• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.775-783
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• 2007

To elucidate the efficacy of different soy protein sources on piglet's performance, a total of 280 weaned piglets ($Duroc{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$, $23{\pm}3$ d of age, $5.86{\pm}0.45$ kg initial BW) were allotted to 5 treatment diets comprising soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), Hamlet protein (HP300), fungal (Aspergillus oryzae) fermented soy protein (FSP-A), and fungal plus bacterial (A. oryzae+Bacillus subtilis) fermented soy protein (FSP-B), respectively. Experimental diets for feeding trial were formulated to contain each soy protein sources at 8% level to corn-whey powder basal diet. There were 14 pigs per pen and 4 pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed from 0 to 14 d after weaning and then a common commercial diet was fed from 15 to 35 d. Also for ileal digestibility studies, 18 pigs were assigned to 6 dietary treatments as N-free, SBM, SPC, HP300, FSP-A and FSP-B with T-canulation at distal ileum for 6 days. At $14^{th}$ d of experimental feeding, the ADG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in SPC fed diet as compared with others. Similar trend was noticed during the 15-35 d and overall study (0-35 d). All the processed soy protein sources tested in this experiment improved (p<0.05) growth than SBM during overall study. The nutrient digestibility of GE, DM, CP and Ca showed lower (p<0.05) values in SBM and FSP-A fed groups than SPC and FSP-B treatments. The apparent ileal digestibility of TEAA, non-TEAA and TAA showed lower (p<0.05) in SBM treatments compared with other soy protein sources. The true ileal digestibility of TEAA, non-TEAA and TAA were lower (p<0.05) in SBM fed group than SPC and HP300 treatments, and lower than FSP treatments though they didn't achieve significant difference (p>0.05). Villous height and crypt depth was not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, the growth and digestibility of nutrients in weaned pigs fed SPC was superior to others. Also FSP-A and FSP-B showed improved performance than those fed SBM.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2019

이 연구는 12세기에 건립된 라오스 홍낭시다 사원에서 출토된 크메르문명 갈유도기와 기와의 물리적 특성, 광물학적 및 지구화학적 분석을 통해 원료물질을 조사하고 제작기술을 해석하고자 하였다. 3점의 갈유도기 유약은 광물이 모두 용융되어 유리질화된 상태이며, 용융제 산화칼슘 함량이 15 % 이상인 전형적인 라임계열이다. 태토의 주구성광물은 석영과 멀라이트, 크리스토발라이트로 동정된다. 기질은 치밀하나 기질의 재결정화가 일어나지 않아 크리스토발라이트가 상전이로 기인한 것이 아닌 화산암 생성토를 원료로 도기를 제작한 영향으로 판단된다. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서 멀라이트가 관찰되어 950 ℃ 이상에서 소성되었을 것으로 판단된다. 한편 6점의 무시유 기와는 외면색상이 적갈색, 회백색, 청회색으로 구분된다. 속심 색상은 외면과 색 계열이 유사하나 청회색 기와는 속심이 적갈색인 샌드위치 구조로 완벽한 환원환경을 경험하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 무정형 철산화물 노듈이 다수 관찰되고 화학조성이 상당히 유사하여 동일 기반암에서 생성된 원료로 제작되었을 것으로 추정된다. 소성온도는 운모류, 헤르시나이트, 멀라이트 동정에 따라 900 ℃ 이하, 900~950 ℃, 950 ℃ 이상의 세 유형으로 분류된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

분무경시스템에서 분무간격과 분무시간은 식물의 생육어l 필요한 양분과 수분을 공급하기 위한 중요한 요소들이다. 이 실험은 분무경에서 분무간격이 팔레놉시스 유묘의 생육에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 수행되었다. 배지 없이 뿌리가 나출된 생체중 16g 크기의 유묘를 사용하였다. 분무간격은 각각 10, 20, 30, 40, 50분 간격이었으며, 분무시간은 10분이었다. 총생체중, 총건물중, 분지된 뿌리수와 상대생장률은 20분과 30분 간격에서 10분, 40분, 50분 간격보다 높았다. 특히, 뿌리의 생체중은 30분 간격에서 기장 높았다. 엽장은 30분 간격에서 길었으나, 엽폭은 처리간 차이가 없었다. 10분 간격 처리에서 유묘 한 개체가 30일간 소비한 물량은 0.71L였으며, 분무간격이 증가함에 따라 그 양은 감소하였다. 15일간 소비된 양분은 칼륨이외에는 처리간 차이가 없었으며, 칼륨은 30분 간격에서 가장 많이 흡수되었다. 결과를 요약하면, 분무경 시스템에서 팔레놉시스 유묘 생산을 위한 적정 분무간격은 30분이었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

This study was carried out to make a search for the usefulness of marigold plants (Tagetes erecta) as a natural dye. And we have also examined into the dyeability and antifungal activity of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and 1% liquid colorant. Almost surface colors of silk and cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant except for that treated Cu and Fe with mordants were shown by Y-level. $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 66.2 to 86.39, those $a^*$ values were -1.97 to 6.09, and those $b^*$ values were 13.69 to 35.97. And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 2% powdered colorant were 78.97 to 89.62, those a values were -3.39 to 0.38, and those $b^*$ values were 5.63 to 15.61 $L^*$ values of silk fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 34.37 to 85.57, those a values were -7.79 to 12.33, and those $b^*$ values were 15.13 to 82.91, And $L^*$ values of cotton fabrics dyed with 1% liquid colorant were 44.12 to 87.90, those $a^*$ values were -8.37 to 6.18, and those $b^*$ values were 11.65 to 78.87. Colorfastness of silk fabrics against light treated nothing with mordants and that dyed with 1% liquid colorant decreased for a little by second grade, however, that against washing, rubbing, perspiration and dry cleaning were increased over fourth grade. Colorfastness of cotton fabrics in terms of rubbing, light, and dry cleaning, except for washing and perspiration, were shown by over third grade, when that was treated nothing with mordants. Antifungal activities of silk fabrics treated nothing with mordants and dyed with 1% liquid colorant of marigold extracts were shown by 28.9% against Staphylococcus aureus. However, those of Al, Ca, Cu and tartaric acid mordanting were more than 25.5% against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.210-215
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• 1999

본 연구는 서양조리에서 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 brown sauce의 주재료인 brown stock을 만들 때 돼지뼈의 이용가능성을 알아보기 위한 것으로서 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 비교분석하였다. 유리아미노산중 aspartic acid의 함량은 돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 0.42mg% 로 돼지뼈와 소뼈로 만든 brown stock의 0.37mg%와 소뼈로 만든 brown stock의 0.18 mg% 보다 높았다. 그리고 glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, proline의 함량은 돼지뼈와 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 소뼈로 만든 것보다 많았는데, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이를 보였다. 세 종류 brown stock의 무기질 함량을 분석한 결과 K>Na>P의 순이 었고, 돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock의 Na, Ca, Fe, Mg 함량은 다른 시료 보다 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이를 보이며. 많은 것으로 나타났다. 젤라틴 함량은 돼지뼈를 1:1로 함께 이용한 시료가 152.40$\pm$13.80mg%, 소뼈로 만든 시료가 136.90$\pm$8.90mg%로 돼지뼈만으로 만든 brown stock 보다 함량이 적었는데, 유의수준 p<0.05에서 차이를 보였다. 환원당 함량도 시료간에 차이가 있었으며, 돼지뼈로 만든 시료가 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 소뼈+돼지뼈, 소뼈로 만든 시료의 순이었다. 탁도는 시료간에 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았으나, 소뼈로 만든 것이 가장 투명하였고, 돼지뼈로 만든 것이 가장 불투명하였다. 점도는 소뼈로 만든 것이 2.20$\pm$0.11 mPas로 가장 낮았으며, 돼지뼈로 만든 것이 2.65$\pm$0.15mPas로 가장 높았다. Hunter's color value에서 “L”값은 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 것이 21.80으로 세 종류 brown stock 중 가장 높았고 돼지뼈로 만든 것이 8.59로 가장 낮았다. “a”값은 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 2.51로서 다른 두 종류의 brown stock보다 높았고 돼지뼈로 만든 것은 0.09로 낮았으나 “b”값은 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 brown stock이 8.35로서 “L”,“a”값과 유사하게 세 종류의 brown stock 중 가장 높았다. 뼈의 종류를 달리한 brown stock의 관능평가 결과 냄새는 소뼈로 만든 brown stock이 돼지뼈, 소뼈+돼지뼈로 만든 것 보다 높은 점수를 받았으며, 유의수준 p<0.001에서 차이를 보였다. 점도는 소뼈＞소뼈+돼지뼈>돼지뼈의 순으로 기호도가 높았으며, 입안에서의 느낌과 전체적인 맛 역시 소뼈로 만든 brown stock이 유의수준 p<0.001에서 차이를 보이며, 조금 높게 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 1986

1986년 1월 16일에 강원도 명주군 강동면 정동진리 앞 1 kim 연해에서 삼중자망으로 잡은 미거지 친어(전장: 60cm, 전장: 70m)를 채포 즉시 선상에서 건도법으로 인공수정시켜 실험실로 운반하여 난발생과정과 부화자어에 대해 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 성숙란은 많은 유구를 지니며, 난황이 담황색 또는 담자색인 구형의 침성점착난으로 난경은 $1.55{\sim}1.65mm$(평균, 1.59mm, n=28)이다. 실내사육수온 $7.09{\sim}10.99^{\circ}C$(평균, $8.79^{\circ}C$), 염분농도 $30.62{\sim}33.98\%0$(평균, $32.32\%0$)에서 수정후 747시간만에 부화하였다. 부화직후의 자어는 전장 $4.40{\sim}4.85mm$로서 근절수 $12{\sim}13+40=52{\sim}53$이며, 아래턱, 난황등쪽, 배쪽 그리고 가슴지느러미위에 수지상의 흑색소포가 발달하며, 꼬리부분의 배쪽 막지느러미와의 경계상에 일열로 병행하여 흑색소포가 나타나 있다. 부화후 3일째의 자어는 전장 $5.15{\sim}5.25mm$이고, 배쪽 막지느러미위에 갈색소포가 줄지어 나타나며, 이포뒤에 몇개의 흑색소포가 나타난다. 부화후 7일째의 자어는 전장 $5.75{\sim}5.85mm$로서 난황이 상당히 흡수되고 두부가 커지며, 소화관이 발달한다.

• 한국토양동물학회지
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

그 동안 한국산 길앞잡이 종류를 분류하고 동정한 결과 총 1속 10아속 18종을 보고하며, 이중에서 Cicindela (Cylindera) obliquefasciata Adams, 1817(화홍깔다구길앞잡이: 신칭)과 Cicindela(Cephalota) chiloleuca Fisher, 1820(무녀길앞잡이: 신칭)은 한반도에서 처음으로 기록하며,그 목록은 다음과 같다. Heyden(1887)이 보고한 좀길앞잡이(C. japana Motschulsky)의 분포는 의심스럽다. 1. Cicindela(Abrosceiis) anchoralis Chevrolat, 1845 닻무늬길앞잡이 2. C.(Callytron) inspecularis Horn, 1904 흰테길앞잡이 3. C.(Callytron) nivicincta Chevrolat, 1866 바다흰테길앞잡이(신칭) 4. C.(Callytron) yuasai yuasai Nakane, 1955 백제흰테길앞잡이 5. C.(Calomera) brevipilosa Horn, 1908 개야길앞잡이 6. C.(Cephalota) chiloleuca Fisher, 1820 무녀길앞잡이(신칭) 7 C.(Chaerodera) laetescripta Motschulsky, 1860 강변길앞잡이 8. C.(Cicindela) coerulea nitida Lichtenstein, 1797 주홍길앞잡이(=극동길앞잡이) [=Cicindela(Cicindela) coerulea shantungensis Mandl: 한국곤충명집(1994)] 9. C.(Cicindela) gemmata Falderman, 1835 아이누길앞잡이 10. C.(Cicindela) japana Motschulsky, 1857 좀길앞잡이 11. C.(Cicindela) lewisii Bates, 1873 큰무늬길앞잡이 [=Cicindela(Cicindela) lewisi[sic] Bates: 한국곤충명집(1994)] 12. C.(Cicindela) sachalinensis Morawitz, 1862 산길앞잡이 13. C.(Cicindela) transbaicalica Motschulsky, 1845 참길앞잡이(=참뜰길앞잡이, 들길앞잡이, 왜길앞잡이) 14. C.(Cicindela) gracilis Pallas, 1777 깔다구길앞잡이 15. C.(Cicindela) obliquefasciata Adams, 1817 화홍깔다구길앞잡이(신칭) 16. C.(Eugrapha) elisae Motschulsky, 1859 꼬마길앞잡이 17 C.(Myriochila) speculifera Chevrolat, 1845 쇠길앞잡이 [=Cicindela(Myriochile) specularis Chaudoir: 한국곤충명집(1994)] 18. C.(Sophiodela) chinensis De Geer, 1774 길앞잡이

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 1981

1979년 수원 작물시험장 포장에서 도열병에 심하게 이병된 ‘노풍’ 품종의 이병엽(짚)을 수거하여 도열병에 대한 품종 저항성을 유묘 검정하는데 접종원으로 사용하였다. 접종시외 온도 및 Water Stress 의 환경조건을 달리해 줌으로써, 공시품종의 도열병에 대한 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 이병엽(짚)을 접종원으로 사용하여 도열병에 대한 품종저항성을 검정하는 방법은 비교적 많은 품종 및 계통들을 일시에 조사할 경우 편리하게 이용될 수 있었다. 2. 고온조건(25^\circ C \sim 35^\circ C)에서보다 저온조건(15^\circ C \sim 28^\circ C)에서 공시품종들의 도열병 발병이 비교적 더 많았다. 그러나 온도에 따른 도열병 반응의 차이는 품종에 따라서 매우 상이하였다. Indica-Japonica hybrid 품종들은 대개 고온에서 발병이 더 급격하고 많았지만, Japonica 품종들은 대개 저온에서 발병이 많은 편이었다. 3. Water stress를 받지 않은 환경조건에서보다 일시적인 Water stress를 받은 환경수건에서, 공시품종들의 도열병 발병이 더 많았다. 품종의 Water stress에 따른 도열병 반응의 차이는 온도에 따른 품종간의 차이(품종과 온도의 interaction)에 비해서 적은 편이었다. 4. 저항성 품종들(Tetep, Zenith, Toride 1, 수원 288호 등)의 도열병에 대한 반응은 환경조건의 영향을 거의 받지 많았지만 중도저항성 품종들(신002, Kanto 51, 흑조, 아끼바레 등)은 환경조건의 영향을 많이 받았다. 이병성 품종들은 어떤 환경조건에서도 발병이 많았다. 5. 접종원으로 사용된 이병엽의 병원성은 Pi-\alpha 품종(‘애지욱’, ‘Ca1oro’) 및 Pi-$textsc{k}$ 품종(‘Kanto 51’), 통일계 신품종에 강한 병원성을 나타내었으나, ‘신002’, ‘Fukunishiki’, ‘진흥’ 등의 품종에 중도저항성 반응을 보였고, ‘농백’에는 병원성이 없었다. 국제판별 품종이나 일본신판별 품종으로써는 정확한 race 유별이 불가능했다. 각 환경수건에 따라 판별품종의 반응이 약관씩 다르게 나타났지만 대체로 blast nursery 성적과는 반응이 비슷하였다. 6. 정도 저항성 및 이병성으로 나타난 ‘Kanto 51’, ‘Yashiromochi’, ‘Ishikari-shiroke’ 등의 품종들에서는 접확후 병반형 및 병반수의 변이가 매우 심하였다. 급성형(이병성, PG형) 병반을 많이 형성하는 품종들(‘애지욱’, ‘Caloro’, ‘Norin 6’ 등)은 고도의 이병성이었고 저항성 품종들은 대개 병반이 없거나 저항성 병반(hypersensitivity 반응, b 혹은 bg 형)을 나타내었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

Objectives : The processing of Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma is a crucial step to reduce the severe acrid irritation mainly due to the needle-like crystals (raphides). Ginger, alum and bile juice have been used as adjuvant materials for the processing. Methods : Bibliographic research on ancient processing and experimental processing was performed to investigate the toxicity reduction mechanisms of the processing with ginger, alum and bile juice. Results : Ginger has been a major adjuvant for the processing of Pinelliae Tuber, followed by alum and bile juice since Song (宋) and Myeong (明) dynasties, and Arisaematis Rhizoma has been mainly used as Damnamseong (膽南星). The raphides consisting of calcium oxalate, lectin, agglutinin and polysaccharides can induce acrid irritation and the inflammatory reactions. The lipophilic components in the ginger denatured the structure of raphides and 6-gingerol-contained ginger extract attenuated the inflammatory reaction. The calcium ion (Ca²⁺) of calcium oxalate was substituted to the aluminium ion (Al³⁺) of the alum, which damaged the calcium oxalate structure. Lectin attached to the surface of raphides was dissolved in alum solution and consequently its structure was denatured. The cholate in the bile juice formed the complex with the oxalate anion or the calcium cation. Moreover, the enzymes activated by Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium during the fermentation promoted the fragmentation of oxalate. Conclusion : The adjuvant materials damaged the raphides by denaturing or degrading the calcium oxalate, resulting in the reduction of acrid irritation. Further experimental studies would support the toxicity reduction mechanism of the processing.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-37
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• 1975

I. Subject of the study A study on the nutritive value and utilization of powdered seaweeds. II. Purpose and Importance of the study A. In Korea the shortage of food will be inevitable by the rapidly growing population. It will be very important study to develop a new food from the seaweeds which were not used hitherto for human consumption. B. The several kinds of seaweeds have been used by man in Korea mainly as side-dishes. However, a properly powdered seaweed will enable itself to be a good supplement or mixture to certain cereal flours. C. By adding the powdered seaweed to any cereals which have long been staple foods in this country the two fold benefits; saving of cereals and change of dietary pattern, will be secured. III. Objects and scope of the study A. Objects of the study The objects will come under four items. 1. To develop a powdered seaweed as a new food from the seaweeds which have been not used for human consumption. 2. To evaluate the nutritional quality of the products the analysis for chemical composition and animal feeding experiment will be conducted. 3. Experimental cocking and accepability test will be conducted for the powdered products to evaluate the value as food stuff. 4. Sanitary test and also economical analysis will be conducted for the powdered products. B. Scope of the study 1. Production of seaweed powders Sargassum fulvellum growing in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast were used as the material for the powders. These algae, which have been not used for human consumption, were pulverized through the processes of washing, drying, pulverization, etc. 2. Nutritional experiments a. Chemical composition Proximate components (water, protein, fat, cellulose, sugar, ash, salt), minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine), vitamins (A, $B_1,\;B_2$ niacin, C) and amino acids were analyzed for the seaweed powders. b. Animal feeding experiment Weaning 160 rats (80 male and 80 female rats) were used as experimental animals, dividing them into 16 groups, 10 rats each group. Each group was fed for 12 weeks on cereal diet (Wheat flour, rice powder, barley powder, potato powder, corn flour) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. After the feeding the growth, feed efficiency ratio, protain efficiency ratio and ,organs weights were checked and urine analysis, feces analysis and serum analysis were also conducted. 3. Experimental cooking and acceptability test a. Several basic studies were conducted to find the characteristics of the seaweed powder. b. 17 kinds of Korean dishes and 9 kinds of foreign dishes were prepared with cereal flours (wheat, rice, barley, potato, corn) with the supplementary levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the seaweed powder. c. Acceptability test for the dishes was conducted according to plank's Form. 4. Sanitary test The heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) in the seaweed powders were determined. 5. Economical analysis The retail price of the seaweed powder was compared with those of other cereals in the market. And also economical analysis was made from the nutritional point of view, calculating the body weight gained in grams per unit price of each feeding diet. IV. Results of the study and the suggestion for application A. Chemical composition 1. There is no any big difference in proximate components between powders of Sargassum fulvellum in eastern coast and Sargassum patens C.A. in southern coast. Seasonal difference is also not significant. Higher levels of protein, cellulose, ash and salt were found in the powders compared with common cereal foods. 2. The levels of calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in the powders were significantly higher than common cereal foods and also rich in iodine (I). Existence of vitamin A and vitamin C in the Powders is different point from cereal foods. Vitamin $B_1\;and\;B_2$ are also relatively rich in the powders.'Vitamin A in ·Sargassum fulvellum is high and the levels of some minerals and vitamins are seemed4 to be some influenced by seasons. 3. In the amino acid composition methionine, isoleucine, Iysine and valine are limiting amino acids. The protein qualities of Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum patens C.A. are seemed to be .almost same and generally ·good. Seasonal difference in amino acid composition was found. B. Animal feeding experiment 1. The best growth was found at.10% supplemental level of the seaweed Powder and lower growth rate was shown at 30% level. 2. It was shown that 15% supplemental level of the Seaweed powder seems to fulfil, to some extent the mineral requirement of the animals. 3. No any changes were found in organs development except that, in kidney, there found decreasing in weight by increasing the supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 4. There is no any significant changes in nitrogen retention, serum cholesterol, serum calcium and urinary calcium in each supplemental level of the seaweed powder. 5. In animal feeding experiment it was concluded that $5%{\sim}15%$ levels supplementation of the seaweed powder are possible. C. Experimental cooking and acceptability test 1. The seaweed powder showed to be utilized more excellently in foreign cookings than in Korean cookings. Higher supplemental level of seaweed was passible in foreign cookings. 2. Hae-Jo-Kang and Jeon-Byung were more excellent than Song-Pyun, wheat cake, Soo-Je-Bee and wheat noodle. Hae-Je-Kang was excellent in its quality even as high as 5% supplemental level. 3. The higher levels of supplementation were used the more sticky cooking products were obtained. Song-Pyun and wheat cake were palatable and lustrous in 2% supplementation level. 4. In drop cookie the higher levels of supplementation, the more crisp product was obtained, compared with other cookies. 5. Corn cake, thin rice gruel, rice gruel and potato Jeon-Byung were more excellent in their quality than potato Man-Doo and potato noodle. Corn cake, thin rice gruel and rice gruel were excellent even as high as 5% supplementation level. 6. In several cooking Porducts some seaweed-oder was perceived in case of 3% or more levels of supplementation. This may be much diminished by the use of proper condiments. D. Sanitary test It seems that there is no any heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Hg) problem in these seaweed Powders in case these Powders are used as supplements to any cereal flours E. Economical analysis The price of the seaweed powder is lower than those of other cereals and that may be more lowered when mass production of the seaweed powder is made in future. The supplement of the seaweed powder to any cereals is also economical with the criterion of animal growth rate. F. It is recommended that these seaweed powders should be developed and used as supplement to any cereal flours or used as other food material. By doing so, both saving of cereals and improvement of individual's nutrition will greatly be achieved. It is also recommended that the feeding experiment for men would be conducted in future.