• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2014

The uncertainty assessment is important to improve the reliability of emission inventory data. The DARS (Data Attribute Rating System) have recommended as the uncertainty assessment technic of emission inventory by U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EIIP (Emission Inventory Improvement Program). The DARS score is based on the perceived quality of the emission factor and activity data. Scores are assigned to four attributes; measurement/method, source specificity, spatial congruity and temporal congruity. The resulting emission factor and activity rate scores are combined to arrive at an overall confidence rating for the inventory. So DARS is believed to be a useful tool and may provide more information about inventories than the usual qualitative grading procedures (e.g. A through E). In this study, the uncertainty assessment for 2009 CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) emission inventory is conducted by DARS. According to the result of this uncertainty assessment, the uncertainty for fugitive dust emission data is higher than other sources, the uncertainty of emission factor for surface coating is the highest value, and the uncertainty of activity data for motor cycle is the highest value. Also it is analysed that the improvement of uncertainty for activity data is as much important as the improvement for emission factor to upgrade the reliability of CAPSS emission inventory.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.838-848
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• 2013

The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model is capable of providing high quality atmospheric chemistry profiles through the utilization of high-resolution meteorology and emissions data. However, it cannot simulate air quality accurately if input data are not appropriate and reliable. One of the most important inputs required by CMAQ is the air pollutants emissions, which determines air pollutants concentrations during the simulation. For the CMAQ simulation of Korean peninsula, we, in general, use the Korean National Emission Inventory data which are estimated by Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). However, since they are not provided by model-ready emission data, we should convert CAPSS emissions into model-ready data. The SMOKE is the emission model we used in this study to generate CMAQ-ready emissions. Because processing the emissions data is very monotonous and tedious work, we have developed CAPSS2SMOKE program to convert CAPSS emissions into SMOKE-ready data with ease and effective. CAPSS2SMOKE program consists of many codes and routines such as source classification code, $PM_{10}$ to $PM_{2.5}$ ratio code, map projection conversion routine, spatial allocation routine, and so on. To verify the CAPSS2SMOKE program, we have run SMOKE using the CAPSS 2009 emissions and found that the SMOKE results inherits CAPSS emissions quite well.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.410-419
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• 2009

Generally, air pollutant emission at workplace is estimated by two methods: indirect methods using emission factors and direct methods based on CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring System). CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) is a representative indirect method and the national air pollutant database of Korea. However, characteristics of some workplaces may create a gap between CAPSS and CEMS data. For improving of emission data accuracy, emission data of CEMS (named CleanSYS) equipped at 138 target workplaces were compared with those of CAPSS. As a result, $SO_x$ and $PM_{10}$ emission levels obtained by CAPSS were lower than those of CleanSYS. $SO_x$ and $PM_{10}$emission ratios were 61.5% and 71.2% lower respectively, showing the biggest gaps. On the other hand, $NO_x$ emission of CAPSS was higher by 10.4%. $SO_x$ showed the biggest difference in 'Energy industry combustion' and $NO_x$ did in 'Production Process' within the SCC category. $PM_{10}$ presented a large gap in 'Manufacturing industry combustion.' The differences in $SO_x$ between the two systems occurred because some large-size facilities lack pollution controllers or efficient pollution controllers. Based on this study, CAPSS emission database of Korea will improve accuracy through adopting CEMS emission system, which enables more efficient national atmospheric policies and workplace management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.456-471
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• 2015

Emission source term is one of the strong controlling factors for the air quality simulation capability, particularly over the urban area. Ulsan is an industrial area and frequently required to simulate for environmental assessment. In this study, two CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) emission data; CAPSS-2003 and CAPSS-2010 in Ulsan, were employed as an input data for WRF-CMAQ air quality model for emission assessment. The simulated results were compared with observations for the local emission dominant synoptic conditions which had negative vorticities and lower geostrophic wind speed at 850hPa weather maps. The measurements of CO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ concentrations were compared with simulations and the 'scaling factors' of emissions for CO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and $PM_{10}$ were suggested in in aggregative and quantitative manner. The results showed that CAPSS-2003 showed no critical discrepancies of CO and $NO_2$ observations with simulations, while $SO_2$ was overestimated by a factor of more than 12, while $PM_{10}$ was underestimated by a factor of more than 20 times. However, CAPSS-2010 case showed that $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ emission were much more improved than CAPSS-2003. However, $SO_2$ was still overestimated by a factor of more than 2, and $PM_{10}$ underestimated by a factor of 5, while there was no significant improvement for CO and $NO_2$ emission. The estimated factors identified in this study can be used as'scaling factors'for optimizing the emissions of air pollutants, particularly $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ for the realistic air quality simulation in Ulsan.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.190-200
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• 2023

Background: Gunsan has been constantly affected by pollutants generated by the Saemangeum development and the construction industry since the completion of the Saemangeum seawall on April 27, 2010. However, there are limitations to its study, such as taking into consideration weather conditions, geographical factors, and foreign inflows. Objectives: In this study, we compared the Existing-CAPSS emissions of Gunsan with Recalculated-CAPSS emissions data to analyze the differences in emissions characteristics by year (2016~2019). Methods: Using Existing data on CAPSS emissions (2016~2019) and Recalculated-CAPSS emissions (2016~2019) for Gunsan, which were Recalculated following the improvement of emissions calculations for 2020, we organized CO, NO_X, SO_X, PM₁₀, VOC_S, and NH₃ emissions by substance and investigated the differences and characteristics of the Recalculated emissions by year. Results: For Re-CO and Re-PM₁₀, the emission characteristics of CO were examined as energy industry combustion and PM₁₀ emission characteristics were examined as ship cargo from non-road transportation sources, as ship leisure sources were excluded from non-road transportation source emissions. Conclusions: Comparing the emissions of Existing-CAPSS and Recalculated-CAPSS in Gunsan, the emissions of Recalculated-CAPSS by substance decreased by 39.76% for CO, 9.98% for PM₁₀, 5.53% for VOC_S, and 9.24% for NH₃, while Re-NO_X increased by 2.86% and Re-SO_X increased by 1.97%. On the other hand, when comparing the emissions characteristics of Existing-CAPSS and Recalculated-CAPSS in Gunsan, Jeonju, and Iksan, the emission characteristics of Re-NO_X, Re-SO_X, Re-VOC_S and Re-NH₃ were similar to those of Ex-NO_X, Ex-SO_X, Ex-VOC_S, and Ex-NH₃. As such, Gunsan, Iksan, and Jeonju, showed differences in the comparison of different emission characteristics due to the geographical characteristics of the region (population, area, topography, weather factors) and the characteristics of the industrial complex (metal, petrochemical).

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.203-219
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• 2011

Greenhouse gas(GHG) inventories were reported recently in various fields. It, however, has been rarely to mention about the accuracy and reliability of the GHG inventory results. Some reliable assessment methods were introduced to judge the accuracy of the GHG inventory results. It is, hence, critical to develop an evaluation methodology. This project was designed 1) to develop evaluation methodology for reliability of inventory results by GHG-CAPSS, 2) to check the feasibility of the developed evaluation methodology as a result of applying this methodology to two emission sources: liquid fossil fuel and landfill, and 3) to construct the technical roadmap for future role of GHG-CAPSS. Qualitative and quantitative assessment methodologies were developed to check the reliability and accuracy of the inventory results. Qualitative assessment methodology was designed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of estimation methods of GHG emissions from emission and sink sources, activity data, emission factor, and quality management schemes of inventory results. On the other hand, quantitative assessment methodology was based on the uncertainty assessment of emission results. According to the results of applying the above evaluation methodologies to two emission sources, those seem to be working properly. However, it is necessary to develop source-specific rating systems because emission and sink sources exhibit source-specific characteristics of GHG emissions and sinks.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.278-291
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• 2011

Korea has experienced dramatic development and has become highly industrialized and urbanized during the past 40 years, which has resulted in rapid economic growth. Due to the industrialization and urbanization, however, air pollutant emission sources have increased substantially. Rapid increases in emission sources have caused Korea to suffer from serious air pollution. An air pollutant emissions inventory is one set of essential data to help policymakers understand the current status of air pollution levels, to establish air pollution control policies and to analyze the impacts of implementation of policies, as well as for air quality studies. To accurately and realistically estimate administrative district level air pollutant emissions of Korea, we developed a Korean Emissions Inventory System named the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). In CAPSS, emissions sources are classified into four levels. Emission factors for each classification category are collected from various domestic and international research reports, and the CAPSS utilizes various national, regional and local level statistical data, compiled by approximately 150 Korean organizations. In this paper, we introduced for the first time, a Korean national emissions inventory system and release Korea's official 2007 air pollutant emissions for five regulated air pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.284-299
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• 2008

Emission input modules was developed to produce emission input data and change some profiles for Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) using Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS)'s activities and previous studies. Specially, this study was focused to improve chemical speciation and temporal allocation profiles of SMOKE. At first, SCC cord mapping was done. 579 SCC cords of CAPSS were matched with EPA's one. Temporal allocation profiles were changed using CAPSS monthly activities. And Chemical speciation profiles were substituted using Kang et al. (2000) and Lee et al. (2005) studies and Kim et al. (2005) study. Simulation in Seoul Metropolitan Area (Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi) using MM5, SMOKE and CMAQ modeling system was done for effect analysis of changed input modules of SMOKE. Emission model results adjusted with new input modules were slightly changed as compared to using EPA's default modules. SMOKE outputs shows that aldehyde emissions were decreased 4.78% after changing chemical profiles, increased 0.85% after implementing new temporal profiles. Toluene emissions were decreased 18.56% by changing chemical speciation profiles, increased 0.67% by replacing temporal profiles as well. Simulated results of air quality were also slightly elevated by using new input modules. Continuous accumulation of domestic data and studies to develop input system for air quality modeling would produce more improved results of air quality prediction.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.701-716
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• 2022

This study investigated the distribution behaviors of PM2.5 and PM10 at two air quality monitoring sites, Go-eup (GO) and Backseokeup (BS), located in Yangju City, South Korea. The amounts of emissions sources of pollutants were analyzed based on the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), and the contribution rates of neighboring cities were enumerated in Yangju. Yangju has a geological basin structure, and it is a city with mixed urban and rural characteristics. The emission concentration of particulate matter was affected by geological and seasonal factors for all sites observed in this study. Therefore, these factors should be considered when establishing policies related to particulate matter. Because the official GO and BS station sites in Yangju are both situated in the southern part of the city, the representativeness of both stations was checked using correlation analysis for the measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 by considering two more sites-those of Bongyang-dong (BY) and the Gumjun (GJ) industrial complex. The data included discharge amounts for business types 4 and 5, which were not sufficiently considered in the CAPSS estimates. Because the 4 and 5 types of businesses represent over 92.6% of businesses in this city, they are workplaces in Yangju that have a significant effect on the total air pollutant emission. These types of businesses should be re-inspected as the main discharge sources in industry, and basic data accumulation should be carried out. Moreover, to manage the emission of particulate matter, attainable countermeasures for the main sources of these emissions should be prepared in a prioritized fashion; such countermeasures include prohibition of backyard burning, supervision of charcoal kilns, and management of livestock excretions and fugitive dust in construction sites and on roads. The contribution rates by neighboring cities was enumerated between 6.3% and 10.9% for PM2.5. Cooperation policies are thought to be required with neighboring cites to reduce particulate matter.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Air quality in Daegu area is lower compared to many other cities, since Daegu is a basin surrounded by mountains. Accordingly, the present study investigated the location of carbon monoxide(CO) monitoring stations for systematic CO pollution management on the basis of the CO emission distribution in Daegu area. In order to achieve this purpose, the location of CO monitoring stations, which can be used for the establishment of CO management, were assessed. Emission map in Daegu area was prepared using numerical map and Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS) data supplied by the M inistry of Environment. Average emissions were estimated by dividing emission sources into four subgroups(roadway, apartment, industry, and municipal incineration facility) according to legal division. The CO emission intensities were subdivided into 10, which a high number represents a high emission intensity, and the current monitoring stations were evaluated for the determination of their steps in CO emission intensities. As a result, additional installation of monitoring stations were suggested for the high CO emission areas rather than the low CO emission areas. A systematic CO management strategy would be established by the supplying various principle CO data when the CO monitoring stations are additionally installed at Kukwudong and other six sites on the basis of analyses of data obtained from 1999 to 2007.