• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

In order to predict thermodynamic performance of refrigeration system, it is required to know the oil concentration of the refrigerant/oil mixture. The current method to measure the oil concentration is to extract the working mixture and then to measure the oil weight. However, it is Quite necessary to estimate oil concentration without any extraction of the working fluid. In this study a new method and working equation is presented as follows. It is based on the measurement of spedific gravity and temperature : $$C=a+b{\times}t+c{\times}t^2+(d+e{\times}t+f{\times}t^2){\times}SG$$ C is oil concentration, t is temperature($^{\circ}C$), SG is specific gravity of mixture and a~f is coefficients. The oil concentration ranges over 0~12 wt% and the temperature ranges over $20{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The specific gravity and temperature are measured using the on-line densimeter and thermometer. This working equation enables to predict the oil concentration without any extraction of the mixture. This equation can be applied for R-12/Naphthenic oil and R-134a/POE oil oiquid mixtures.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 1989

The vegetation and landscape of Hokkaido were phytosociologically referred. The region of F a g e t e a c r e n a t a e on Hokkaido is divided into two types of deciduous broad-leaved forest: the oak (Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata) forests mixed with conifers (mainly Abies sachalinensis) and the beech (Fagus crenata) forests of northernmost distribution in far-east Asia. The oak forests, which is dominated by Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata in Japanse islands, seem to be developed from different climatic and edaphic conditions, especially in the amount and sharing pattern of precipitation in a year, and weak acid brown forest soil, volcanic ash soil and sandy soil. On the all-inclusive phytogeographical view-point, Hokkaido is situated at northernmost region of F a g e t e a c r e n a t a e (cool-temperate zone)neighboring with subarctic and subalpine vegetation, vegetation, but the evergreen broad-leaved forest (C a m e l l i e t e a j a p o n i c a e, warm-temperate zone) is abscent.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1999

The present experiments were performed to examine the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CC) on thyroxine ($T_4$) release and any possible relation between inhibition of $T_4$ release and signaling pathway in guinea pig thyroids. The thyroids were incubated in the medium containing the test agents, samples of the medium were assayed for $T_4$ by EIA kits. ACh and CC inhibited the TSH-stimulated $T_4$ release. These inhibition were reversed by atropine, but not by d-tubocurarine. The inhibitory effects of ACh on $T_4$ release were prevented by $M_{1^-}$ and $M_{3^-}$muscarinic antagonists and its inhibition was also slightly reversed by $M_{2^-}$ and $M_{4^-}$muscarinic antagonists. R59022, like ACh and CC, also inhibited the TSH-stimulated $T_4$ release. This inhibition was reversed by protein kinase C inhibitor and $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker. The present study suggests that cholinergic inhibition of $T_4$ release from thyroids can be induced mainly by activation of the $M_{1^-}$ or $M_{3^-}$ receptors and that it is mediated through the muscarinic receptorstimulated protein kinase C activation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 2008

The bioequivalence of two cyclosporine A (CyA) 100 mg soft capsules (Chong Kun Dang's $Cipol-N^{(R)}$ as the test drug; Korea Novartis' Sandimmun $Neoral^{(R)}$ as the reference drug) was assessed in healthy male Korean volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg CyA according to a randomized crossover design. The whole blood samples were analyzed for the determination of parent CyA in the blood by using a validated HPLC/diode array detector method. The mean $AUC_t$ values for reference and test products were $4095.3{\pm}1397.2$ and $3958.3{\pm}1138.2\;ng{\cdot}hr/mL$, respectively. The mean $C_{max}$ values were $1135.9{\pm}293.2\;ng/mL$ for the reference product, and $985.0{\pm}207.9\;ng/mL$ for the test product. $T_{max}$ was $1.6{\pm}0.4\;hr$ for the reference and $1.8{\pm}0.5\;hr$ for the test product. The differences of $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were -3.35, -13.28 and +10.63%, respectively. The point estimates and 90% confidence intervals for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ were 0.981 (0.9171 to 1.0514) and 0.876 (0.8229 to 0.9336), respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetic and statistical data, we conclude that these two products are bioequivalent and can be considered interchangeable in the medical practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.94-97
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• 2003

This study performed the research about the recycling basin supernatant by pre-coat filtration in the D water treatment plant at Gwangju. Choice the prompt conditions with diatomaceous earth filtration which makes contaminant reduced in the basin supernatant. Element disk of candle used in this experiment are pore size 10$\mu\textrm{m}$(R), 20$\mu\textrm{m}$(B) and 40$\mu\textrm{m}$(Y). Diatomaceous earth are cake pore size 3.5$\mu\textrm{m}$(A), 7$\mu\textrm{m}$(B) and 17$\mu\textrm{m}$(C). The filtrate concentrations were from 0.18 to 0.92$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 of Chlorophyll-a. And then, removal rate percentage were from 78.30 to 95.57(R-A). In addition SS 80%, CODMn32% COD 61%, T-N 10% and T-P 39% on the D water treatment plant. The R(40$\mu\textrm{m}$) C(17$\mu\textrm{m}$) process can be substituted of reusing the recycled water of recycling basin supernatant view of capacity and removal rate of filtrate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 1995

Oxygen consumption of marine fishes according to different water temperatures, fish population densities and body weights was measured in the respiratory chamber for the following six species: the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, the tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes, the rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, the sea bass Lateolabrax Japonicus, the red seabream Pagrus major and the black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Also the lethal concentration of dissolved oxygen in them was determined. Oxygen consumption in each fish species increased as the water temperature increased. The relationship between the oxygen consumption rate $(Oc,\;ml/kg{\cdot}\;hr)$ and the water temperature (T,$^{\circ}C$) for each species appeared as the following equations demonstrate; olive flounder: Oc=34.0515T-339.5987 $(r^2=0.9730)$, tiger puffer: Oc=34.4941T-479.8732 $(r^2=0.9483),$ rockfish: Oc=44.7970T-634.2627 $(r^2=0.9718),$ sea bass: Oc=26.1488T-318.0633 $(r^2=0.9316),$ red seabream: Oc=61.1020T-722.8926 $(r^2= 0.9805),$ black seabream: Oc=75.1460T-947.9370 $(r^2=0.9392).$ The of gen consumption of fish with different population densities decreased as the number of fish increased. As the body weight of the olive flounder increased, the mass-specific oxygen consumption decreased. The relationship between oxygen consumption and body weight (W; g) was expressed as Oc=2532.0268W-0.6565 $(r^2=0.9229)$. The levels of lethal dissolved oxygen in the olive flounder, rockfish, tiger puffer and red seabream were 0.66, 0.79, 0.75 and 1.36 m1/1, respectively.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.19
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• pp.119-121
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• 2000

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2005

Chiral separation of racemic ibuprofen was achieved on a Kromasil KR100-5CHI-TBB column. Some chromatographic parameters (resolution, number of theoretical plates, HETP, capacity factor) are calculated under different separation conditions such as change of mobile phase compositions (hexane / t-BME : 85 / 15, 75 / 15, 65 / 35, 55 /45) as well as acetic acid concentrations for adjusting pH (0.1 to 1 $v/v\%$). Flow rate versus number of theoretical plates and HETP were compared to evaluate column efficiency. To determine the adsorption isotherms, PIM (Pulsed Input Method) was carried out. At concentrations of racemic ibuprofen between 0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml, S- and R-ibuprofen have the same retention time of 4.48 and 5.81 min. Ibuprofen isotherms show a linear form under concentrations of 0.3 mg/ml with eluent (hexane / t-BME = 55 / 45).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2000

ZnO thin films were deposited on amorphous slide glass and $SiO_2$/Si substrates by Facing Targets Sputtering method with sputtering current 0.1~0.8 A, working pressure 0.5~3 mTorr and substrate temperature R.T~$400^{\circ}C$. When the sputtering current was 0.4 A, working pressure was 0.5 mTorr and substrate temperature was 30$0^{\circ}C$, ${\Delta}{\Theta}_{50}$ value of ZnO/glass and ZnO/$SiO_2$/si thin film was $3.8^{\circ}$ and $2.98^{\circ}$, respectively. In these conditions, we knew that ZnO thin film were deposited with good c-axis orientation on amorphous slide glass by FTS system.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.41-54
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of husband's emotional support and mother-teacher partnership on maternal parenting stress. The participants in this study consisted of 216 mothers with children(aged 4-5years). Husband's emotional support was measured by the Parenting Alliance Inventory(PAI, R. R. Abidin, 1988) revised by R. R. Abidin and J. F. Brunner(1995). Mother-teacher partnership was measured using the Caregiver-Parent Partnership Scale(A. M. Ware, B. Barfoot, A. S. Rusher & M. T. Owen, 1995) revised by M. T. Owen, A. M. Ware and B. Barfoot(2000). Parental Stress was measured by the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF, R. R. Abidin, 1995) revised by M. E. Haskett, L. S. Ahern, C. S. Ward and J. C. Allaire(2006). The data were analyzed through mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows: First, the mean score of husband's emotional support was higher than average and the mean score of mother-teacher partnership was an average level. Parenting stress was lower than average. Second, there were statistically differences in maternal parental stress according to number of children and mother's educational level. Third, husband's emotional support and mother-teacher partnership were influenced by maternal parental stress. The results of this study are important because they show mothers, fathers, and teachers ways to reduce maternal parental stress.