• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

Objective : Present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gyungohkgo-gamibang extract on hair growth and protein expression in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 3 experimental groups including normal (vehicle), Gyungohkgo-gamibang extract (YNS-10) and 5% minoxidil-treated group. The test materials were daily applied with 0.1 ml per mouse on shaved dorsal skin for 3 weeks. The hair growth was monitored by photograph at 5, 10, 15, 21 days after topical application. Then the changes of hair density and hair thickness in the hair-removed area were evaluated by phototrichogram using folliscope. Also the expression level of growth factors related to hair growth was measured by western blotting. Results : Application of minoxidil or YNS-10 stimulated the hair growth compared to vehicle treatment. Therefore hair density of minoxidil or YNS-10 application was increased about 200% and 210% more than in vehicle application on 14 day, respectively. And hair thickness of both minoxidil group and YNS-10 group was increased about 220% and 210 % more than in vehicle spreading on 14 day, respectively. Futhermore the protein expression of IGF-1 and VEGF were significantly up-regulated on 7 day in YNS-10 and minoxidil-spreaded group compared to vehicle-applied group. Conclusion : These data suggest that YNS-10 has potent stimulating activity on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and potential usefulness as ingredients of hair tonic and hairrestore.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.80-80
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• 2003

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms, accompanied by marked cell death in the striatum and cortex. Stereotaxic injection of quinolinic acid (QA) into striatum results in a degeneration of GABAergic neurons and exhibits abnormal motor behaviors typical of the illness. The objective of this study was carried out to obtain basic information about whether parthenogenetic mouse embryonic stem (PmES) cells are suitable for cell replacement therapy of HD. To establish PmES cell lines, hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) mouse oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and cytochalasin-B for 4 hr to initiate spontaneous cleavage. Thus established PmES cells were induced to differentiate using bFGF (20ng/ml) followed by selection of neuronal precursor cells for 8 days in N2 medium. After selection, cells were expanded at the presence of bFGF (20 ng/ml) for another 6 days, then a final differentiation step in N2 medium for 7 days. To establish recipient animal models of HD, young adult mice (7 weeks age ICR mice) were lesioned unilaterally with a stereotaxic injection of QA (60 nM) into the striatum and the rotational behavior of the animals was tested using apomorphine (0.1mg/kg, IP) 7 days after the induction of lesion. Animals rotating more than 120 turns per hour were selected and the differentiated PmES cells (1$\times$10$^4$cells/ul) were implanted into striatum. Four weeks after the graft, immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of cells reactive to anti-NeuN antibody. However, only a slight improvement of motor behavior was observed. By Nissl staining, cell mass resembling tumor was found at the graft site and near cortex which may explain the slight behavioral improvement. Detailed experiment on cell viability, differentiation and migration explanted in vivo is currently being studied.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2013

The present study is designed to explore an anti-tumor activity on crude extracts of Oplopanax elatus. Water extractions of Oplopanax elatus were performed at $100^{\circ}C$(OeE-100). OeE-100 doses up to $62.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ had no cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines in vitro. In experimental lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma or B16-BL6 melanoma, the prophylactic intravenous ($4{\sim}100{\mu}g/mouse$) or oral (2 mg/mouse) administration of OeE-100 significantly inhibited tumor metastasis as compared with tumor controls. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with OeE-100 produced various cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12. In an analysis of NK-cell activities, i.v. administration of OeE-100 ($10{\sim}100{\mu}g/mouse$) significantly augmented the cytotoxicity to YAC-1 tumor cells. Vaccination of mice with boiling-treated tumor cells (BT-vaccine) in combination with OeE-100 ($100{\mu}g/mouse$) showed higher inhibitions in tumor metastasis when compared with the mice of BT-vaccine treatment. In addition, the splenocytes from OeE-100 admixed BT-vaccine immunized mice secreted a higher concentration of Th1 type cytokine such as IFN-${\gamma}$. These results suggested that the OeE-100 stimulated immune system and was a good candidate adjuvant of anti-tumor immune responses.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is an application of low-power light for various purposes such as promoting tissue repair, reducing inflammation, causing analgesia, etc. A previous study suggested the effect of light emitting diode (LED) light with the wavelength of 740 nm for promoting wound healing of corneal epithelial cells. This current study aimed to confirm the effect of LLLT for managing inflammation of a dry eye disease (DED) mouse model. Materials and Methods A total of 50C57BL/6 female mice were randomly grouped into 5 groups to compare the effect of LLLT:1) Control group, 2) Only LLLT group, 3) Dry eye group, 4) LLLT in dry eye group, and 5) Early treatment group. DED was induced with 4 daily injections of scopolamine hydrobromide and desiccation stress for 17 days, and LLLT at 740 nm was conducted once every 3 days. To analyze the effect of LLLT on the DED mouse model, tear volume, corneal surface irregularities, and fluorescence in stained cores were measured, and the level of inflammation was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Results The DED mouse model showed significant deterioration in the overall eye condition. After LLLT, the amount of tear volume was increased, and corneal surface irregularities were restored. Also, the number of neutrophils and the level of inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased as well. Conclusion This study showed that LLLT at 740 nm was effective in controlling the corneal conditions and the degree of inflammation in DED. Such findings may suggest therapeutic effects of LLLT at 740 nm on DED.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2023

연구목적: 이 연구는 대황 추출물이 골수 유래 대식세포(BMM)에서 파골세포 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 파골 세포는 골 재흡수 및 재형성에 중요한 역할을 하며, 파골 세포의 조절 장애는 다양한 골 관련 질환을 유발할 수 있다. 잠재적인 항염증 특성을 가진 약용 식물인 대황은 뼈 대사를 조절하는 것으로 제안되었다. 연구방법: 생후 5주령의 C57BL/6 마우스의 대퇴골과 경골에서 BMM을 분리하고 M-CSF(mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor) 존재하에 3일간 배양한 후 M-CSF와 파골 세포 분화를 유도하기 위한 핵 인자-κB 리간드(RANKL)의 활성화제를 처리하였다. 연구결과: 대황 추출물로 처리하면 BMM에서 파골 세포 분화가 현저하게 억제되었다. 또한 대황 추출물은 파골세포 형성에 필수적인 유전자인 TRAP(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) 및 CTSK(cathepsin K)의 mRNA 발현을 억제하였다. 또한 파골세포 분화에 중요한 전사 인자인 활성화된 T 세포 c1(NFATc1)의 핵 인자의 RANKL 유도 발현을 억제하였다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 대황 추출물이 BMMs에서 파골 세포 형성에 억제 효과가 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 대황 추출물은 비정상적인 파골 세포 활동과 관련된 뼈 관련 질환의 치료를 위한 유망한 치료제이다. 잠재적인 임상 적용을 완전히 이해하기 위해서는 메커니즘에 대한 추가 연구와 탐색이 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2015

Objective : Cerebral vessels, such as intracerebral perforating arterioles isolated from rat brain, have been widely used as an ex vivo model to study the cerebrovascular function associated with cerebrovascular disorders and the therapeutic effects of various pharmacological agents. These perforating arterioles, however, have demonstrated differences in the vascular architecture and reactivity compared with a larger leptomeningeal artery which has been commonly implicated in cerebrovascular disease. In this study, therefore, we developed the method for studying cerebrovascular function utilizing the olfactory artery isolated from the mouse brain. Methods : The olfactory artery (OA) was isolated from the C57/BL6 wild-type mouse brain. After removing connective tissues, one side of the isolated vessel segment (approximately $-500{\mu}m$ in length) was cannulated and the opposite end of the vessel was completely sealed while being viewed with an inverted microscope. After verifying the absence of pressure leakage, we examined the vascular reactivity to various vasoactive agents under the fixed intravascular pressure (60 mm Hg). Results : We found that the isolated mouse OAs were able to constrict in response to vasoconstrictors, including KCl, phenylephrine, endothelin-1, and prostaglandin $PGH_2$. Moreover, this isolated vessel demonstrated vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner when vasodilatory agents, acetylcholine and bradykinin, were applied. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that the isolated olfactory artery would provide as a useful ex vivo model to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular function underlying cerebrovascular disorders and the direct effects of such disease-modifying pathways on cerebrovascular function utilizing pharmacological agents and genetically modified mouse models.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

본 연구는 섬더덕의 항비만 효능과 지질대사 개선효과를 알아보기 위해 C57BL/6J 4주령의 마우스에게 고지방식이를 9주간 급여하여 비만을 유발한 후 섬더덕 추출물을 첨가한 식이를 5주간 먹여 실험하였다. 체중은 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 섬더덕 추출물을 먹인 마우스에서 유의적인 감소를 하였다. 식이효율 결과 또한 섬더덕 추출물을 공급한 군이 고지방식이군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 장기 및 지방무게에서도 고지방식이군에서 무게가 증가한 것을 확인하였고, 섬더덕 추출물을 공급한 군에서 장기 및 지방의 무게가 전반적으로 감소한 것을 알 수 있었다. 혈장을 이용한 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도콜레스테롤을 측정한 결과 섬더덕 추출물을 공급한 군에서 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 감소하였고, 고밀도콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 동맥경화 지수와 심혈관계 위험도 지수는 감소된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Western blot을 통해 지방관련 단백질 발현양상을 본 결과 지방분해에 관여하는 $PPAR{\alpha}$의 경우 섬더덕 추출물을 급여함으로써 발현양이 증가하였으며, 지방생성 관련 단백질인 SREBP-1, FAS, ACC의 경우 고지방식이군과 비교 시, 섬더덕 추출물을 공급한 군에서 억제되었다. 이상의 결과로 섬더덕 추출물의 섭취는 체중 감소와 더불어 혈장 지질수준 개선에도 도움을 줄 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1998

마우스 백혈병 바이러스인 LP-BM5 MuLV를 감염시켜 면역결핍 상태 (Murine AIDS: MfdDS)로 유도한 C57BL/6 마우스에 10 종류의 가시아메바 분리주를 감염시켜 가시아메바 분리 주별 병원성을 평가하였다. LP-BM5 MuLV에 감염된 C57BL/6 마우스는 MfdDS 모델의 특징적 소견인 비장 종대와 임파절 종대를 나타내었고, 가시아메바의 배양 온도에 따른 MAIDS 모델 마 우스의 치사율의 유의적 차이는 없었으나. 분리주에 따른 MAIDS 마우스의 치사율은 상당한 차이 가 있었다. 아메바성 육아종성 뇌염 환자의 뇌에서 분리한 A. henlvioc-3A주가 가장 높은 치사 율을 나타내었고. 조직 배양 중 분리된 A. culbensonih-1주가 2번째로 높은 치사율을 나타내었 다. 국내 토양에서 분리한 A. ccstellanii KA/S2주와 A.polvphagaga KAS3주는 매우 낮은 치사율 을 보였다. 가시아메바를 비강 내 접종으로 감염시킨 마우스는 정맥 내 주사로 감염시킨 마우스에 비해 만성적 경과를 보였다. 사망한 마우스의 폐와 뇌의 육안적 병리 소견은 일관된 성적을 나타 내지는 않았고. 마우스 개체마다 다양하였다 병리 조직학적 소견으로는 뇌 조직에서보다 폐 조직 에서 더 심한 염증과 괴사를 보였으나. OC-3A주로 감염시켜 사망한 마우스의 뇌조직에서는 심한 염증반응과 가시아메바 영양형을 관찰할 수 있었다. 가시아메바 분리주마다 병원성이 다른 것으로 미루어 보아 가시아메바의 병원성은 유전적 요인에 의해 결정될 것으로 생각되며 추후 가시아메바 병원성 결정인자에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2015

Background: Ginseng is known to have antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The present study investigated a possible role of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in suppressing dopaminergic neuronal cell death and the cleavage of p35 to p25 in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum (ST) using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Methods: Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg of MPTP at 24-h intervals for 5 d, and then administered KRG (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg) once a day for 12 consecutive days from the first injection. Pole tests were performed to assess the motor function of the mice, dopaminergic neuronal survival in the SN and ST was evaluated using tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), p35, and p25 in the SN and ST were measured using Western blotting. Results: MPTP administration caused behavioral impairment, dopaminergic neuronal death, increased Cdk5 and p25 expression, and decreased p35 expression in the nigrostriatal system of mice, whereas KRG dose-dependently alleviated these MPTP-induced changes. Conclusion: These results indicate that KRG can inhibit MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and suppress the cleavage of p35 to p25 in the SN and the ST, suggesting a possible role for KRG in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Presence of Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increased risk of developing upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. Antibiotic therapy and a combination of two or three drugs have been widely used to eradicate H. pylori infections. Due to antibiotic resistant drugs, new drug resources are needed such as plants which contain antibacterial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of GutGard$^{TM}$ to inhibit H. pylori growth both in Mongolian gerbils and C57BL/6 mouse models. Male Mongolian gerbils were infected with the bacteria by intragastric inoculation ($2{\times}10^9$ CFU/gerbil) 3 times over 5 days and then orally treated once daily 6 times/week for 8 weeks with 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg GutGard$^{TM}$. After the final administration, biopsy samples of the gastric mucosa were assayed for bacterial identification via urease, catalase and ELISA assays as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the Mongolian gerbil model, IHC and ELISA assays revealed that GutGard$^{TM}$ inhibited H. pylori colonization in gastric mucosa in a dose dependent manner. The anti-H. pylori effects of GutGard$^{TM}$ in H. pylori-infected C57BL/6 mice were also examined. We found that treatment with 25 mg/kg GutGard$^{TM}$ significantly reduced H. pylori colonization in mice gastric mucosa. Our results suggest that GutGard$^{TM}$ may be useful as an agent to prevent H. pylori infection.