• 미생물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1984

Novozym 234에 의한 K. fragilis와 C. pseudotropicalis의 원형질체 형성과 재생에 관한 연구를 하였다. intact cell을 원형질체로 전환시키는데 정지기의 세포보다 대수기에 있는세포가 효과적이었으며 osmotic stabilizer로는 $(NH_4)_{2}SO_4$가 두 종 똑같이 원형질체 형성이나 재생에 있어서 적합했고 최적 효소농도는 K. Fragilis에서는 3mg/ml, C. pseudotropicalis에서는 1~3mg/ml이었다. 반응 후 관찰된 세포 중의 원형질체 형성 수율은 K. fragilis에서 약 95%, C. pseudotropicalis에서 약 100%였으나 원형질체의 재생은 Glusulase와 비교해 볼 때 매우 낮았다. 그러나 세포 이물질이 없는 원형질체를 얻는데는 Novozym 234가 적합한 것 같다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.407-415
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• 1986

This study investigated whether a correlation exists between environmental physical and biochemical factors and adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells by using normal and UV-irradiated strains. The results were as follows: 1. The percentage of germ tube forming activities of normal Candida albicans was 91.5% and UV-irradiated Candida albicans was 15.0%. The $LD_{50}$ of normal strains in mice were $1.0{\times}10\;cells/ml$, but could not be observed in the UV-irradiated strains even with $1.0{\times}10\;cells/ml$. It demonstrated that the virulence is decreased in the UV-irradiated strain. 2. The adherence of normal Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells($166{\pm}29{\sim}207{\pm}17\;cells$/100 epithelial cells) was significantly greater than UV-irradiated Candida albicans($99{\pm}21{\sim}131{\pm}25\;cells$/100 epithelial cells). 3. Candida albicans cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ adhered to buccal epithelial cells($166{\pm}16{\sim}207{\pm}17\;cells$/100 epithelial cells) in greater numbers than cultured at $25^{\circ}C$($80{\pm}15{\sim}143{\pm}22\;cells$/100 epithelial cells). 4. On comparison of the adherence of viable and nonviable(heat-killed) Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells, the nonviable Candida albicans demonstrated poorer adherence than viable Candida albicans. 5. Adherence in vitro of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells appeared to be effected by the pH. The adherence ability was maximum increased at pH 7.0($187{\pm}22\;cells$/100 epithelial cells) other than experimental pH. 6. The adherence was proportional to the incubation time and the Candida cell concentration in the suspension. 7. A strong correlation was shown between germ tube forming activity and increased adherence of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells, indicating that germ tube forming activity were responsible for candidal virulence.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

Objectives : This research has been done to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts. Method : Coptidis Rhizoma was extracted by $100^{\circ}C$ water. The extract (CC : Extract of Coptis chinensis rhizome) was used to examine its effects on the cell viability of mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cell line. Also the production of nitric oxide (NO), the c-jun N-terminalkinase (JNK) activation and the production of cytokines such as (IL)-5 were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. After the CC and LPS were applied to Raw 264.7 cells which were cultured for 24 hours, the MTT assay was performed. Result : The CC extracts didn't affect the viability of macrophage cells. However, the extracts inhibited the NO production and the JNK activation significantly in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells treated with 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations. The CC extract, also, impeded the production of inflammation-related factors and cytokines such as KC, VEGF, MCP-1, GM-CSF, IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12p40 in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells at the concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$. The production of basic-FGF concentration of 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$, the production of IP-10 at $100{\mu}g/mL$, and the production of IFN-${\gamma}$ at $25{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Conclusion : The CC prepared using $100^{\circ}C$ water showed the significant anti-inflammatory effect such as the inhibition not only on the production of NO, KC, VEGF, MCP-1, GM-CSF, IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-12p40 in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells at or higher than the concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$, but also on the JNK activation at 100 and $200{\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1022-1029
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor activities of Cordyceps militaris of silkworm pupa (CMP) and silkworm larva (CML), as compared with the effect of cordycepin, an active compound found in Cordyceps militaris. Antiproliferation effect of the test materials were evaluated in the sarcoma-180 cells using the MTT test. For the in vivo study, ICR mice were inoculated i.p. with 1.0 ${\times}$ 10$^{6}$ sarcoma-180 cells/mouse on Day 0, and were again i.p. injected with one of the following substances from Day 1 to Day 10 : saline (control group), 50 mg/kg (CMP50, CML50) ,100 ma/kg (CMP100, CML100), or 200 mg/kg (CMP200, CML200) of Cordyceps militaris water extracts, or 1 mg/kg (C1), 2 mg/kg (C2), or 4 mg/kg (C4) of cordycepin. Pretreatment of the sarcoma-180 cells with 100 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, and 1000 mg/ml of CML (60.1$\pm$2.5％, 49.8$\pm$3.7％, and 45.4$\pm$0.1％ of the value for untreated control cells, respectively) or CMP (68.3$\pm$2.1％, 55.1$\pm$0.9％, and 51.4$\pm$3.5％ of the value for control cells, respectively) for 48 hrs significantly decreased the survival rate (proliferation) of tumor cells (p<0.05). Body weight of the control mice bearing ascites tumor and injected with saline was 1.4 times of the value for normal animals at day 18. Mice bearing ascites tumor and injected with cordycepin (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) exhibited a significantly lighter body weight compared with the control mice, while animals injected with CMP or CML (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) showed a significantly lighter body weight compared with the mice injected with cordycepin. Mice injected with CMP50, CMP100, or CMP200 mg/kg (or CML50, CML100, or CML200 mg/kg) showed a 133％ (or 90％), 80％ (or 62％), and 68％ (or 52％) longer mean survival time, and those treated with C1, C2, or C4 exhibited a 54％, 91％ and 80％ longer survival time compared to the value for control mice injected with saline. These results indicate that the hot-water extracts of Cordyceps militaris of both silkworm pupa and silkworm larva have an anti-proliferation effect of tumor cells as well as the life prolongation effect in mice bearing ascites tumor, which are superior to the activities of cordycepin.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.365-373
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• 1990

The effects of the protein fraction of Panax ginseng on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells and DRG cultured with a deficient medium were studied. The protein fraction was further fractionated into four groups according to the molecular weight; larger than 10,000 dalton(fraction A), between 5,000 and 10,000 daltons(fraction B), between 1,000 and 5,000 daltons(fraction C), between 500 and 1,000 daltons(fraction D). All four protein fractions at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased the number of the brain cells which promoted the neurite outgrowth. The activity of PDHC in the brain cells was elevated significantly by the protein fraction B at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was noted that $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ protein fraction C and D significantly enhanced the synthesis of protein in the brain cells. At the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, the protein fraction B enhanced RNA synthesis and the protein fraction A significantly enhanced DNA synthesis in the brain cells. The protein fractions B, C, and D significantly promoted the neurite outgrowth of DRG at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1995

In the particulate fraction obtained from PKC-down regulated K562 cells by treatment for 24 h with 200nM TPA, phosphorylation of two proteins with molecular weight, 100 kDa and 23 kDa (designated p100 and p23, respectvely) was depleted and addition of exogenous purified PKC to this fraction failed to testore their phosphorylation. However, in the soluble fraction, all of phosphoproteins abolished by long-term treatment with TPA were restored by exogenously added PKC. Phosphorylation of two proteins was increased by short-term tretment (20 min), and diminished with the persistant exposure to TPA as well as at a concentration as low as 1nM. When K562 cells were treated with 1 nM and 200 nM TPA for 24 h, phosphorylation of p100 was restored with or without exogenous PKC on 2-3day and 6day after removal of treated TPA, respectively. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of phosphoproteins revealed that phosphorylated p100 (pl=5.9) and p66 species were completely absent from the particulate fraction of K562 cells treated with 200nM TPA for 24 h. These results suggest that the interaction of sensitive endogenous substrates, p100 and p23 with the plasma membrane might be regulated by PKC-down regulation without displacement to the cytosol and the interaction of p100 with the membrane might be reveersible.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitrification in the cryopreservation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells could be useful for tooth banking. Methods: In step 1, primary cultured human PDL cells were cryopreserved in 100% conventional cryopreservation media and 100% vitrification media (ESF40 media) in different temperatures for 2 weeks. In step 2, a series of modified vitrification formulae named T1 (75% vitrification media + 25% F-media), T2 (50% vitrification media + 50% F-media) and T3 (25% vitrification media + 75% F-media) were used to store PDL cells for 2 weeks and 4 weeks in liquid nitrogen. MTT assay was performed to examine the viability of PDL cells. Results: Maximum cell viability was achieved in cells stored in 100% conventional cryopreservation media at $-196^{\circ}C$ (positive control group) in step 1. Compared to the positive control group, viability of the cells stored in 100% vitrification media was very low as 10% in all test conditions. In step 2, as the percentage of vitrification media decreased, the cell viability increased in cells stored for 2 weeks. In 4-week storage of cells in step 2, higher cell viability was observed in the T2 group than the other vitrification formulae while the positive control group had the highest viability. There was no statistically significant difference in the cell viability of 2-week and 4-week stored cells in the T2 group. Conclusions: These observations indicate 100% vitrification media is not successful in PDL cell cryopreservation. Conventional cryopreservation media is currently the most appropriate media type for this purpose while T2 media would be interesting to test for long-term storage of PDL cells.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2005

We analyzed the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense collected from Dadaepo and Gaduck-do in Busan and from Sujeong-ri in Jinhae Bay, Korea, in April 2003. We also analyzed the PSP toxin of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected around Busan and Jinhae Bay. PSP toxin analyses were conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fifteen cultured A. tamarense isolates contained 2.78 to 57.47 fmol/cell, with nearly identical toxin profiles: major components C2, GTX4; minor components C1, GTX1, NEO; and trace components GTX2, GTX3, STX. PSP toxin contents were 0 to $492\;\mu{g}$ STXeq/100 g in mussels and 0 to $48\;\mu{g}$ STXeq/100 g in oysters. Mussels at Gijang and Sujeong-ri contained the most PSP toxin contents ($492\;\mu{g}\;STXeq/100\;g\;and\;252\;\mu{g}\;STXeq/100\;g,\;respectively$), exceeding the quarantine level ($80\;\mu{g}$ STXeq/100 g). Their dominant toxin components were C2, C1, GTX2, and GTX3; the minor components GTX1, GTX4, GTX5, and NEO were sporadically detected. Phytoplankton contained 0.774 fmol/L seawater and 1.228 fmol/L seawater at Gijang and Sujeong-ri in April. At that time, Alexandrium cells were present in the water column at Gijang at 2,577 cells/mL and at Sujeong-ri at 6,750 cells/mL. Overall, we found the high and similar PSP toxin contents in AZexandrium isolates and mussels, and a correlation between occurrence of toxic Alexandrium cells in the water column and mussel intoxification. High densities of toxic Alexandrium cells in the water column immediately preceded shellfish intoxification at Gijang and Sujeong-ri in April.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2004

When an organism is exposed to various toxicants chronically, reactive oxygen species(ROS) are accumulated and eventually result in several biological effects from gene expression to cell death. In the present study we investigated the oxidative damage of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) and/or benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in C100 cells. C100 cells treated with TCDD(30 nM) and B(a)P($3{\mu}M$) underwent diverse oxidative stress as determined through thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS) formation, DNA fragmentation, DNA single strand break(SSB) assay, immunohistochemical staining of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymatic genes such as Cu/Zn-SOD gene, GPx(glutathione peroxidase 5) gene, and catalase gene. Lipid peroxidation in C100 cells was determined through measuing the formation of TBARS. For theat, the cells were pretreated with TCDD(30 nM) and/or B(a)P($3{\mu}M$) for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 days. TBARS formation was increased in TCDD(30 nM) and B(a)P($3{\mu}M$) and mixture($30nM\;TCDD+3{\mu}M\;B(a)P$) and positive control treatment groups comparing to the controls. Mixture treatment induced more DNA fragmentation than the single treatment group at day 6. Also, SSB in all treatment groups was clearly observed when compared with the negative control group. As with the expression of antioxidant enzyme, GPx 5mRNA, B(a)P alone and mixture($30nM\;TCDD+3{\mu}M\;B(a)P$) treatment were higher comparing to those of the negative control and TCDD treatment groups. Our results suggest that exposure of C100 cells to mixture of TCDD and B(a)P leads to significant oxidative damage comparing to the exposures to the individual chemicals. Mechanisms of action are discussed. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanism of mixture-induced toxicity.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2003

퍼플루오르설포닐 플로라이드 나피온 레진과 mordenite를 이용하여 $100^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서 작동하는 고분자 전해질형 연료건지용 전해질 막을 제조하고, 물리적 특성, proton전도도 및 단위 전지의 성능을 측정하였다. 나피온/mordenite복합체 막은 나피온 레진을 용융한 후, mordenite를 무게별로 첨가하여 제조하였다. 고온 영역에서 proton 전도도를 측정한 결과, mordenite 함량이 증가할수록 층상 구조를 갖는 mordenite내에 존재하는 층간수의 느린 탈수 속도 때문에 proton 전도도는 증가하였다. 또한, 단위 전지 성능 측정 결과로부터, $130^{\circ}C$의 작동 온도에서 l0wt% mordenite를 함유하고 있는 복합체 막이 전체 영역에 걸쳐 가장 높은 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 같은 조건에서. l0wt% mordenite가 함유된 복합체 막 내부에 존재하고 있는 수분이 다른 조성의 막보다 더 많이 존재하게 되어, 복합체 막의 이온 전도도를 유지하기 때문이다. 따라서, 나피온/mordenite복합체 막은 $100^{\circ}C$이상에서 작동하는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지용 전해질 막으로서 적합하다고 생각된다.