• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2004

Several microorganisms (esterase-producing group) were isolated by the solid selective media containing-naphtylacetate. Among them, strain 366M-9 having a high activity of cephalosporin-C deacetylase (CAH; EC 3.1.1.41) was selected. The strain 366M-9 was identified as Bacillus sphaericus on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The production of CAH reached at maximum value after 32 hrs, when cultivated in the optimal medium containing dextrin 2.5%, peptone 2.5%, sodium chloride 0.5%, dipotassium phosphate 0.25%, ferrous sulfate 0.02%, and 7-ACA 0.1% at $30^{\circ}C$ with initial pH 6.0. The CAH was purified by 3 steps with ammonium sulfate precipitation, adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite column, and Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by the analysis of SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Optimum temperature and pH for CAH activity were $50{\circ}C$ and around 7.0, respectively. And the enzyme was stable at pH 6.0～8.0, up to $50^{\circ}C$. The Michaelis-Menten constants ($K_{m}$ ), $V_{max}$ were 0.87 mM and 1.22 unit/ml, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Cheongahwan(CAH), being known to reinforce Kidney-yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the kidney tissues. Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats. CAH caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. But catalase activity was not significantly altered by CAH. Treatment in vitro of CAH decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that CAH stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of CAH may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1028-1033
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• 2008

Sequential quick crushing and alkali hydrolysis(SeCAH), as a pretreatment for foodwaste, incorporating mechanical crushing and alkali hydrolysis was proposed and investigated in this study. Focuses were placed on the improvement of biodegradability of foodwaste and the estimation of potential inhibitors for anaerobic digestion. The solubility of the pretreated foodwaste by SeCAH was increased 2.5 times rather than mechanical crushing. Considering solubility improvement and energy consumption, 2,000 rpm of crushing strength and 5$\sim$10 sec of crushing time are recommended. After SeCAH, the fraction of large organic particles(>2.36 mm) of foodwaste was sharply decreased from 88.0% to 29.0%, otherwise the fraction of small particles(<75 $\mu$m) was greatly increased from 10.5% to 40.7%. Ammouinum, potassium and sulfate were estimated as potential inhibitors for anaerobic digestion and their concentrations in pig slurry were 3331.3 mg/L, 4256.5 mg/L and 1017.5 mg/L, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.712-722
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• 2007

This study screened three natural ores (iron, mangenase, and zinc), two types of slags, and two elemental metals (elemental iron and zinc) to evaluate transformation characteristics of CAH mixtures [e.g. Carbontetrachloride (CT), 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and Perchloroethene (PCE)]. To select an effective metal medium to treat the CAH mixtures, we measured transformation capacities (CAH mass ultimately transformed/mass of metal added) and the degree of dechlorination. We also considered economical efficiency of the metal media by comparing the value, CAH mass ultimately transformed divided by the price of metal medium added. A simplified mathematical model adapting CAH transformation capacity, first-order transformation kinetics, and available mass of metal transforming CAH was developed and used for estimating CAH transformation rate coefficient and longevity of the metal medium. CAH transformation capacity for elemental iron and elemental zinc were 4258~7129 and $4215{\sim}6330{\mu}g\;CAH\;transformed/g$ metal added, respectively, which are a factor of 80~200 higher than slags and natural ores. They also showed a factor of 1.1 to 2.2 greater degree of dechlorination than the others. Among natural ores and slags, Zinc ore showed the highest transformation capacity, $47{\sim}53{\mu}g\;CAH\;transformed/g$ metal added. Although zinc ore have smaller transformation capacity than elemental metals, economical efficiency of zinc ore is a factor of 10~20 greater than elemental metals tested. Consequently, zinc ore would be more economical medium than the others tested in this study. We estimated the pseudo first-order transformation rate of zinc ore was in the order of CT > 1,1,1-TCA > PCE.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.319-322
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• 2020

Adrenal rest tumors are a rare extra-adrenal complication of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in women although they are more commonly found in the testes of male patients with CAH. An ovarian adrenal rest tumor (OART) may coexist with CAH or imitate its symptoms without CAH. In this case report, we present the case of a woman with OART without CAH, whose main complaint was infertility and who had a baby after successful surgical treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.55-63
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• 2002

Objectives: Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^{-}$), formed from the reaction of superoxide <${\cdot}O_2^{-}$) and nitric oxide (NO), is a cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA. It has been implicated in diseases such as aging process, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and arteriosclerosis. Due to the lack of endogenous enzymes responsible for $ONOO^{-}$ inactivation, developing a specific $ONOO^{-}$ scavenger is of considerable importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate $ONOO^{-}$ scavenging activity and its mechanism in Cheonga-hwan (CAH). Methods: The $ONOO^{-}$ scavenging activity in CAH was assayed by measuring oxidized dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) by fluorescence. The scavenging efficacy was expressed as $IC_{50}$, showing the concentration of each sample required to cause 50% inhibition of DHR 123 oxidation. In a separate study, the protective effect of CAR on $ONOO^{-}$-induced nitration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using immunoassay with a monoclonal anti-nitrotyrosine antibody, and a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody from sheep. Results: CAH showed potent scavenging activities of $ONOO^{-}$, NO and ${\cdot}O_2^{-}$. The data demonstrated that CAH led to decreased $ONOO^{-}$-mediated nitration of tyrosine through electron donation. CAH showed significant inhibition on nitration of bovine serum albumin by $ONOO^{-}$ in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: CAH can be developed as an effective peroxynitrite scavenger for the prevention of the $ONOO^{-}$ involved diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2000

Cephalosporin-C deacetylase (CAH) catalyzes the deacetylation of cephalosporin derivatives. A novel gene encoding the CAH from Bacillus sp. KCCM10143 was cloned and sepuenced. The uncleotide sequence contained an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide consisting of 217 amino acids and a molecular weight of 24 kDa which was in good agreement with the value obtained by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An expression plasmid was constructed by inserting the CAH gene into the region of the pTrc99A expression vector. An active from of the CAH protein was expressed in the soluble fraction obtained after cell disruption. in fermentation using a 5-1 jar fementer, the transformant E. coli JM109 (pDST654) produced 4.12 U of CAH per ml of culture during 16 h of incubation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.723-730
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a combined method for remediating a Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (CAHs) mixtures-contaminated aquifer. The process is consist of two processes. A chemical process (1st) using natural zinc ores for reducing higher concentrations of CAH mixtures to the level at which biological process is feasible; and A biological process (2nd) using aerobic cometabolism for treating lower concentration of CAH mixtures (less than 1 mg/L). Natural zinc ore showed relatively high transformation capacity, average dehalogenation percentage, and the best economic efficiency in previously our study. To evaluate the feasibility of the process, we operated two columns in series (that is, chemical and biological columns). In the first column filled with natural zinc ore and sand, CAH mixtures were effectively transformed with more than 95% efficiency, the efficiency depends on the Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) and the mass of zinc ore packed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to make sure whether natural zinc ore played an key role in the dechlorination of the CAH mixtures. The characteristics of zinc metal surface changed after exposure to CAHs due to oxidation of $Zn^0$ to $Zn^{2+}$. In the biological column injecting propane, DO and effluent of the chemical column, only 1,1,1-TCA was cometabolically transformed. Consequently, the combined process would be effective to remediate an aquifer contaminated with high concentrations of CAH mixtures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most prevalent form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), accounting for approximately 95% of cases. With the advent of newborn screening and hormone replacement therapy, most children with CAH survive into adulthood. Adolescents and adults with CAH experience a number of complications, including short stature, obesity, infertility, tumor, osteoporosis, and reduced quality of life. Transition from pediatric to adult care and management of long-term complications are challenging for both patients and health-care providers. Psychosocial issues frequently affect adherence to glucocorticoid treatment. Therefore, the safe transition of adolescents to adult care requires regular follow-up of patients by a multidisciplinary team including pediatric and adult endocrinologists. The major goals for management of adults with 21-hydroxylase deficiency are to minimize the long-term complications of glucocorticoid therapy, reduce hyperandrogenism, prevent adrenal or testicular adrenal rest tumors, maintain fertility, and improve quality of life. Optimized medical or surgical treatment strategies should be developed through coordinated care, both during transition periods and throughout patients' lifetimes. This review will summarize current knowledge on the management of adults with CAH, and suggested appropriate approaches to the transition from pediatric to adult care.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.400-403
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• 2003

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH) is a recognized cause of precocious pseudopuberty. Some children with CAH also develop true precocious puberty with early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We review a case of CAH who eventually developed central precocious puberty nine months after initial treatment with corticosteroid. A 3-year-old boy visited complaining of rapid growth, a large penis and frequent penile erections. This patient was diagnosed with CAH with elevated 17-OH progesterone and cortical hypertrophy of adrenal gland on CT scan. His gonadotropin levels were within the normal prepubertal range. Even on treatment with corticosteroid he grew rapidly and had testicular enlargement, pubic hair development and rapid bone maturation. At second admission, his gonadotropin levels were elevated both basally and in response to LHRH stimulation, suggesting that the CAH led to early activation of pubertal gonadotropin secretion(true precocious puberty). He was treated with monthly depot injections of a LHRH analog in addition to the hydrocortisone. His second sexual characteristics regressed gradually and rate of linear growth and bone maturation decreased.