• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.343-350
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• 2016

A secure and effective on-chip bus for detecting and preventing malicious attacks by infected IPs is presented in this paper. Most system inter-connects (on-chip bus) are vulnerable to hardware Trojan (Malware) attack because all data and control signals are routed. A proposed secure bus with modifications in arbitration, address decoding, and wrapping for bus master and slaves is designed using the Advanced High-Performance and Advance Peripheral Bus (AHB and APB Bus). It is implemented with the concept that arbiter checks share of masters and manage infected masters and slaves in every transaction. The proposed hardware is designed with the Xilinx 14.7 ISE and verified using the HBE-SoC-IPD test board equipped with Virtex4 XC4VLX80 FPGA device. The design has a total gate count of 39K at an operating frequency of 313MHz using the $0.13{\mu}m$ TSMC process.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.6C
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• pp.604-610
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• 2009

This paper propose a digital watermarking method for digital contents which satisfies both the invisibility and the robustness to attacks to prohibit counterfeiting, modification, illegal usage and illegal re-production of video contents. This watermarking algorithm insert a watermark(digital hologram) by generated using Fresnel transform which improve the robustness. The inserting positions of the watermark choose by considering the frequency property of an image and a watermark. Also the amount of watermarking for watermark bit decide by considering the level of 2DDWT. This algorithm was implemented by C++ and experimented for invisibility and robustness with optical system. The experiment results showed that the method satisfied enough the invisibility of the inserted watermark and robustness against attacks. For the general attacks, the error rate of the extracted watermark was less than 15%, which is enough in robustness against the attacks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2008

적조발생 해역인 울진 연안의 해수에서 분리한 100여종의 해양미생물 중 8 균주가 C. polykrikoides에 대해 살조활성을 나타내었으며, 이 중 살조활성이 가장 우수한 Brachybacterium sp. SY-97을 선별하였다. Brachybacterium sp. SY-97의 최적 배양조건은 30$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0, 2.0% NaCl 농도였다. Brachybacterium sp. SY-97은 C. polykrikoides를 살조시킨 후 생성되는 EOM을 이용하여 성장하며, 유도기를 거쳐 대수증식기에 살조물질을 활발히 생산하는 것으로 판단된다. 0.2 $\mu$m의 Cell Culture Insert를 삽입한 2조 배양계를 이용하여 Brachybacterium sp. SY-97의 살조 유형을 조사한 결과, Brachybacterium sp. SY-97은 0.2 $\mu$m filter에 의해 C. polykrikoides와 격리된 상태에서도 C. polykrikoides를 살조시켜 직접 공격형이 아니라 세포외로 물질을 분비하여 살조시키는 살조인자 분비형으로 밝혀졌다. Brachybacterium sp. SY-97의 배양여과액의 첨가 농도별 살조활성을 측정한 결과, 15%의 경우 C. polykrikoides의 개체수는 급격히 감소하여 12시간 후에 100% 살조되었고, 10%의 경우 15시간 후에 모두 살조되었고, 5%의 경우 18시간 후에 control에 비해 90% 이상 살조 되었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.8C
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• pp.689-696
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• 2010

The goal of this paper is to present a novel method for protecting digital image using 2-D cellular automata transform (CAT). A copyright and transform coefficients are used to generate a new content-based copyright and an original digital image is distributed without any hidden copyright. The parameter, which is called gateway value, for 2-D CAT is consisted of rule number, initial configuration, lattice length, number of neighbors, and etc. Since 2-D CAT has various gateway values, it is more secure than conventional methods. The proposed algorithm is verified using attacked images such as filtering, cropping, JPEG compression, and rotation for robustness.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.356-363
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• 2020

As a becoming era of Internet-of-Things, various devices are connected via wire or wirless networks. Although every day life is more convenient, security problems are also increasing such as privacy, information leak, denial of services. Since ECC, a kind of public key cryptosystem, has a smaller key size compared to RSA, it is widely used for environmentally constrained devices. The key of ECC in constrained devices can be exposed to power analysis attacks during scalar multiplication operation. In this paper, a key-randomization method is suggested for scalar multiplication on SECG parameters. It is against differential power analysis and has operational efficiency. In order to increase of operational efficiency, the proposed method uses the property 2^lP=∓cP where the constant c is small compared to the order n of SECG parameters and n=2^l±c. The number of operation for the Coron's key-randomization scalar multiplication algorithm is 21, but the number of operation for the proposed method in this paper is (3/2)l. It has efficiency about 25% compared to the Coron's method using full random numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1975

Determination has been made of the kinetics of the reaction of benzyl arenesulfonates with pyridine in acetone. The substituent effects of the leaving groups in benzyl arenesulfonates are correlated by Hammett equations, with the exception of p-MeO and $p-NO_2$ groups, where the electron attracting substituents in the benzyl arenesulfonate increase the rate. The substituent effects of the leaving groups are as expected due to the nucleophilic attack of amine on the benzyl carbon atom. This can be understood in terms of changes in bond formation (C-N) and bond breaking (C-O) in the transition state with charges in electron-attracting ability of the substituents. The predicted substituent effects may indicate a small increase in bond formation and thus a tighter transition state, in benzyl p-bromobenzene sulfonate than in benzyl p-nitrobenzenesulfonate. Predicting made by Thornton concerning the substituent effects on $S_N2$ transition state structures agrees with the changes in bond formation and bond breaking.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.597-601
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• 2006

The degradation of the Nafion membrane by oxygen radical (OH, $HO_2$) was investigated in Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Nafion membrane was degraded in Fenton solution consisted with hydrogen peroxide (10-30％) and ferrous ion (1-4 ppm) at $80^{\circ}C$. After degradation in Fenton solution, C-F, S-O and C-O chemical bonds of membrane were broken by oxygen radical attack. Breaking of C-F bond reduced the mechanical strength of Nafion membrane, and hence induced pinholes, resulting in increase of $H_2$ crossover through the membrane. Decomposition of S-O and C-O bonds decreased the ion exchange capacity of the electrolyte membrane. The performance of unit cell composed the membrane, which was degraded in 30％ $H_2O_2$ with 4ppm $Fe^{2+}$ solution for 48 hr, was about half times as low as one with normal membrane.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

${Cachin}^{[1]}$ defined the security of steganography theoretically at first, then ${Katzenbeisser}^{[2]}$ and ${Hopper}^{[3]}$ also discussed it on the different aspects. Unfortunately, because many steganographic systems couldnt overcome the statistical gap between a stego-cover and a pure cover, the secure steganography hasn' been evaluated yet. By the effectivel steganalysis algorithm, statistical test which was suggested by Westfel $d^{［4］}$, the attacker Wendy could select the stego-covers out of suspicious covers. Our newly developed algorithm which minimizes the changes of a pure cover by using the block cipher withstands a statistical test and has a similar embedding capacity in comparison with a simple LSB substitution steganography.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2023

The importance of each warfighting function for Army TIGER unit attack drones is measured using the AHP technique. As a result, the importance of attack drones is high in the order of maneuver, firepower, intelligence, command/control, protection, and operation sustainment, but the importance of maneuver, firepower, and intelligence are almost similar. In addition, it is analyzed that attack drones capable of carrying out day and night missions by being equipped with an EO/IR sensor and being commanded/controlled in conjunction with the C4I system to eliminate threats with small bombs or aircraft collisions is needed. Finally, based on the results of this study, a virtual battle scenario for attack drones is proposed.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.2 s.252
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• pp.46-57
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• 2000

군 통신도 앞으로 상용에서의 이동통신 시스템이나 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode), 위성통신과 같은 첨단 통신방식으로 발전하는 추세에 있으므로 전술제대 단위로 위치보고체계의 통신망을 구성한다면 상호운용성(Interoperability)면에서 중대한 문제점이 발생할 수 있다. 한편 장차전의 양상은 화력전, 입체 고속 기동전으로 가는 추세이며 기갑/기계화부대는 비선형 기동전의 주역으로서 적의 취약점을 포착하는 즉시 민첩한 기동전투력으로 종심공격을 실시하여 적에게 불리한 비선형의 전장을 적극적으로 조성하고 주도권을 행사하는 전술작전 능력을 발휘한다