• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-300
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• 2004

We investigate the two recent simulations of the proto-type domestic carbon emission trading system in Korea and draw some policy implications. The first simulation includes the 5 electric power companies based on baseline and credit. But the second one is with the 7 energy-intensive companies based on cap and trade. The voluntary approaches in this paper revealed the instability of market equilibrium, i.e., price volatility or distortion, excess supply or demand. These phenomena stems from excess incentives to the players, asymmetric information, players' irresponsible strategic behaviors, and non acquaintance of trading system. This paper suggests the basic design for domestic carbon trading system in future and a stepwise introduction strategy for it including the incentive auction scheme, the total quantity of incentive needed, and how to finance it. Meantime, the further simulations on the various sectors based on voluntary participation must be essential for learning experiences and better policy design.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83.2-83.2
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• 2013

Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (CQUEAN) is an optical CCD camera developed by the Center for the Exploration of the Origin of the Universe (CEOU). In 2010 August, CQUEAN was attached on the 2.1m Otto Struve Telescope at the McDonald Observatory in Texas, USA. As the main purpose of CQUEAN is detecting the Lyman breaks of redshift ~5 quasars, it is sensitive to near-infrared wavelengths (0.7-1.0 ${\mu}m$). For the auto-guiding system, it is using a rotating guide arm to find guide stars on the Cassegrain off-axis focus of the telescope. We plan to upgrade a new filter wheel system consists of a series of narrow band filters. We will install this independent auto-guiding units on the finder scope, which makes rooms on the Cassegrain focal plane of the main telescope. In this presentation we present the system architecture of the CQUEAN Auto-guiding Package (CAP).

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.5-23
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• 1983

On the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Construction of No. 3, 4 Line, the total length is 57 Km and it is now undergoing almost 55％ progress. The working method is classified into Open Cut of 70% and the rest of 30% tunnelling method in the 48 job site. Above tunnelling method is execute by American Steel Support System and the rest of 10 job site carried out by New Austria Tunnelling Method. This paper describes Blasting Standardizations works on the above Tunnelling ' Open Cut Method under big slogan, first safety, second execution. As a superintendent, I strived standardization of works with Better powder, Better Drills ' Better Pattern. Geological structure of Seoul area is composed by Jurassic Granite and also the above rockgroup are over burden by Alluviums as a Unconformity. First of all, I carried out the standard amount of powder and burden through experimental standard blasting by each powder as following Blasting works in the subway construction is surrounding shop Building, under pass the city river and also under pass highest building basement floor. I made allowable Blasting Vibration Value by West-Germany Vornorm DIN 4150, Teil 3 and should measure each blasting works as fellows all of powder is used basically Low-Gravity and Low Velocity such as Slurry, Ammonium Nitrate ' Finex I, II. for Smooth Blasting Instead of Gelatin Dynamite. Electric Detonation Cap is used basically M/S Delay Cup instead of Electric delay ' Simultaneous cap. I applied following formula V=KW3/4 $D^{-2}$ V=Particle Velocity (Cm/sec) K=Ginh Huh's Value W=Delay Charge (Kg) D=Distance(m) In the Open Cut, within 1m distance from H-pile I made to use the Concrete breaker, as following V=7W/$^{0.5}$V/$^{-1.75}$ On the Concentrate Building area, I advise to use Light class drill ø36m Bit and advance 1.1m per round blasting the three boom jumbo drill over ø45mm used only suburb of city.e Light class drill ø36m Bit and advance 1.1m per round blasting the three boom jumbo drill over ø45mm used only suburb of city.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-79
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• 2010

The effect of soil-structure interaction on a single-storey, two-bay space frame resting on a pile group embedded in the cohesive soil (clay) with flexible cap is examined in this paper. For this purpose, a more rational approach is resorted to using the finite element analysis with realistic assumptions. Initially, a 3-D FEA is carried out independently for the frame on the premise of fixed column bases in which members of the superstructure are discretized using the 20-node isoparametric continuum elements. Later, a model is worked out separately for the pile foundation, by using the beam elements, plate elements and spring elements to model the pile, pile cap and soil, respectively. The stiffness obtained for the foundation is used in the interaction analysis of the frame to quantify the effect of soil-structure interaction on the response of the superstructure. In the parametric study using the substructure approach (uncoupled analysis), the effects of pile spacing, pile configuration, and pile diameter of the pile group on the response of superstructure are evaluated. The responses of the superstructure considered include the displacement at top of the frame and moments in the columns. The effect of soil-structure interaction is found to be quite significant for the type of foundation considered in the study. Fair agreement is observed between the results obtained herein using the simplified models for the pile foundation and those existing in the literature based on a complete three dimensional analysis of the building frame - pile foundation - soil system.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.723-735
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• 2021

Spemann organizer is a center of dorsal mesoderm and itself retains the mesoderm character, but it has a stimulatory role for neighboring ectoderm cells in becoming neuroectoderm in gastrula embryos. Goosecoid (Gsc) overexpression in ventral region promotes secondary axis formation including neural tissues, but the role of gsc in neural specification could be indirect. We examined the neural inhibitory and stimulatory roles of gsc in the same cell and neighboring cells contexts. In the animal cap explant system, Gsc overexpression inhibited expression of neural specific genes including foxd4l1.1, zic3, ncam, and neurod. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and promoter analysis of early neural genes of foxd4l1.1 and zic3 were performed to show that the neural inhibitory mode of gsc was direct. Site-directed mutagenesis and serially deleted construct studies of foxd4l1.1 promoter revealed that Gsc directly binds within the foxd4l1.1 promoter to repress its expression. Conjugation assay of animal cap explants was also performed to demonstrate an indirect neural stimulatory role for gsc. The genes for secretory molecules, Chordin and Noggin, were up-regulated in gsc injected cells with the neural fate only achieved in gsc uninjected neighboring cells. These experiments suggested that gsc regulates neuroectoderm formation negatively when expressed in the same cell and positively in neighboring cells via soluble factors. One is a direct suppressive circuit of neural genes in gsc expressing mesoderm cells and the other is an indirect stimulatory circuit for neurogenesis in neighboring ectoderm cells via secreted BMP antagonizers.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of revision cochlear implant (CI) surgery for better speech comprehension targeting patients with low satisfaction after first CI surgery. Subjects and Methods: Eight patients who could not upgrade speech processors because of an too early CI model and who wanted to change the whole system were included. After revision CI surgery, we compared speech comprehension before and after revision CI surgery. Categoies of Auditory Performance (CAP) score, vowel and consonant confusion test, Ling 6 sounds, word and sentence identification test were done. Results: The interval between surgeries ranged from eight years to 19 years. Same manufacturer's latest product was used for revision surgery in six cases of eight cases. Full insertion of electrode was possible in most of cases (seven of eight). CAP score (p-value=0.01), vowel confusion test (p-value=0.041), one syllable word identification test (p-value=0.026), two syllable identification test (p-value=0.028), sentence identification test (p-value=0.028) had significant improvement. Consonant confusion test (p-value=0.063), Ling 6 sound test (p-value=0.066) had improvement but it is not significant. Conclusions: Although there are some limitations of our study design, we could identify the effect of revision (upgrade) CI surgery indirectly. So we concluded that if patient complain low functional gain or low satisfaction after first CI surgery, revision (device upgrade) CI surgery is meaningful even if there is no device failure.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 1996

Visual features are crucial for monitoring the growth state, indexing the drying performance, and grading the quality of oak mushrooms. A computer vision system with neural net information processing technique was utilized to quantize quality factors of a dried oak mushrooms distributed over the cap and gill sides. In this paper, visual feature extraction algorithm were integrated with the neural net processing to deal with various fuzzy patterns of mushroom shapes and to compensate the fault sensitiveness of the crisp criteria and heuristic rules derived from the image processing results. The proposed algorithm improved the segmentation of the skin features of each side, the identification of cap and gill surfaces, the identification of stipe states and removal of the stipe, etc. And the visual characteristics of dried oak mushrooms were analyzed and primary visual features essential to tile quality evaluation were extracted and quantized. In this study, black and white gray images were captured and used for the algorithm development.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of revision cochlear implant (CI) surgery for better speech comprehension targeting patients with low satisfaction after first CI surgery. Subjects and Methods: Eight patients who could not upgrade speech processors because of an too early CI model and who wanted to change the whole system were included. After revision CI surgery, we compared speech comprehension before and after revision CI surgery. Categoies of Auditory Performance (CAP) score, vowel and consonant confusion test, Ling 6 sounds, word and sentence identification test were done. Results: The interval between surgeries ranged from eight years to 19 years. Same manufacturer's latest product was used for revision surgery in six cases of eight cases. Full insertion of electrode was possible in most of cases (seven of eight). CAP score (p-value=0.01), vowel confusion test (p-value=0.041), one syllable word identification test (p-value=0.026), two syllable identification test (p-value=0.028), sentence identification test (p-value=0.028) had significant improvement. Consonant confusion test (p-value=0.063), Ling 6 sound test (p-value=0.066) had improvement but it is not significant. Conclusions: Although there are some limitations of our study design, we could identify the effect of revision (upgrade) CI surgery indirectly. So we concluded that if patient complain low functional gain or low satisfaction after first CI surgery, revision (device upgrade) CI surgery is meaningful even if there is no device failure.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.155-164
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed the dimensional system and pattern of middle-aged women's rashguard swimwear for breast cancer patients. First, a survey of 37 breast cancer patients was conducted to determine the preferred swimsuit design for breast cancer patients. According to a survey of breast cancer patients, a rashguard swimwear with a low-exposure chest was designed. It has a pocket shape in which the cap is easy to insert and the cap is fixed. Second, we developed a dimensional system for swimsuits for breast cancer patients. Using direct measurement data from Size Korea for 1,625 women aged 30 to 69, 17-sizes for breast cancer patient's swimsuits were set through cross-analysis of major dimensions, with a coverage rate of 74.3%. It also extracted a standard size of bust circ. 90cm, hip circ. 95cm, and trunk circ. 150cm. Third, we developed a pattern for the central size of the swimsuit for breast cancer patients. For this purpose, we first produced the first central size pattern, and then completed the pattern after modifying it through the second and third wearing experiments. Experimental suits were produced at each pattern-making stage to evaluate wearing fit and motion suitability. Finally, the reduction rate of each dimension item for optimal pattern production was obtained, and the lashguard swimwear pattern for breast cancer patients was developed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.183-190
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• 2002

This study was aimed at investigating the satisfaction in relation to clothing design and size-fit for nurse uniform in Korea. The subjects were 986 female nurses working in 12 hospitals selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected by questionnaires. Using SPSS package, frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and SNK test were conducted. The results were divided into 2 categories as fellows; 1) Results of the satisfaction with the size-fit and size system of the nurse uniforms : Nurses satisfied at the individual size-fit system than ready-made size system. There was a considerable difference of the satisfaction with the size-fit depending on age and clinical career. And more than half of nurses were needed the concrete and precise size system. 2) Results of the actual design condition and clothing satisfaction : Nurses wore two-piece pants suits more than classical designed one-piece style. The princess-line, convertible collar and yoke design were preferred for nurse uniform with the high satisfaction. 41.6 percent of respondents used the cap obligatory and the white color and a patterned textile were generally used. The used fabrics were only polyester and cotton/polyester mixed spinning.