• Clean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2022

In this study, an electronics industrial wastewater activated sludge model (e-ASM) to be used as a Water Digital Twin was calibrated based on real high-tech electronics industrial wastewater treatment measurements from lab-scale and pilot-scale reactors, and examined for its treatment performance, effluent quality prediction, and optimal process selection. For specialized modeling of a high-tech electronics industrial wastewater treatment system, the kinetic parameters of the e-ASM were identified by a sensitivity analysis and calibrated by the multiple response surface method (MRS). The calibrated e-ASM showed a high compatibility of more than 90% with the experimental data from the lab-scale and pilot-scale processes. Four electronics industrial wastewater treatment processes-MLE, A2/O, 4-stage MLE-MBR, and Bardenpo-MBR-were implemented with the proposed Water Digital Twin to compare their removal efficiencies according to various electronics industrial wastewater characteristics. Bardenpo-MBR stably removed more than 90% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and showed the highest nitrogen removal efficiency. Furthermore, a high concentration of 1,800 mg L^-1 T MAH influent could be 98% removed when the HRT of the Bardenpho-MBR process was more than 3 days. Hence, it is expected that the e-ASM in this study can be used as a Water Digital Twin platform with high compatibility in a variety of situations, including plant optimization, Water AI, and the selection of best available technology (BAT) for a sustainable high-tech electronics industry.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Earthenware horn cups with horse head decorations were excavated from Tomb No. 7 of Bokcheon-dong, Dongraegu, Busan Metropolitan City. Made of earth in the shape of a horn, these cups are considered to have been used to drink alcohol or beverage. Large numbers of earthenware horn cups of various shapes were excavated from tombs located in the old territories of Silla and Gaya. A pair of earthenware horn cups were excavated from Tomb No. 7, and the two cups are almost identical in overall shapes and manufacturing techniques despite different sizes. Conservation treatment was carried out for the bigger one of the two horn cups this time. There are two cracks toward the horse head decorations around the mouth with missing parts observed. The chest of the horse touches the ground with one side decorating the horse head and the other side facing the conical mouth of the horn cup. It is in the U shape, striking a balance based on two legs attached behind. The surface of the horn cup was made with a potter's wheel, and the connection to the horse head has traces of cutting and trimming. The horse head is expressed realistically with its features including the ears, eyes, nose, and mouth well apprehended and its color is grey This study intended to investigate manufacturing techniques of the artifact by examining its internal structure through the condition survey in a non-destructive way. CT imaging was used to figure out its manufacturing techniques and to diagnose its condition, and accordingly the scientific conservation treatment was conducted to stabilize the artifact. The precise diagnosis on conservation condition found that there are two chips in the spout with their cracks extended. One of the chips is connected with separation added to the crack. The material which has been used for connection in the past was collected for the infrared spectroscopic analysis, which was identified to be nitrocellulose resin for the connection. Therefore, this conservation treatment focused on removing the old material and preventing the spread of cracks. Before conservation treatment, the condition survey and scientific examination for the artifact were carried out to secure data about the earthenware horn cup with horse head decorations(Treasure). Based on them, effective plans for its conservation treatment was sought for and then existing adhesive was safely removed, and restoration material was selected to take into account its reversibility. In addition, the conservation treatment according to optimal methodologies was conducted through the consultation meeting with experts.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2022

Measuring chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is a useful tool for assessing a plant's ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging and high temperature. Korean ginseng is highly sensitive to water stress in paddy fields. To evaluate the possibility of non-destructively diagnosing waterlogging stress using chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) imaging techniques, we screened 57 ginseng accessions for waterlogging tolerance. To evaluate waterlogging tolerance among the 2-year-old Korean ginseng accessions, we treated ginseng plants with water stress for 25 days. The physiological disorder rate was characterized through visual assessment (an assigned score of 0-5). The physiological disorder rates of Geumjin, Geumsun and GS00-58 were lower than that of other accessions. In contrast, lines GS97-62, GS97-69 and GS98-1-5 were deemed susceptible. Root traits, chlorophyll content and the reduction rates decreased in most ginseng accessions. Further, these metrics were significantly lower in susceptible genotypes compared to resistant ones. All CF parameters showed a positive or negative response to waterlogging stress, and this response continuously increased over the treatment time among the genotypes. The CF parameter Fv/Fm was used to screen the 57 accessions, and the results showed clear differences in Fv/Fm between the susceptible and resistant genotypes. Susceptible genotypes had an especially low Fv/Fm value of less than 0.8, reflecting damage to the reaction center of photosystem II. It is concluded that Fv/Fm can be used as a CF parameter index for screening waterlogging stress tolerance in ginseng genotypes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2022

Thymosin β-4 (TB4) is a small peptide composed of 43 amino acids. To obtain sufficient biologically active mouse TB4 economically, we cloned and overexpressed this gene in an Escherichia coli system. With the isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside induction of the E. coli transformant, TB4 fusion protein with intein- and chitin-binding domain was successfully expressed in the soluble fraction within the E. coli cell. The TB4-intein - chitin-binding domain fusion protein was purified from the soluble fraction of E. coli cell lysate. The affinity chromatography with chitin beads and dithiothreitol-mediated intein self-cleavage reaction releases the TB4 peptide into the stripping solution. Sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analyses were used to confirm that the recombinant TB4 peptide was produced with the expected size of 5 kDa. We found that the recombinant TB4 stimulated cell migration in the transwell plate chamber assay. After 18 hr of the treatment of the recombinant TB4 with 1 ng/ml concentration, the migration of the HT1080 cell was increased by 20% compared with that of the chemically synthesized TB4. The recombinant TB4 was also observed to promote the healing of a wound area in C57BL/6 mice by as high as 35% compared with that of the chemically synthesized TB4. These results suggest that the recombinant TB4 has better biological activity for cell migration and wound healing than that of the chemically synthesized TB4 peptide.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reinforced effect between MGF treated silane coupling agents and rubber matrix under the configuration chemical bonds, also the effect of triazine thiol compounds. For this study, vulcanizates were prepared with fifteen different compounding formulas. Their vulcanization characteristics, physical properties were examined by means of the ODR(Oscillating Dist Rheometer), the tensile tester, the benzene swelling test. The results of this study obtained are as follows: 1. In the ODR test, the MA vulcanizate was the fastest one in terms of having reached to optimum cure time($t_{90}$) and, with the same formula, when MGF vulcanizates, the shortest optimum cure times has appeared. 2. The SA, SC vulcanizates were the best the other in the physical properties such as 100%modulus, 200%modulus, 300%modulus, tensile strength. The SB vulcanizate, with higher density of crosslinking than other vulcanizates. The vulcanizates, which were filled with MGF treated with silane coupling agents we were the higher density of crosslinking than vulcanizates filled with MGF only. 3. In aging properties, the silica vulcanizates appeared to be better than the other vulcanizates. The aging Properties of treated MGF vulcanizates were similar to the silica vulcanizates. The(CR+APS+silica) and(CR+APS+MCF) were easily crosslinked by exposure to the air, and the physical properties have been improved.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.168-183
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• 2023

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death not only in Korea but also worldwide. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been extensively investigated, but studies on nutritional intake and eating habits are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the general characteristics, dietary habits, and nutritional status of Korean adults based on their AIP values using data from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: A total number of 3,040 adults in their 20s and 30s were included as study subjects. They were divided into quintiles according to their AIP values. Comparisons were then made among the general information, eating habits, and nutritional intake statuses of the groups. Results: The averages of AIP were different by age, obese status, education, occupation, alcohol drinking frequency, smoking, and exercise in men. As for women, the averages of AIP were different by age, obese status, education, occupation, alcohol drinking frequency, and smoking status. Except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, higher AIP values in men were associated with significant increasing trends in health indicators, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. As for women, as AIP increased, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol showed significant increasing trends except HDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol showed a significant decreasing trend as AIP increased in men and women. In the high AIP group of women, the frequency of breakfast was lower, whereas the frequency of alcohol beverage consumption was higher. Conclusion: Among young adults, the risk of arteriosclerosis was higher in obese, smoking, and non-exercise individuals. More frequent alcohol drink consumption in women is associated with a higher risk of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, weight and lifestyle management are necessary for the prevention of atherosclerosis among young adults.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.159-164
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• 1973

This study was carried out in the central part of Korea for three years from 1970 to 1972. Its aim was to investigate the variations of growth and yield of rice varieties of different cultivating methods (transplanting culture, direct sowing culture on irrigated paddy field, and direct sowing culture on non-irrigated paddy field. The results could be summarized as follows; 1. The number of days from sowing to heading by direct sowing culture on irrigated paddy field was remarkably shorter than transplanting culture. Direct sowing culture on non-irrigated paddy field was longer than transplanting culture. 2. The number of panicles showed direct sowing culture on irrigated paddy field was first, direct sowing culture on non-irrigated paddy field was second, and third transplanting culture. But the number of spikelets per panicle was first on the transplanting culture, second on the direct sowing culture on non-irrigated paddy field and third on the direct sowing culture on irrigated paddy field. 3. The weight of the brown rice showed that direct sowing culture on irrigated paddy field produced the highest yield among the cultivating method in all varieties. The transplanting culture increased more than the direct sowing culture on non-irrigated paddy field. The highly productive varieties were Sadominory, Akibale, Suwon 213-1 when the direct sowing culture on irrigated paddy field was used. 4. The correlation between the brown rice yield and the yield components were as follows; in each cultivating method, it showed highly significant positive correlation between the brown rice yield and the 1, 000 grain weight of hulled rice, and between the brown rice yield and the number of the spiklets per panicle in the transplanting culture, in the direct sowing culture On irrigated paddy field between the brown rice yield and the number of spikelets per panicle and between the brown rice yield and the number of panicles, in direct sowing culture on non-irrigated paddy field between the brown rice yield and number of panicles. 5. It showed highly significant negative correlation between the brown rice yield and the number of days from sowing to heading in the direct sowing culture on irrigated and non-irrigated paddy field, but it was showed very low negative correlation in the transplant culture.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2014

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fat source feeding on growth performance, visceral organ weight, meat color, excreta microflora and blood profiles in broilers. A total of 768 1-d-old ROSS 308 broilers (mixed gender) with an initial average body weight of 39.68 ± 0.14 g were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 16 broilers per pen for 32 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) SBO, basal diet + 5% soybean oil, 2) PF, basal diet + 5% poultry fat, 3) TAL, basal diet + 5% tallow, and 4) LARD, basal diet + 5% lard. During d 1 to 14, broilers fed TAL diet had a higher (P<0.05) body weight gain (BWG) than broilers fed with PF and LARD diets, moreover, broilers fed TAL diet had a higher (P<0.05) feed intake than broilers fed SBO, PF and LARD diets. Overall (d 0-32), BWG in SBO and TAL treatments was greater (P<0.05) than that in LARD treatment. The meat color a^* (redness) of broilers fed with LARD diet was increased (P<0.05) compared with broilers fed with PF and TAL diets. No difference was observed in visceral organ weight of liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, breast muscle, abdominal fat, gizzard and excreta concentrations of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli. The blood LDL cholesterol concentration in TAL treatment was higher (P<0.05) than that in LARD treatment. In conclusion, broilers supplementation with tallow could improve not only the body weight gain and feed intake but also blood LDL cholesterol concentration. Moreover, broiler fed lard could increase a^* (radness) of meat color, while the soybean oil supplementation improve body weight gain in broilers.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.5-16
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• 2007

The simple linear elastic-perfectly plastic model with soil parameters $s_u,\;E_u$ and n of undrained condition is usually applied to predict the displacement of a constructed diaphragm wall(DW) on soft soils during excavation. However, the application of this soil model for finite element analysis could not interpret the continued increment of the lateral displacement of the DW for the large and deep excavation area both during the elapsed time without activity of excavation and after finishing excavation. To study the characteristic behaviors of soil behind the DW during the periods without excavation, a series of tests on soft Bangkok clay samples are simulated in the same manner as stress condition of soil elements happening behind diaphragm wall by triaxial tests. Three kinds of triaxial tests are carried out in this research: $K_0$ consolidated undrained compression($CK_0U_C$) and $K_0$ consolidated drained/undrained unloading compression with periodic decrement of horizontal pressure($CK_0DUC$ and $CK_0UUC$). The study shows that the shear strength of series $CK_0DUC$ tests is equal to the residual strength of $CK_0UC$ tests. The Young's modulus determined at each decrement step of the horizontal pressure of soil specimen on $CK_0DUC$ tests decreases with increase in the deviator stress. In addition, the slope of Critical State Line of both $CK_0UC$ and $CK_0DUC$ tests is equal. Moreover, the axial and radial strain rates of each decrement of horizontal pressure step of $CK_0DUC$ tests are established with the function of time, a slope of critical state line and a ratio of deviator and mean effective stress. This study shows that the results of the unloading compression triaxial tests can be used to predict the diaphragm wall deflection during excavation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.222-227
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• 2008

This study examined the chemical composition of lotus root and functionally evaluated a fermented lotus root drink. Electron-donating ability using DPPH along with nitrite-scavenging ability were used to compare the antioxidative activities of unfermented and fermented lotus root drinks. The electron-donating abilities of the unfermented lotus root drink (1%) and fermented lotusroot drink (1%) were 22.55% and 23.88%, respectively. At pH 6.0, the nitrite-scavenging abilities of the unfermented lotus root drink and the fermented lotus root drink (100%) were 27.64% and 40.3%, respectively, and their scavenging ability increased in a dose-dependent manner at all pH values. In order to study the anti-obesity effects of the two drinks, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (A: basal diet, B: high fat diet, C: high fat diet+unfermented lotus root drink, D: high fat diet+fermented lotus root drink). Net weight gains were not significantly different among the four groups. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in the groups receiving the unfermented and fermented lotus root drinks. Also, plasma total lipid and triglyceride contents were lower in the groups receiving the unfermented and fermented lotus root drinks as compared to the high fat diet group; however, the differences among the three groups were not significant.