• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.105-110
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• 2003

In Part II, the temperature and smoke particle distributions of the extraction system, which yielded the best smoke removal performance among the three smoke control systems in Part I, for extraction flowrates of 0.6∼2.4 ㎥/s and two fire sizes of 200 ㎾ and 2 ㎿ were presented. The same numerical method was utilized to the same computational domain and configurations as Part I. It was shown that the extraction flowrate affects the smoke control performance significantly, and that a similar trend in improving the smoke removal performance with the increasing extraction flowrate between the two fire sizes. An extraction flowrate of 2.4 ㎥/s or higher was required for the temperature in the escape route less than $^{\circ}C$ for the given situations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.381-390
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• 1987

To evaluate the effects of the cooling water system on the primary production of marine phytoplankton, a series of experiments were made at the cooling water system of Samchonpo Power Plant from May 1985 to May 1986. Mechanical and physiological perturbations of the entrained process are the most detrimental to the primary production of marine phytoplankton. Nevertheless the primary production is increased by the heated water within the upper limit of temperature tolerence of the phytoplankton. The cooling water system, on the average, reduces the gross production and net production by 4.6 to 12.1 and 8.4 to $11.9\;mgC/m^3/h$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2010

Objective : In cervico-thoracic junction (CTJ), the use of strong fixation device such as pedicle screw-rod system is often required. Purpose of this study is to analyze the anatomical features of C7 and T1 pedicles related to screw insertion and to evaluate the safety of pedicle screw insertion at these levels. Methods : Nineteen patients underwent posterior CTJ fixation with C7 and/or T1 included in fixation levels. Seventeen patients had tumorous conditions and two with post-laminectomy kyphosis. The anatomical features were analyzed for C7 and T1 pedicles in 19 patients using computerized tomography (CT). Pedicle screw and rod fixation system was used in 16 patients. Pedicle violation by screws was evaluated with postoperative CT scan. Results : The mean values of the width, height, stable depth, safety angle, transverse angle, and sagittal angle of C7 pedicles were $6.9{\pm}1.34\;mm$, $8.23{\pm}1.18\;mm$, $30.93{\pm}4.65\;mm$, $26.42{\pm}7.91$ degrees, $25.9{\pm}4.83$ degrees, and $10.6{\pm}3.39$ degrees. At T1 pedicles, anatomic parameters were similar to those of C7. The pedicle violation revealed that 64.1% showed grade I violation and 35.9% showed grade II violation, overall. As for C7 pedicle screw insertion, grade I was 61.5% and grade II 38.5%. At T1 level, grade I was 65.0% and grade II 35.0%. There was no significant difference in violation rate between the whole group, C7, and T1 group. Conclusion : C7 pedicles can withstand pedicle screw insertion. C7 pedicle and T1 pedicle are anatomically very similar. With the use of adequate fluoroscopic oblique view, pedicle screw can be safely inserted at C7 and T1 levels.

• 전기의세계
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1964

Phase transformation is used to change some phase from phase in A.C. system. We have been used Scott or Fork connection in phase transformation the otherwise phase transformation was constructed from M-G set. From this M-G set, we could make phase shift facilities by mannual. Now, I can derive more easy phase transformation from taking another method. I believe this new phase transformation method in the first thing in the world. And so, I am going to explain about phase transformer construction process. The first, we could devide into equal part of core around the iron core as to be same size. The second, you will make primary and secondary winding on the core. The third, when you will supplied three phase A.C. at the terminal of primary winding you can get e.m.f. inducing of some phase at secondary. And so, we could make phase change from some phase A.C. We can apply this principle in many fields, i.e., freequency changer, phase leader of no use condenser, voltage regulator in keeping balance, and D.C. generator. And more, I will introduce in details concerning main pinciple and theory through following chapter.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.192-196
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• 2001

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) plays an essential role in the disease resistance system and is the precursor protein of biologically active peptides such as adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), $\alpha-melanocyte-stimulating$ hormone $(\alpha- MSH)$, $(\beta-melanocyte-stimulation hormone\;(\beta- MSH)$ and $\beta-endorphin$. We have isolated and sequenced two different forms of POMC cDNA, POMC-I and POMC-II, from a pituitary cDNA library of flounder. POMC-I cDNA consisted of 956 bp corresponding to deduced amino acids of 216 residues and POMC-II cDNA was 982 bp in length corresponding to 194 amino acids, respectively. The results of deduced amino acids analysis of the clones showed high sequence homology with previously reported POMCs amino acid sequences from various species. The homology between flounder POMC-I and -II is$57\%$ identity. We also constructed a phylogenetic tree based on POMC amino acid sequences.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.797-805
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• 2019

Threats targeting cyberspace are becoming more intelligent and increasing day by day. To cope with such cyber threats, it is essential to improve the coping ability of system security officers. In this paper, we propose a simulated threat generator that automatically generates cyber threats for cyber defense training. The proposed Simulated Threat Generator is designed with MITRE ATT & CK(Adversarial Tactics, Techniques and Common Knowledge) framework to easily add an evolving cyber threat and select the next threat based on the threat execution result.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2008

This paper describes a development of the operational architecture of a low altitude air defense automation system using a systems engineering approach. The future battlefield is changing to new system of systems that command and control by the network based BM/C4I. Also, it is composed of various sensors and shooters in an single theater. Future threats may be characterized as unmanned mewing bodies that the strategic effect is great such as UAVs, cruise missiles or tactical ballistic missiles. New threats such as low altitude stealth cruise missiles may also appear. The implementation of a low altitude air defense against these future threats is required to complex and integrated approach based on systems engineering. In this view, this work established an operational scenario and derived operational requirements by identifying mission and future operational environments. It is presented the operational architecture of the low altitude air defense automation system by using the CORE 5.0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2006

This study was progressed to value of Bi2212 tubes uniformity depend on cooling conditions. The tube from 150 mm in length, 30 mm in O.D., 20 mm in I.D., 5 mm in thickness was combined with electrodes by 3 sections. The tube from 60, 70 mm in length, 30, 50 mm in O.D., 20.4, 40.4 mm in I.D., 4.8 mm in thickness was in controled of cooling rate by a heat exchanger. Bi2212 tubes were fabricated by Centrifugal Forming Process (CFP) and they were annealed at $840^{\circ}C$ for 80 h in oxygen atmosphere. The tube from 150 mm in length was analyzed by EFDLab of NIKA to show cooling rate and temperature distributions. When the tube was cooled for 100s, the temperature distributions was $663^{\circ}C$ in the middle, $500{\sim}647^{\circ}C$ in inlet, $598{\sim}647^{\circ}C$ in the other side. Electric characteristics from $I_c$ was 450 A in the middle, 650 A in inlet, 600 A in the other side. Electric characteristics by a heat exchanger showed the more fast cooling rate, the more high $I_c$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.649-657
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• 1995

From December 1993 to April 1994, to investigate complement activation and pulmonary leukostasis, thirty adult patients were studied during cardiopulmonary bypass[CPB for cardiac surgery in Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University. Total patients were divided into group I and II according to the purpose of study ; Group I was 15 patients undergoing CPB with bubble oxygenator, Group II was 15 patients undergoing CPB with membrane oxygenator. The results of study were summarized as follows.1. The decrease of C3 and C4 levels were observed within few minutes of beginning of CPB in all patients[P<0.05 , and this decrease was proved to be due to complement activation, not by the influence of hemodilution.2. In the correlation between the change of C3 and C4, group I showed linear correlation each other suggesting complement activation occurred through the classical pathway, group II showed a correlation at only partial sampling times suggesting complement activation via both classical and alternative pathway, however there was no significant statistical difference at the change of C3 and C4 concentrations in two groups[P>0.05 .3. After switching to partial CPB, a few difference between right atrial and left atrial WBC count was observed, but statistically not significant and median cell count difference between group I and II was not significant, too [P>0.05 . With the above result, we concluded that CPB itself contributes to the activation of complement system, but bubble oxygenator does not activate always complement system more than membrane oxygenator.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1990

In order to characterize the chloroplasts of Korean ginseng as a semi-shade plant and radish as a sun plant, effects of growth light intensity on photosynthetic electron transport (PS) activity in chloroplasts and superoxide (O2.-) production in thylakoid membrane by irradiation were investigated. High-light chloroplasts of both plants showed higher PS activities than those grown under ow growth light intensity. High PS II and low PS I activities in ginseng chloroplasts (ratio of PS II/PS I : 1.1) were observed, but radish chloroplasts showed low PS II and high PS I activities (ratio of PS II/PS I : 0.3). PS II activity of both plants was little affected by temperature in range of 15-35$^{\circ}C$. Activities of whole -chain (PS II+I) in ginseng and PS I in radish were increased at high temperature (4$0^{\circ}C$). Preincubation of chloroplasts at 4$0^{\circ}C$ during 30 min, as a mild heat stress, caused rapid decrease in PS II and PS II+I activities of both plants. However PS I activity was not decreased in ginseng and rather increased in radish. O2.- production (NBT reduction) in Mehler reaction in the thylakoid membrane was inhibited by DCMU in both plants. DMBIB inhibited O2.- production in ginseng, but radish was insensitive to DMBIB. Electron flow system in ginseng thylakoid membrane was more susceptible to damage of photooxidation than that of radish.