• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Purpose - Many retail stores tend to use scarcity-laden message in order to influence consumers, where scarcity refers to insufficiency of product supply or time of availability. For example, inside stores, the displayed products are often accompanied by scarcity message such as 'exclusive offer, limited time only.' According to past research, scarcity has a positive effect on product evaluation, since scarcity can acts as a signal of consumer demand, and thus product quality. Prior studies argue that consumers face a scarce product, they logically infer that other consumers buying the product in large numbers cause the scarcity. We propose that scarcity can be interpreted as a sales tactic artificially created by retail stores in order to increase sales of product. Research design, data, and methodology - We use a persuasion knowledge perspective framework to develop our hypotheses. In the present research, we show that product curation type is a key variable that moderates consumer response to scarcity, and thus the scarcity effect on product evaluation. Results - In this research, we showed when scarcity-laden message was used inside the store using consumer-centric curation message, scarcity had a positive effect on product evaluation. In contrast, when scarcity-laden message was used inside the store using marketer-centric curation message, the positive of scarcity message on product evaluation was diluted. Conclusions - Our study makes two important contributions to the literature on consumer response to scarcity. First, we identify a variable - namely, product curation type - that determines when either 'scarcity = good' or 'scarcity = marketing tactic' interpretation is likely to be dominant. Second, we cite persuasion knowledge perspective to explain the moderating function of product curation type in a retail store-related scarcity context. This research is relevant to practitioners, such as brand manager, retail environment manager, and advertising agencies, for the effective use for the scarcity-laden message in retail. The proposed moderator can operate in many real-life situations in retail where consumers are exposed to scarcity. And curation message related to scarcity has been facilitated by the inner-retail activities. These factors of the marketplace indicate that the boundary conditions of scarcity can have a significant effect on real-life consumer judgment.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

문자 메시지는 휴대폰을 사용하는 사람들에게 중요한 의사소통의 방법 중 하나이다. 또한 친구맺기 방식이 필요 없이 사용이 가능하기 때문에 이를 악용한 불법 광고 스팸메시지가 기승을 부리고 있다. 최근 스팸 필터링을 위해 기계 학습을 이용한 시스템들이 등장 하였지만 많은 계산을 필요로 하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 검색할 쿼리를 입력할 때 부정확한 쿼리를 입력하더라도 저장된 데이터베이스와 비교하여 가장 비슷한 단어를 차수 개념을 적용하여 유추하는 집합 기반 POI(Point of Interest) 검색 알고리즘을 이용하여 스팸 필터링 시스템을 구현하였다. 이 알고리즘을 적용하면 서버 컴퓨팅 없이 문자의 조합만을 이용해 쿼리를 유추할 수 있기 때문에 스팸 필터링에 적용하여 입력된 문자메시지가 교묘하게 변형되더라도 스팸이라고 필터링이 가능하다. 또한 문장 유사도 측정 기법을 활용하여 스팸 필터링 성능을 향상시켰으며, 스팸 필터링에 취약한 특정 유형도 걸러내기 위해 특정 전처리 과정을 지원함으로써 대부분의 스팸메세지를 필터링 가능하도록 하였다. 기존 집합기반 POI 검색 알고리즘과 이를 확장 시킨 문장 유사도 측정 기법, 특정 전처리 과정을 추가한 시스템으로 필터링 시스템의 성능평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과 본 논문에서 구현한 시스템이 기존 집합기반 POI 알고리즘과 비교하여 향상된 스팸 필터링 성능을 보여주는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이동통신사 3사에서 필터링에 취약한 유형이 본 논문에서 구현한 시스템으로 높은 성능으로 필터링이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.21-43
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• 2001

Contract requires, on principle, a meeting of minds. The basic elements of that contact are an offer by one party and an acceptance of the terms of the offer by the other party. In the electronic commerce an offer and the acceptance of an offer may be expressed by dispach or receipt of data messages. The contract which a data messages is used in the formation may be called electronic contract. The formation of the electronic contract is regulated by the Civil Code or the Commerce Code. The time of the contract formation is regulated by the Civil Code and the Commerce Code. But the time of dispach and receipt of the data message is stated in Article 9 of the Fundamental Law on Electronic Commerce. In this article the dispatch of a data message occurs when it enters an information system outside the control of the originator or of the person who sent the date message on behalf of the originator. The time of receipt of a data message, if the adressee has designated an information system for the purpose of receiving data message, is at the time when the data message enters the designated information system; or if the data message is sent to an information system of the adressee that is not the designated information system, at the time when the data message is retrieved by the addressee; if the addressee has not designated an information system, receipt occurs when the data message enters an information system of the addressee. The time of the electronic contract formation depends on the Civil Code or the Commerce Code and this Article 9 of the Fundamental Law on Electronic Commerce. An electronic contract may be formed by an offer and the acceptance of an offer by dispach or receipt of data message. An offer can not be withdrawn after it is accepted. But in mail-order sales and installment dealing an offer can be revoked after the goods were delivered. In this case the contract is lapsed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.559-575
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• 2014

Individual investors are increasingly flocking to message boards to seek, clarify, and exchange information. Businesses like Seekingalpha.com and business magazines like Fortune are evaluating, synthesizing, and reporting the comments made on message boards or blogs. In March of 2012, Yahoo! Finance Message Boards recorded 45 million unique visitors per month followed by AOL Money and Finance (19.8 million), and Google Finance (1.6 million) [McIntyre, 2012]. Previous studies in the finance literature suggest that online communities often provide more accurate information than analyst forecasts [Bagnoli et al., 1999; Clarkson et al., 2006]. Some studies empirically show that the volume of posts in online communities have a positive relationship with market activities (e.g., trading volumes) [Antweiler and Frank, 2004; Bagnoli et al., 1999; Das and Chen, 2007; Tumarkin and Whitelaw, 2001]. The findings indicate that information in online communities does impact investors' investment decisions and trading behaviors. However, research explicating the correlation between information on online communities and stock market activities (e.g., trading volume) is still evolving. Thus, it is important to ask whether a volume of posts on online communities influences trading volumes and whether trading volumes also influence these communities. Online stock message boards offer two different types of information, which can be explained using an economic and a psychological perspective. From a purely economic perspective, one would expect that stock message boards would have a beneficial effect, since they provide timely information at a much lower cost [Bagnoli et al., 1999; Clarkson et al., 2006; Birchler and Butler, 2007]. This indicates that information in stock message boards may provide valuable information investors can use to predict stock market activities and thus may use to make better investment decisions. On the other hand, psychological studies have shown that stock message boards may not necessarily make investors more informed. The related literature argues that confirmation bias causes investors to seek other investors with the same opinions on these stock message boards [Chen and Gu, 2009; Park et al., 2013]. For example, investors may want to share their painful investment experiences with others on stock message boards and are relieved to find they are not alone. In this case, the information on these stock message boards mainly reflects past experience or past information and not valuable and predictable information for market activities. This study thus investigates the two roles of stock message boards-providing valuable information to make future investment decisions or sharing past experiences that reflect mainly investors' painful or boastful stories. If stock message boards do provide valuable information for stock investment decisions, then investors will use this information and thereby influence stock market activities (e.g., trading volume). On the contrary, if investors made investment decisions and visit stock message boards later, they will mainly share their past experiences with others. In this case, past activities in the stock market will influence the stock message boards. These arguments indicate that there is a correlation between information posted on stock message boards and stock market activities. The previous literature has examined the impact of stock sentiments or the number of posts on stock market activities (e.g., trading volume, volatility, stock prices). However, the studies related to stock sentiments found it difficult to obtain significant results. It is not easy to identify useful information among the millions of posts, many of which can be just noise. As a result, the overall sentiments of stock message boards often carry little information for future stock movements [Das and Chen, 2001; Antweiler and Frank, 2004]. This study notes that as a dependent variable, trading volume is more reliable for capturing the effect of stock message board activities. The finance literature argues that trading volume is an indicator of stock price movements [Das et al., 2005; Das and Chen, 2007]. In this regard, this study investigates the correlation between a number of posts (information on stock message boards) and trading volume (stock market activity). We collected about 100,000 messages of 40 companies at KOSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index) from Paxnet, the most popular Korean online stock message board. The messages we collected were divided into in-trading and after-trading hours to examine the correlation between the numbers of posts and trading volumes in detail. Also we collected the volume of the stock of the 40 companies. The vector regression analysis and the granger causality test, 3SLS analysis were performed on our panel data sets. We found that the number of posts on online stock message boards is positively related to prior stock trade volume. Also, we found that the impact of the number of posts on stock trading volumes is not statistically significant. Also, we empirically showed the correlation between stock trading volumes and the number of posts on stock message boards. The results of this study contribute to the IS and finance literature in that we identified online stock message board's two roles. Also, this study suggests that stock trading managers should carefully monitor information on stock message boards to understand stock market activities in advance.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

Purpose - In recent years, many companies include franchises have acquire customers by making an online stores and they are carrying out permission marketing activities with e-mail and SMS. Permission marketing requires voluntary customer approval for receiving commercial messages such as cross-selling and upselling. Therefore, it is necessary for the business to induce the customer's acceptance. The purpose of this study is to examine which type of different messages can affect higher in consumer persuasion. Thus, we investigated the impact of descriptive norm message on intention of reception in an online store context, and its interaction with chronic regulatory focus. Research design, data, and methodology - This study hypothesized that the descriptive norm message would affect positive influences to consumers' intension of reception. Specially, this study inquired into whether the interaction effect between descriptive norm and regulatory focus. To verify the hypothesis, we conducted 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design with message type (general message and descriptive norm message) and regulatory focus(promotion focus and prevention focus) as independent variables. Participants of the experiment were assigned to one of 2 kind experimental situations randomly according to characteristics of message type. A total of 131 participants (descriptive norm message: 65, general message: 66) responded for this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and two-way ANOVA. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, we found main effects of the descriptive norm message. The intention of reception were significantly higher in the descriptive norm message rather than general message as in previous researches. Second, interaction effect between the descriptive norm message and regulatory focus was significant. The prevention focus (vs. promotion focus) were hight in a positive behavior intention when the descriptive norm message was given. Conclusions - This study verifies the main effect and interaction effect of descriptive norm message and regulatory focus on the consumers' intention of reception in permission marketing, and persuasive message in the online store context. The results of this study will provide various advantages to companies that want to establish long lasting relationship with customers by carrying out permission marketing in the future.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

VMS(Variable Message Sign)는 도로의 이용자에게 하류부의 교통정보를 제공하여 운전자의 경로선택을 위한 의사결정정보와 목적지까지 이동하기위하여 소요되는 통행시간정보를 제공한다. 하지만, VMS에 표출할 수 있는 정보의 개수는 표출면수에 의한 제약이 있기 때문에 신중하게 결정되어야 한다. 지금까지 기 구축된 이벤트의 메시지 표출우선순위는 발생된 이벤트의 심각도만을 고려하여 우선순위 규칙을 적용하고 있다. 하지만 VMS를 더욱 효율적으로 운영하기 위해서는 통행수요가 많은 경로에 교통정보를 우선적으로 제공할 때 그 정보의 수혜자가 가장 많을 것이다. 그러므로 실시간으로 기종점을 파악하여 더욱 많은 운전자가 경로선택이 가능한 정보를 제공받을 수 있도록 정보제공 전략을 수립할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 주도로와 진출입 램프의 검지기 데이터를 이용하여 시간분할 기종점 추정방법론으로 통행수요를 추정하였으며, 추정된 기종점자료를 바탕으로 정보제공 우선순위를 결정할 수 있는 정보제공 전략을 소개하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

본 논문은 자바 언어로 완성된 MPI(Message Passing Interface) 스펙인 MPJ(Message Passing in Java) 스펙을 준수하여 병렬 컴퓨팅 환경에서 메시지 통신 인터페이스를 제공하는 JMPI(Java Message Passing Interface) 라이브러리를 설계하고 구현하였다. 이 라이브러리는 간단하면서도 매우 편리한 GUI(Graphical User Interface) 도구를 제공하여, 사용자가 손쉽게 병렬 컴퓨팅 환경을 구성할 수 있다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 두 가지 전형적인 분산 시스템 통신 메커니즘인 소켓과 RMI(Remote Method Invocation) 방식을 이용하여 두 가지 버전의 시스템을 구현하였고, 기존의 JPVM 시스템과의 성능을 벤치마크 애플리케이션들을 통하여 컴퓨터 대수의 증가에 따른 처리 속도를 비교해 보았다. 실험 결과로는 본 논문에서 제시한 JMPI 시스템이 JPVM시스템보다 다양한 측면에서 높은 성능을 발휘한다는 것과 컴퓨터의 가장 효율적인 처리 속도는 애플리케이션에 따라 컴퓨터의 수를 증가시킨다고 해서 일정하게 처리속도가 증가하는 것이 아니라 네트워크의 트래픽을 고려하여 컴퓨터의 수를 증가시켰을 때 얻을 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 마지막으로 컴퓨터의 수가 증가함에 따라 RMI를 사용하여 메시지를 전달하는 것이 소켓에 부속된 객체 스트림을 사용하여 메시지를 전달하는 것보다 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1051-1069
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• 2016

Combining the concept of self-certified public key and message recovery, Li-Zhang-Zhu (LZZ) gives the proxy signature scheme with message recovery using self-certified public key. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the discrete logarithm problem (DLP) and one-way hash function (OWHF). Their scheme accomplishes the tasks of public key verification, proxy signature verification, and message recovery in a logically single step. In addition, their scheme satisfies all properties of strong proxy signature and does not use secure channel in the communication between the original signer and the proxy signer. In this paper, it is shown that in their signature scheme a malicious signer can cheat the system authority (SA), by obtaining a proxy signature key without the permission of the original signer. At the same time malicious original signer can also cheat the SA, he can also obtain a proxy signature key without the permission of the proxy signer. An improved signature scheme is being proposed, which involves the remedial measures to get rid of security flaws of the LZZ et al.'s. The security and performance analysis shows that the proposed signature scheme is maintaining higher level of security, with little bit of computational complexity.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2007

유저에게 다양한 게임 플레이 경험을 제공하기 위해 게임 엔진은 다양한 게임 내 개체 간 상호 작용을 다룰 수 있는 엔진 구조를 가져야 한다. 이를 위해 메시지 기반 게임 엔진 구조가 사용 된다. 그러나 메시지 기반 게임 엔진 구조만으로는 게임 세계를 특정한 스토리라인 기반으로 변화시켜 나가기 어렵다. 이는 메시지 기반 시스템과 같은 event-driven system 자체가 하나하나의 메시지 처리에는 적합하지만 이보다 상위의 보다 큰 논리적인 작업 단위를 처리하기에 적합한 구조는 아니기 때문이다. 이를 위해 storyline 개체를 만들 지속적으로 storyline의 스토리 진행 함수를 호출함으로써 메시지 기반 시스템의 자유로움은 유지하면서 게임 세계에 특정 storyline의 진행을 추가할 수 있는 게임 엔진 구조를 제안한다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2002

In this paper, the response characteristics of CAN-based feedback control system are analyzed when message time delays through the network are considered. The message time delays are composed of computation time delay and communication time delay. The application layer of CAN communication is modeled mathematically to analyze two time delays, and the communication time delay is redefined under several assumption conditions. The CAN-based feedback control system is proposed as a target system that is the machining system with the three axes. The response characteristics of time delays in the proposed system are analyzed through computer simulations, and can be improved by the compensation using the PID tuning method to satisfy the design specifications of the system.