $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ showed a tendency to decrease in the Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups. However the concentration of IL-10 in the 200 and 300 mg/kg Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups showed a significantly increment than that of control group. Concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 showed no significantly difference in all treatment groups. However concentration of IL-6 in the 200 and 300 mg/kg Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups showed a significantly decrement than that of control group. 6. In the analysis of RT-PCR, gene expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E and leptin in the Cornus walteri Wanger ext. groups showed a lower expression than that of control group. 7. The ratio of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-E and leptin expression per $\beta$-actin expression in the 200 and 300 mg/kg Cornus walteri Wanger ext. showed a significantly decrement than that of control group. The ratio of Apo-B expression per $\beta$-actin expression in the 300 mg/kg Cornus walteri Wanger ext. showed a significantly decrement than that of control group. Conclusions : According to above results, in lowering lipid effect, antioxidative activity and antiinflammatory effect, the Cornus walteri Wanger ext. gives positive effect.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.211-221
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• 1999

아니사키스 유충의 숙주 조직 침입 기전을 알아보기 위하여 가장 빈번하게 인체감염을 일으키는 고래회충의 제3기 유충을 고양이에 경구감염시킨 후 경시적으로 충체를 회수하여 충체의 체표면, 배설기 및 소화기의 미세구조 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 고등어의 내장에서 분리, 수집한 고래회충의 유충을 20마리씩 고양이에 경구 감염시킨 후 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 및 3일에 회수한 충체와 고등어로부터 분리한 대조군 충체의 체표면, 소화기 및 배설기의 미세구조를 SEM및 TEM으로 관찰하였다. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서 대조군 충체는 전단에 잘 발달된 전단치아(boring tooth)를, 후단에 꼬리침(mucron)을, 체표면에는 불연속의 주름을 가지고 있었으나 감염 후 3일에 회수한 충체에서는 전단치아와 꼬리침이 관찰되지 않았고 체표면에는 규칙적인 가로주름이 관찰 되었으며 어떤 충체에서는 꼬리침 부위에서 전단까지 측면을 따라 세로홈(longitudinal groove)이 하나 관찰되었다. 대조군 충체의 배설기관 세포질내에는 무수히 많은 분비과립, 소포체, 골지체, 사립체 및 배설관 등이 분포하였고 특히, 분비과립은 직경이 $200\sim500nm$ 크기이고 비정형적적이며 다양한 전자밀도를 나타내었다. 감염 후 6시간 및 12시간에 회수한 충체는 대조군과 비슷한 소견을 나타낸 반면 감염 후 24시간에 회수한 충체에서는 직경이 $250\sim650nm$ 크기이며 구형인 분비과립과 분지된 소관들이 많이 관찰되었다. 근육성 식도의 벽은 방사상으로 배열되어 있는 잘 발달된 근섬유로 주로 구성되어 있었고 내강 부근에 $0.5\sim1.5{\mu}m$ 크기의 분비과립이 내포되어 있는 주머니가 있었으나 실험감염군 충체의 식도세포 세포질내에는 전자밀도가 높고 다양한 크기의 비정형 분비과립이 다수 분포하였다. 위(ventriculus)세포의 세포질내에는 다수의 사립체와 소포체 및 분비과립 주머니가 분포한 반면 감염 후 24시간에 회수한 충체의 위 세포 세포질내에는 전자밀도가 높은 다양한 크기의 비정형 분비과립이 다수 분포하였다. 이상의 결과로 고래회충의 제3기 유충이 고양이 위내에서 감염 후 3일에 제4기 유충으로 탈피함을 SEM으로 관찰하였고 TEM으로 관찰된 소화기 및 배설기 미세구조의 경시적 변화 소견 중 분비과립의 변화는 충체가 숙주조직을 들고 들어갈 때 중요한 역할을 하는 조직용해효소의 분비와 관계가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.111-130
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• 1993

고양이에서 납의 중독량을 결정하고 행동과 임상병리학적인 변화를 밝히고, 납 투여용량과 혈중 납농도와의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 42마리의 고양이를 대상으로 체중에 따라 0(대조군), 10, 100(저용량), 1000, 2000, 4000(고용량) ppm의 lead acetate를 경구적으로 투여하여 납독성을 평가하였다. 고투여용량(1000, 2000, 4000ppm)을 투여한 어떤 고양이는 분출성 구토, 활동항진 그리고 발작을 보였다. 모든 실험군에서 성장율은 변화가 없었다. 고양이의 정상 혈중 납농도는 사람, 개 그리고 소의 혈중 납농도 보다 낮았다. 고양이에서 준임상형 납중독의 혈중 납농도는 3~20$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$이었고, 임상형 납중독의 혈중 납농도는 20~l20$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$이었다. Zinc protoporphyrin 농도는 납 투여용량에 비례하였으며 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$ 이상으로 ZPP농도가 유의성 있게 증가하는 경우는 임상형의 납중독을 의미하였다. Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase는 모든 납 투여용량에 역비례 관계를 보였고, 고양이의 납노출에 대한 유용한 진단적 지표로 나타났다. 오줌의 aminolevulinic acid 농도는 대개 납투여용량에 따라서 증가하지만 측정치는 개체에 따라 다양하였다. 피모의 납농도는 납투여용량에 따라 비례적으로 증가하였다. 최소한 고용량에서 납은 PMN세포와 단핵구의 화학주성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 헤모글로빈, 적혈구, 백혈구, 호중구, 임파구, 단핵구 그리고 호산구에서는 투여용량에 대한 반응이 일정하게 관찰되지 않았고 또한 총단백, 혈장단백, BUN그리고 ALT치에서의 용량에 따른 일정한 변화가 없었다. 망상적혈구수는 대부분의 납투여용량수준에서 유의성 있게 증가하지 않았기 때문에 고양이 납중독의 진단적 가치는 거의 없었다. 신경전달속도의 유의성 있는 변화가 없는 것으로 보아 납섭취로 인한 대상성 탈여(Segmental demyelination)는 없는 것으로 생각된다. 고양이의 치사량은 체중 kg당 60~150mg이었다. 납중독 진단에 신뢰할 수 있는 파라미터는 혈중 납농도, ZPP. ALAD 그리고 피모의 납농도이었다.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: The present study evaluated the results of skin prick test using 55 allergens at 20 centers in the Republic of Korea in 2006, 2010, and 2014-2015. The aim was to assess changes in the positive rate of allergens according to temporal, regional, and environmental factors. Materials and Method: In total, 20 hospitals were selected based on the population distribution in the Republic of Korea. A skin prick test panel comprising 55 aeroallergens was distributed to 18 hospitals for this prospective study. The 2006 and 2010 skin prick test results were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 20 hospitals, while the 2014/2015 skin prick test results (from June 2014 to May 2015) were collected prospectively from 18 hospitals. Results: A total of 14,897 SPT test results were analyzed: 4,319 in 2006, 7,431 in 2010, and 1,852 in 2014/2015. The overall rate of skin prick test positivity to more than two allergens was significantly higher in males than females. The positive rates of alder pollens and birch, oak and ragweed pollen positivity were increased in older patients. Several positive rates were increased according to the temperature in spring. The positive rates for beech pollen, birch pollen, hazel pollen, oak pollen, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, mugwort, cat, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae were significantly increased, while those of Cult rye pollen and dandelion were significantly decreased over the three test periods. The overall positive rate for allergens in Jeju province varied significantly from Seoul and other cities. Conclusion: Change in the positive rate of multiple aeroallergens was evaluated in the Republic of Korea over time. Our findings can be used to recommend aeroallergens suitable for inclusion in skin prick test panels in the Republic of Korea and will facilitate further investigation of changes in the patterns of allergic diseases.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the effects of extracts of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidation and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and was investigated on hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Male rats weighing $182.39{\pm}4.71g$ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and 36 rats(above 400 g) were divided into 4 groups. Each of 9 rats was divided a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) extracts(100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflmmatory cytokines, anti-oxidative activity and $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E and leptin gene expression. Results: 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty(FFA) showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 2. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol showed a Significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol showed a significant increment in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group. 3. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. Concentration of liver TG showed a significant decrement in all Ojeoksangamibang groups than that of control group. 4. Concentration of plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. 5. The values of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activity showed a significant increment in all Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 6. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity showed no significant different in all treatment group. 7. Concentration of plasma $interleukin(IL)-1{beta}$ showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma IL-6 showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. Concentration of plasma tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ a siginifant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. However the concentration of plasma IL-10 in the 300 mg/kg Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant increment than that of control group. 9. In the analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), gene expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B and Apo-E in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a lower expression than that of control group. However the gene expression of leptin showed no difference in the treatment groups. 10. The ratio of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, and Apo-E per ${\beta}-actin$ expression in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant decrement than that of control group. However The ratio of leptin expression per ${\beta}-actin$ expression showed no significant difference among all the treatment groups. Conclusions: According to above results, in lowering lipid effect, anti-oxidation and control of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) gives effect.